Stress and Health最新文献

{"title":"Substance and Behavioural Addictions Among Evacuees: Findings From Israeli Swords of Iron War.","authors":"Gabriella Rubin, Uri Lifshin, Vera Skvirsky, Yoav Ankri, Dvora Shmulewitz, Maor Levitin, Merav Vider, Shaul Lev-Ran, Ariel Kor, Mario Mikulincer","doi":"10.1002/smi.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>War-related evacuation is a stressful event that may cause mental health problems, which, in turn, might lead to increases in substance and behavioural addictions. We used data collected online during the Swords of Iron to examine associations between being evacuated during the war, mental health, problematic substance use, and behavioural addictions. Study 1 surveyed young adults (ages 18-26) from various areas of Israel. Measures included self-reported anxiety, depression, problematic consumption of alcohol, cannabis, and prescription drugs, and problematic gambling, gaming, and pornography. Evacuees (n = 111) reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, problematic alcohol consumption, and problem gambling than non-evacuees (n = 973), with increased depression, problematic alcohol consumption and problem gambling among men. In Study 2, we used data from a quasi-representative sample of Jewish Israelis (ages 18-70), that included the same measures, in addition to problematic social media and internet usage. Findings replicated and extended those of Study 1: evacuees (n = 158) had higher rates of problematic use of all the assessed outcomes, compared to those not evacuated (n = 2485), with increased problematic use of alcohol, prescription drug, and gambling among men. In both Studies, the results held when controlling for exposure to war stressors and feelings of danger during the war, indicating that evacuation had a unique effect beyond the primary trauma of war. We discuss the limitations of the current research and consider its implications to addiction theory and gender differences in addictions and offer directions for future research and clinical considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"e70155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Bright and Dark Sides of Work Motivation and Nonwork Recovery: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Miika Kujanpää, Etty R Nilsen, Anja H Olafsen","doi":"10.1002/smi.70179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined complementary and conflicting processes in the interplay between two key employee experiences: recovery and autonomous motivation. We draw on resource scarcity and abundance perspectives to amply contextualise how nonwork recovery and autonomous work motivation coexist and interact. We employed a sequential quantitative ➔ QUALITATIVE mixed-methods design. First, nonwork recovery and autonomous work motivation were assessed using well-validated questionnaires among 377 Norwegian university and bank employees. Next, we used extreme case sampling to interview a sub-sample of 15 employees based on extreme scores in nonwork recovery and autonomous work motivation. We used deductive thematic analysis to identify themes pertaining to research questions. Distinct complementary and conflicting patterns were found among employees grouped based on their nonwork recovery and autonomous work motivation scores, showing that recovery and autonomous motivation have a complex interplay involving both bright and dark sides. We further build four propositions based on the findings to develop theory on these key facets of optimal employee functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"e70179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Positive Mental Health During Times of COVID-19 and War in Ukraine: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study in Lithuania and Germany.","authors":"Inga Truskauskaite, Monika Kvedaraite, Julia Brailovskaia, Evaldas Kazlauskas, Jürgen Margraf","doi":"10.1002/smi.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are seen as global crises, possibly affecting mental health worldwide. Longitudinal research seeking to understand these effects is still scarce. The current study aimed to examine mental health trajectories and links between stress, anxiety, depression, and positive mental health (PMH) over time from pre-pandemics to the ongoing war in Ukraine. The four-measurement points study was conducted on a sample of young adults from Lithuania and Germany (N = 432; 76.4% female; M_age (SD_age) = 22.98 (6.35) at T1). The latent change analysis was used to reveal the change trajectories, the latent class change analyses to indicate the patterns of change, and the cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine how mental health indicators predict one another over time. On average, no changes were observed in mental health indicators over the study period. Nevertheless, latent class analysis revealed two distinct trajectories: 76.4% of participants belonged to the low-symptom group, where depression (d = -0.61), anxiety (d = -0.19), and stress (d = -0.26) decreased over time, while 23.6% belonged to the high-symptom group, where depression (d = 2.32), anxiety (d = 0.79), and stress increased (d = 1.09) substantially, and positive mental health (PMH) decreased (d = 0.82). Moreover, better PMH before the pandemic and during the 2nd COVID-19 outbreak predicted lower stress a year after; higher anxiety before the pandemic and during the release of COVID-19 restrictions predicted higher stress a year after. Crisis interventions should target anxiety and positive mental health to help young adults cope with stress in times of change, threat, and unpredictability.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"e70169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Swedish Version of the Occupational Anxiety Inventory.","authors":"Sebastian Isaksson, Leon T De Beer, Renzo Bianchi","doi":"10.1002/smi.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to validate a Swedish version of the Occupational Anxiety Inventory (OCAI), a self-report instrument designed to assess anxiety symptoms that individuals specifically attribute to their work. A sample of 499 Swedish workers was recruited. We investigated the OCAI's dimensionality, total score reliability, scalability, criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Measurement invariance was examined using data from the original validation study of the instrument. Bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling indicated that the Swedish version of the OCAI leans towards strict unidimensionality, with the general factor accounting for 93% of the common variance extracted. The OCAI demonstrated excellent total score reliability, as indexed by alpha and omega coefficients (0.94-0.97), and strong scalability, as established by Mokken scale analysis (H = 0.69). Evidence of criterion validity was found through correlations between occupational anxiety and various work- and health-related variables, including work addiction, rumination, procrastination, and general health status. The OCAI showed a degree of both convergent and discriminant validity in relation to an attribution-free measure of anxiety. Measurement invariance held across countries, sexes, and age groups. Our findings suggest that the Swedish version of the OCAI is a psychometrically robust instrument. This corroborates evidence from the OCAI's initial validation study and supports the use of the instrument within a Swedish context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Connectome-Wide Functional Characteristic of Visual Working Memory in Earthquake Survivors.","authors":"Hanyi Zhang, Hua Xie, Minlan Yuan, Yuchen Li, Xiaoqi Huang, Su Lui, Changjian Qiu, Hongru Zhu, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smi.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown that trauma exposure could affect visual working memory function in trauma survivors, regardless of psychopathological symptoms. However, the impact of psychological trauma on the brain function underlying working memory is unclear. To investigate this, a connectome-wide association (CWAS) study was conducted on visual working memory (VWM) in a spectrum of trauma-exposed individuals. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan 93 earthquake survivors, 44 of whom met the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 49 did not. Fifteen participants with PTSD also had a comorbid major depressive disorder. The Wechsler Memory Scale-IV and clinical assessments were used to examine participants. A CWAS was conducted to search for a whole-brain multivariate connectome profile related to VWM performance. The results showed that VWM performance was robustly associated with the connectome profile of the left inferior parietal cortex (IPC). A post-hoc seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis using the left IPC as a seed revealed that the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), posterior cingulate (PCC), and precuneus correlated positively with the IPC after correction. The correlations between the mean connectivity of the left IPC and the regions mentioned above and VWM scores further underscored the role of these connections in VWM performance in trauma survivors. These findings demonstrate a more comprehensive picture of the neural correlates of VWM performance in trauma survivors and suggest that modulating the functional connectivity between the IPC, insula, and dmPFC could shift attention bias and improve VWM performance in trauma-exposed survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-Informed Systematic Self-Reflections and Stress Reactivity Among Emerging Adults: Insights From an Ecological Momentary Assessment Experiment.","authors":"Amber Rose Stackpole, Monique F Crane, Hugh Riddell, Daniel F Gucciardi","doi":"10.1002/smi.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-reflection is central to adaptive stress regulation, yet little is known about when immersed versus distanced reflection optimises learning from stressful events. Drawing on Perceptual Control Theory, we propose that matching reflective stance to the emotional salience of stressors-adopting immersion for mild events and distancing for highly significant ones-optimises control-system reorganisation. This triple-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial will compare event-informed reflection against fixed self-immersed and self-distanced conditions using ecological momentary assessment. Two hundred and fifty emerging adults (aged 18-25) in the United Kingdom will complete three daily assessments over 14 days. Primary outcomes include stress reactivity (within-person stressor-negative affect slopes) and coping self-insight. We hypothesise that event-informed reflection will attenuate stress reactivity and enhance coping self-insight relative to fixed stances, with coping self-insight mediating effects on reactivity. Dynamic structural equation modelling with Bayesian estimation will test these predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Associations Among COVID-19-Related Posttraumatic Stress, Loneliness, and Worries: A Four-Wave Panel Study.","authors":"Güler Boyraz","doi":"10.1002/smi.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collective health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, pose significant psychosocial challenges that may increase vulnerability to posttraumatic stress (PTS). The present longitudinal study examined the associations between COVID-19-related PTS and two psychosocial vulnerability factors: loneliness and COVID-19-related worries. Data were collected from a sample of 747 adults in the United States (U.S.), recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), with follow-ups conducted at approximately 6-month intervals beginning in March 2020. Retention rates across the four waves were as follows: Time 2 (T2) = 458, Time 3 (T3) = 445, and Time 4 (T4) = 432. Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that loneliness consistently predicted subsequent increases in PTS symptoms across waves, whereas the reverse pathways from PTS to loneliness were not significant. Both loneliness and PTS measured at Time 1 (T1) significantly predicted COVID-19-related worries at T2; however, these effects did not persist in subsequent waves. Additionally, a delayed effect was observed in which COVID-19-related worries at T2 significantly predicted increased loneliness at T3, although this association was not observed at later time points. These findings highlight the enduring role of loneliness in the development of pandemic-related PTS and suggest that both loneliness and PTS contribute to elevated worry during the early stages of widespread infectious disease outbreaks. Early interventions targeting loneliness may be critical for reducing long-term psychological distress and enhancing resilience in the context of pandemics and similar public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Perceived Discrimination Events and Next-Day Emotions Assessed Via Ecological Momentary Assessments.","authors":"Blayne A Barker, Bingjing Mao, Sarah S Tonkin, Lizbeth Benson, Jessica A Becerra, Nadia S Stanley, Emily T Hébert, Darla E Kendzor, Michael S Businelle","doi":"10.1002/smi.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discrimination, defined as the experience of unjustified or prejudicial treatment based on qualities such as race, age, gender, or sexual orientation, may negatively impact well-being. Prior research suggests that experiencing discrimination events is associated with higher negative affect. The purpose of this study was to use smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine day-to-day relationships between experiencing discrimination events and discrete emotions (e.g., worried, miserable, afraid, anxious) over a 28-day period. The parent study recruited participants from around the United States and collected EMA data for 28 days. Perceived discrimination from the previous day was assessed in the morning EMA. Emotions were assessed in two to four EMAs per day. Within-person and between-person associations between discrimination events yesterday and current day emotions were examined using multilevel analyses. Participants who endorsed at least one discrimination event during the study (N = 106) were on average 44.9 years old (SD = 10.9), mostly White (66.0%), female (74.5%), and had a household income more than $30,000 (58.5%). At the between-person level, those who experienced more discrimination events on average experienced higher depressed, anxious, and miserable emotions. At the within-person level, experiencing a discrimination event was associated with higher ratings of afraid, depressed, anxious, and miserable emotions the following day. Results contribute to the understanding of how everyday discrimination events can impact discrete emotions. Future work should focus on assessing relations between discrimination events and emotions over longer periods of time. In addition, interventions are needed that can address the negative impacts of discrimination on mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13494657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Role Do Perfectionism and Cognitive Pre-Sleep Arousal Play in the Link Between Stress and Sleep? A Daily Diary Study in University Students.","authors":"Alexander Haussmann, Nina Schilling, Marie Alfter, Jannis Yahja, Alica Mertens, Laura I Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/smi.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient sleep is common among university students and impairs health and academic functioning. While multidimensional perfectionism (perfectionistic concerns and strivings) and daily stress are potential contributors, yet their interplay and underlying cognitive mechanisms remain unclear. Cognitive pre-sleep arousal may mediate links between stress, personality traits, and sleep. In a 14-day micro-longitudinal study, 88 German university students (M = 22.47 years, SD = 3.48) wore fitness trackers and completed daily diaries assessing objective sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, subjective sleep onset latency (SOL), daily stress, and cognitive pre-sleep arousal. Trait perfectionism and covariates (emotional distress, Big Five traits, and sex) were measured via questionnaires. Multilevel modelling and structural equation modelling were used. Neither perfectionistic concerns nor strivings predicted any sleep parameters. However, daily stress was associated with shorter sleep duration (b = -0.21, p = 0.033), lower sleep quality (b = -0.09, p = 0.006), longer SOL (root transformed: b = 0.01, p = 0.046), and higher cognitive arousal (b = 0.06, p < 0.01). No interaction effects between perfectionism and stress were found. Within-person mediation showed that on days with elevated stress, increased cognitive pre-sleep arousal partially explained shorter sleep (indirect effect = -0.16), lower sleep quality (indirect effect = -0.08), and longer SOL (indirect effect = 0.01; all p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses indicated that emotional distress, unlike perfectionism, predicted longer SOL via heightened cognitive pre-sleep arousal (indirect effect = 0.09, p = 0.007). Given the suboptimal model fit in the mediation models, all indirect effects should be interpreted with caution. Daily stress robustly impairs sleep and elevates cognitive pre-sleep arousal, which partially mediates its negative effects on sleep variables. Multidimensional perfectionism was not associated with sleep, nor did it moderate the stress-sleep link. Targeting cognitive pre-sleep arousal may be a promising mechanism to improve sleep in students experiencing elevated stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Types of Traumatic Exposure Link Divergently to PTSD and CPTSD.","authors":"Yuval Palgi, Lee Greenblatt-Kimron, Ephraim S Grossman, Amit Shrira","doi":"10.1002/smi.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to profile at-risk individuals in the aftermath of exposure to war-related traumatic events. We examined the contribution of distal and proximal as well as direct and indirect traumatic exposure, including disturbing social media content, to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among Israeli citizens following the October 7 attack. Five hundred eighty-two participants (M age = 44.81 ± 13.63) reported traumatic exposure, PTSD, and CPTSD a year before the attack and again 2 months after the attack and the beginning of the Israel-Hamas War. Logistic and multinomial regressions were conducted to determine which types of traumatic exposure were associated with PTSD and which were linked with CPTSD. Results showed that both distal and proximal, as well as direct and indirect exposure, were related to PTSD. However, when separating PTSD from CPTSD, indirect exposure, both distal (i.e., familial Holocaust background) and proximal (i.e., indirect exposure to the Israel-Hamas War), was related to a higher risk for PTSD only. In contrast, direct exposure, both distal (i.e., lifetime exposure) and proximal (i.e., direct exposure to the Israel-Hamas War), was related to an elevated risk for CPTSD. Moreover, indirect proximal exposure (i.e., media exposure to the Israel-Hamas War) was also related to CPTSD. These results suggest that different types of exposures are associated with diverse posttraumatic outcomes. Notably, exposure to uncensored disturbing media content may be associated with grave posttraumatic reactions, comparable to those linked to direct exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"e70140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}