Rui She, Lijuan Li, Qian Yang, Jianyan Lin, Xiaoli Ye, Suliu Wu, Zhenggui Yang, Suzhen Guan, Jianxin Zhang, Joseph Lau
{"title":"Resilience and Mindfulness as Factors of Posttraumatic Stress and Growth Among Chinese Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediation via Adaptive Coping and Stigmatisation.","authors":"Rui She, Lijuan Li, Qian Yang, Jianyan Lin, Xiaoli Ye, Suliu Wu, Zhenggui Yang, Suzhen Guan, Jianxin Zhang, Joseph Lau","doi":"10.1002/smi.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic may be traumatic to healthcare workers (HCWs). This study investigated the associations of resilience and mindfulness with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG), and the mediation role of adaptive coping and stigmatisation related to HCWs' role in these associations from the perspective of trauma and positive psychology research. An anonymous online survey was conducted among 1449 doctors and nurses (85.4% females; mean age 34.1 years) from five hospitals in different regions of China between October and November 2020, which was about six months after the COVID-19 outbreak was almost 'put under control' in China. PTSS and PTG were assessed using the 17-item PTSS Scale-Self-Report and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, respectively. The prevalence of PTSS and PTG was 42% and 65%, respectively. Results of structural equation modelling suggested that the association between resilience and PTSS was partially mediated by adaptive coping, self-stigma, and the serial path via adaptive coping and self-stigma, which accounted for 66% of the total association. The association between mindfulness and PTSS was partially mediated by adaptive coping and serially mediated by adaptive coping and self-stigma. In contrast, only adaptive coping was a significant mediator in the associations between resilience/mindfulness and PTG. The findings first unravelled the mechanisms between resilience, mindfulness, and posttraumatic outcomes of COVID-19 among a large sample of HCWs. Health promotion may consider alleviating PTSS and promoting PTG for HCWs experiencing traumatic stressful events via strengthening resilience and mindfulness, fostering adaptive coping, and reducing stigmatisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Multitasking to Mastering: How Polychronicity-Monochronicity Flexibility and Work Conditions Shape the Effects of COVID-19 Stress on Ego Depletion and Job Performance.","authors":"Tzu-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1002/smi.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on the resource-based view of self-control and Conservation of Resources theory, this study examines how COVID-19-related stress impairs job performance through ego depletion and investigates the joint moderating roles of polychronicity-monochronicity flexibility (P-M flexibility) and work conditions (in-office vs. remote). Using a two-wave design, I collected survey data from 469 full-time employees across diverse industries in Taiwan before and after the implementation of strict pandemic-related measures, including remote work mandates. The results showed that COVID-19 stress significantly increased ego depletion, thereby negatively affecting job performance. Importantly, a significant three-way interaction revealed that the buffering effect of P-M flexibility against stress-induced ego depletion was more pronounced among office-based employees. Specifically, in structured office contexts characterised by high external regulatory demands, employees with high P-M flexibility experienced lower ego depletion and maintained better job performance despite elevated stress. Conversely, remote work autonomy partially substituted the need for internal adaptability yet posed challenges for those with low P-M flexibility. These findings advance COR theory by highlighting the context-sensitive compensatory and substitutive functions of personal and contextual resources in managing prolonged stress. Practically, the results emphasise the necessity of context-specific interventions aimed at enhancing employees' temporal adaptability to sustain resilience and performance under stressful conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther N Moszeik, Nicolas Rohleder, Karl-Heinz Renner
{"title":"The Effects of an Online Yoga Nidra Meditation on Subjective Well-Being and Diurnal Salivary Cortisol: A Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Esther N Moszeik, Nicolas Rohleder, Karl-Heinz Renner","doi":"10.1002/smi.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yoga Nidra meditation has been increasingly examined in recent years for its potential to enhance psychological well-being. However, few studies have examined its biological effects-such as diurnal cortisol patterns particularly in larger samples using pre-post designs. The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial was to examine both the psychological (stress, anxiety, depression, rumination, sleep, satisfaction with life) and the biological effects (diurnal salivary cortisol) of Yoga Nidra. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intervention groups (EG1: 11 min Yoga Nidra, n = 101; EG2: 30 min Yoga Nidra, n = 80), an active control group (AC: 10 min music, n = 74), or a waitlist control group (WC, n = 107). The intervention was delivered online via pre-recorded audio files and practiced ideally daily over 2 months. Significant improvements were observed for the 11-min Yoga Nidra group compared to the WC (effect sizes d = 0.08-0.16). Regular practice was associated with reductions in total cortisol and steeper diurnal slopes. Additionally, the short form significantly reduced depression compared to the AC (d = 0.13). The long form of Yoga Nidra showed an increase in acting with awareness (d = 0.10) compared to the short form. It also exceeded the effects of EG1 when compared to the AC and WC, including a flatter cortisol wake-up reaction. The importance of small effects through economic interventions for health-promoting behaviour is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Feeling Safe Mean Being Free From Distress? Assessment of the Co-Existing Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Feelings of Safety in Children Following a Natural Disaster.","authors":"Zijian He, Yifan Li, Yingying Ye, Zhengyi Liu, Nanshu Peng, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1002/smi.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that restoring feelings of safety helps alleviate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on cross-sectional designs. However, feelings of safety may be affected by PTSD over time. As a result, how safety and PTSD interact in victims and their coexisting patterns remain unclear, particularly in children who have suffered from natural disasters. 1593, 1072, and 483 children were recruited at 3 months (T1), 15 months (T2), and 27 months (T3) following a super typhoon, respectively. Children who completed all three waves of self-report questionnaires were included (N = 351; 46.15% girls; M<sub>age</sub> = 9.55 years, SD = 0.66). The data were mainly analysed using the latent growth mixture model. The results revealed four distinct conjoint trajectories: resilience PTSD-high and sharply increasing safety (Class 1; 76.07%), resilience PTSD-slowly increasing safety (Class 2; 13.68%), chronic PTSD-moderate and increasing safety (Class 3; 6.27%), and resilience-decreasing safety (Class 4; 3.99%). Trauma exposure and perceived social support at baseline were significantly more strongly related to Class 3 than Class 1. The results indicated that feelings of safety and PTSD showed heterogeneous patterns of coexistence in children. Further, trauma exposure and perceived social support could differentiate children with distinct patterns of safety and PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lianjie Dou, Xiayu Zhang, Lianman Lei, Yuchen Ye, Shu Sun, Zhaohui Huang, Anhui Zhang, Haiyan He, Hong Tao, Min Yu, Min Zhu, Chao Zhang, Jiahu Hao
{"title":"Maternal Perinatal Depression and Infant Behavioural Development: A Potential Cumulative Effect.","authors":"Lianjie Dou, Xiayu Zhang, Lianman Lei, Yuchen Ye, Shu Sun, Zhaohui Huang, Anhui Zhang, Haiyan He, Hong Tao, Min Yu, Min Zhu, Chao Zhang, Jiahu Hao","doi":"10.1002/smi.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited research has examined the relationship between maternal perinatal depression and infant behaviours, as well as the potential cumulative effects. A sample of 686 mother-child pairs from the Wuhu Birth Cohort Study was used. Maternal depression levels were repeatedly assessed during the first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and 3-months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Children's behavioural development at 12 months of age was evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. A group-based trajectory model was employed to fit the trajectories of maternal perinatal depression scores. Generalised linear regression models with robust estimation were used to analyse the association between maternal depression scores, depressive symptoms, depression trajectories, and child behavioural development. The postnatal depression score was negatively associated with infant behavioural scores in all 5 domains (β<sub>communication</sub> (95% CI): -0.23 (-0.38, -0.08), β<sub>gross-motor</sub> (95% CI): -0.29 (-0.52, -0.06), β<sub>fine-motor</sub> (95% CI): -0.19 (-0.35, -0.02), β<sub>problem-solving</sub> (95% CI): -0.28 (-0.48, -0.09), β<sub>personal-social</sub> (95% CI): -0.39 (-0.59, -0.18)), while postpartum depressive symptom was associated with reduced score in the personal-social domain (β (95% CI):-4.01 (-7.15, -0.88)). The high depression score trajectory was associated with decreased scores in communication (β (95% CI): -1.76 (-3.35, -0.18)), problem-solving (β (95% CI): -2.10 (-4.17, -0.03)) and personal-social domain (β (95% CI): -2.50 (-4.68, -0.33)). Additionally, depression in the third trimester was inversely associated with communication (β (95% CI):-2.20 (-4.23, -0.18)). Maternal perinatal depression was negatively correlated with infant behavioural development, and a potential cumulative effect was observed, suggesting that we should pay attention to the entire perinatal period rather than a specific period.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toby C T Mak, Shamay S M Ng, Melody C Y Leung, Thomson W L Wong
{"title":"Stress-Induced Responses in Conscious Movement Processing and Walking Behaviour in Older Adults.","authors":"Toby C T Mak, Shamay S M Ng, Melody C Y Leung, Thomson W L Wong","doi":"10.1002/smi.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated how psychological and walking behaviours would respond to environmental stressor between older adults with different psychomotor tendencies. We recruited 102 community-dwelling older adults and split them into those with higher conscious movement processing tendencies (HCMP) and lower conscious movement processing tendencies (LCMP). Participants walked straight for 7.4 m in a normal environment (level-ground surface) and in a challenging environment (elevated, foam surface). Real-time conscious movement processing (indicated by T3-Fz electroencephalography coherence), walking stability (indicated by the variabilities in gait parameters and medial-lateral excursion of upper body sway), and neuromuscular efficiency (indicated by co-contraction index of lower limb muscles) were assessed. When older individuals were walking under a challenging environment, LCMP significantly increased their real-time conscious movement processing, while HCMP maintained at a consistent level compared to walking on a normal environment. Both groups significantly reduced walking stability and efficiency to the same extent under the challenging environment. LCMP appear to be susceptible to exhibiting environmentally induced conscious movement processing accompanied by less stable and efficient walking behaviour; indicating the need to investigate this cohort who are often assumed to have lower fall risk. HCMP responses seem independent of environmental stressor as a further increase in conscious involvement might be limited by overloaded working memory, leaving less capacity for adapting to additional stressors. Future research should target older adults at a higher risk of falling, as the negative impact of elevated conscious movement processing could be more pronounced in the absence of compensatory adaptations from higher physical function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was pre-registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05411536) prior to data collection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moon Jin Lee, SungJin Yoon, In-Ki Kim, Jun-Young Sung
{"title":"Effects of Gravitational Acceleration on Physical Fitness, Stress, and Immunity Levels of Prospective Air Force Pilots.","authors":"Moon Jin Lee, SungJin Yoon, In-Ki Kim, Jun-Young Sung","doi":"10.1002/smi.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we aimed to measure the change in salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of Air Force cadets before and after undergoing a G-test; further, we aimed to assess the changes in stress, fatigue, and immunity level of cadets after experiencing gravitational acceleration. Thirty-five senior male cadets from the Republic of Korea Air Force were enroled (age, 20.27 ± 0.53 years; height, 174.11 ± 3.06 cm; weight, 74.79 ± 6.90 kg). The 35 participants were divided into Pass and Fail groups (20 and 15, respectively). We measured body composition, physical strength, and salivary cortisol and (IgA) concentrations (pre- and post-G-tests). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the body composition model (p = 0.021) and the saliva analysis model (p < 0.001). Moreover, we observed a significant difference in skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, salivary flow rate, salivary cortisol levels, and salivary IgA concentration and secretion rate between the groups after the G-test. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between the G-test results and saliva analysis. Gravitational acceleration acts as a stressor on the body and triggers an immunological response. Our findings may be used to evaluate the health of pilots. Future research should focus on the interactions between physiological and environmental factors within the G-force environment to gain a deeper understanding of their effects on the health, functioning, and performance of pilots. In addition, ascertaining the long-term effects of repeated G-force exposure on immune function may be crucial, thus requiring further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominic M Denning, Ciara S Venter, Eli S Gebhardt, Tiffany A Brown
{"title":"Associations Between Minority Stress and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms at the Intersection of Multiple Identities in Sexual Minority People of Colour.","authors":"Dominic M Denning, Ciara S Venter, Eli S Gebhardt, Tiffany A Brown","doi":"10.1002/smi.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intersectionality theory proposes that experiences associated with numerous identities are variable and reflect a larger complex social process that can have serious mental and physical health consequences. Most studies concerning mental health at the intersection of different identities and their respective stressors on depression and anxiety symptoms have modelled them as additive. Consistent with intersectionality theory, we examined the multiplicative associations of multiple identity-related stressors on depression and anxiety. Participants were racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority adults (SM; n = 383) recruited through Prolific Academic. Results from regression analyses demonstrated positive associations of racial/ethnic discrimination and intraminority stress on anxiety symptoms for SM men of Colour. Similarly, there were positive associations of heterosexist discrimination and internalised stigma on anxiety symptoms in SM women of Colour. Finally, racial/ethnic discrimination interacted with internalised SM stigma in relation to depression symptoms in SM women of Colour. Findings provide critical information regarding the additive and multiplicative associations that multiple sources of identity-stressors have on the mental health of SM people of Colour.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangyuan Zhao, Jincong Q Freeman, Nora Jaskowiak, Gini F Fleming, Rita Nanda, Diane S Lauderdale, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Dezheng Huo
{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Stress and Isolation Among Multi-Ethnic Breast Cancer Survivors Throughout COVID-19.","authors":"Fangyuan Zhao, Jincong Q Freeman, Nora Jaskowiak, Gini F Fleming, Rita Nanda, Diane S Lauderdale, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, Dezheng Huo","doi":"10.1002/smi.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As COVID-19 transitions to a more manageable phase, it remains unclear whether its impact on mental health has similarly eased among cancer survivors. This longitudinal study tracked how the levels of stress and isolation experienced by breast cancer survivors (BCS) of different racial/ethnic groups have changed as the pandemic evolved. BCS enroled in the Chicago Multiethnic Epidemiologic Breast Cancer Cohort were surveyed between July and September of 2020, 2021, and 2022. An 11-item isolation/stress score was repeatedly measured in each survey. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to analyse changes in the isolation/stress scores over time across different racial/ethnic groups and to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with the racial disparities observed. In total, 1899 BCS responded (response rate: 62.8%), of whom 69% were White and 24% Black. The median time from diagnosis to first survey was 5.1 years (IQR: 2.3-9.2). The isolation/stress score decreased continuously for White BCS (P-trend < 0.001), but only began declining for Black BCS in the last wave of survey. Black BCS had significantly higher isolation/stress scores in 2021 and 2022 compared to Whites (both p < 0.01). The racial differences became insignificant after adjusting for certain socioeconomic factors. Notably, BCS who were single, on Medicaid, without a high school degree, or with annual household income less than $35,000 had significantly higher isolation/stress scores (all p < 0.05). The findings remained consistent in sensitivity analysis using inverse probability weighting to account for non-response. Our findings suggested that the levels of stress and isolation of BCS did not improve equally across different racial/ethnic groups as the pandemic subsided. This may be associated with disparities in socioeconomic factors like insurance coverage, education level, income level and family composition. Understanding these barriers and challenges is crucial for developing targeted interventions and support systems for vulnerable populations as we recover from the pandemic and prepare for future health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pre-Stress Exposure and Psychophysiological Responses During Cycling.","authors":"Dayanne S Antonio, Marcelo Bigliassi","doi":"10.1002/smi.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smi.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successfully managing physical discomfort and stress during exercise is essential for fostering resilience and a sense of accomplishment. Previous research suggests that individuals vary in their ability to cope with exercise-induced stress, and repeated exposure to stressors may enhance stress management skills. This study aims to investigate how demographic, psychological, and physiological baseline characteristics influence psychological states during moderate- and high-intensity exercise. Thirty-one healthy participants completed two randomized conditions: a 6-min cycling task alone or the same task preceded by a cold-pressor test. Self-reported perceptual and affective responses and heart rate variability were measured throughout each condition. Random Forest and Gradient-Boosting Regressors predicted psychological states. Baseline attention emerged as a key determinant of attentional focus at both intensities, whereas higher BMI and age aligned with elevated stress and pain. A high-tolerance profile mitigated stress and arousal during the high-intensity phase of the exercise trial while boosting positive states such as affect and dominance. Preference played a dual role, intensifying both positive experiences (affect, dominance) and discomfort (stress, pain). Notably, during the high-intensity exercise phase, greater cold-water stress exposure was associated with higher arousal and affect, as well as lower perceived pain at the end of this phase. These findings highlight the complex interplay among psychological and physiological factors in shaping the exercise experience. While individual baseline characteristics influenced responses to exercise stress, exposure to a prior stressor modulated perceptual and affective states, particularly under high-intensity conditions. This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation in physically demanding contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51175,"journal":{"name":"Stress and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"e70062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}