Social Studies of Science最新文献_第3页

The extractive loops of biocapital: Venom procurement and antivenom production in India. 生物资本的提取循环：印度的蛇毒采购和抗蛇毒血清生产。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251347915

Mathieu Quet

{"title":"The extractive loops of biocapital: Venom procurement and antivenom production in India.","authors":"Mathieu Quet","doi":"10.1177/03063127251347915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251347915","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research and scholarship has examined the exploitation of animals by the biopharmaceutical industry, framing it variously in terms of labour, commodification, or hybrid processes. This article adds to the discussion through an ethnography of antivenom manufacturing in India. It introduces the concept of 'extractive loops' embedding species, locations, and work practices. Extractive loops form a continuum through which non-human life contributes to the manufacturing of resources (raw materials and finished products). The argument relies on a description of the operations required by the production of antivenom, involving: (a) several animal species (mostly snakes, horses, and rodents), (b) connections between a multiplicity of locations, from outdoor fields to industrial sites, (c) a wide range of professional practices, some of them strictly formalized whereas others are mainly informal (such as snake catching), and (d) heterogeneous exploitation of non-human life and products. Extractive loops highlight a key feature of animal exploitation: a recurring series of extractive practices contributing to the continuous fabrication of natural resources.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"3063127251347915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Handmade relief models as matters of concern: Maintaining, restoring, and repairing mountains? 手工浮雕模型值得关注：维护、修复、修复山脉？

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251346168

Alain Müller

{"title":"Handmade relief models as matters of concern: Maintaining, restoring, and repairing mountains?","authors":"Alain Müller","doi":"10.1177/03063127251346168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251346168","url":null,"abstract":"Through a case study of what are known as ‘relief models’—for example of areas of landscapes—this article approaches representational objects in and as practice. Such an approach implies following the multiplicity of practices that are gathered in representational objects to bring them into and maintain their existence, especially those that often remain unacknowledged by analytical attention. Most discussions of representational objects focus on their representational capacities and properties, paying less attention to the activities that ensure their ontological security as objects. Those activities concern not only the manufacture of representational objects, but also their maintenance—which is placed at the heart of this discussion. The maintenance of relief models manifests itself as a semiotic-material ecology. Entangled here are the ontological tact of the craftsperson, the affordances, resistances, and responsiveness of the materials, and the meaning-makings and stories that articulate and guide maintenance and repair. The practice of maintaining such objects, however, diverges from their production. Their production essentially accommodates metric distance since representation involves transporting a ‘thing’ through chains of reference. On the contrary, their maintenance aims to accommodate multiple temporalities. This involves not only the ways of being in time that are specific to each material that composes the object but also the idealized past of an unused object, its worn present, and its anticipated (repaired) future. By playing with the double meaning of the word ‘representing’, this article speculatively questions the extent to which practices of maintenance of, and care for, representational objects can inform a re-vision and rethinking of the relationships to what they are meant to re-present —that is, to what counts as nature.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision justice: An imaginary of data and justice 精确正义：数据和正义的想象

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251342275

Margarita Boenig-Liptsin

{"title":"Precision justice: An imaginary of data and justice","authors":"Margarita Boenig-Liptsin","doi":"10.1177/03063127251342275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251342275","url":null,"abstract":"In Aldous Huxley’s 1932 novel Brave New World every person is conditioned through technologies to fit their social role, which is the source of the society’s alleged stability and rightness. This utopia of ‘precision justice’ is alive today in projects that deploy data and algorithmic models in decision-making in diverse branches of life to realize computing’s promise to create more just societies. I identify the sociotechnical imaginary of ‘precision justice’ by analyzing the promise and contestation of the use of an algorithmic model to calculate exam grades in the United Kingdom during the Covid-19 pandemic. ‘Precision justice’ is the product of the coupling of a normative concept of just distribution with data practices of identification and risk assessment, and is characterized by interventionist action, optimal distribution, and system management. It crystallized in the contexts of the emerging ‘information society’ in the 1970s United States, when visions of the risks and opportunities of information in digital form converged with the popular theory and practices of distributive justice. At stake in this imaginary is the model of the human with which it operates and that it reproduces. Instead of keying people to a substantive and expansive concept of justice, the union of distributive justice and data practices bind people to indicators and allocate them to specific places in society. To move beyond precision justice, this article calls for the need to look at justice and data symmetrically, as a simultaneously epistemic and normative set of concerns that must be addressed together in terms of what worlds we want to build.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"37 15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-tracking in endometriosis: Evolving expectations around a gynecological app developed by a Finnish patient organization 子宫内膜异位症的自我跟踪：芬兰患者组织开发的妇科应用程序的演变期望

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251344961

Venla Oikkonen, Maria Temmes

{"title":"Self-tracking in endometriosis: Evolving expectations around a gynecological app developed by a Finnish patient organization","authors":"Venla Oikkonen, Maria Temmes","doi":"10.1177/03063127251344961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251344961","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the possibilities and limits of patient advocacy-led health technology design through a case study: a non-commercial mobile self-tracking app developed by a Finnish patient organization to advance medical care and research in endometriosis, an underfunded and understudied gynecological condition. Drawing on interviews with patient organization representatives, specialized clinicians and people with endometriosis, as well as written endometriosis stories, this article traces the evolving expectations around the app to understand the landscape of hopes and concerns in which patient advocacy-led design is conceived and received. This article identifies tensions in visions about how the app could be used as well as locates shifts in expectations as the app moved from an idea to everyday use. The article also shows how structural aspects of established technological systems, such as digital health infrastructures or data ownership relations, shape expectations about future uses of patient advocacy-led technology. This case study contributes to science and technology studies scholarship on self-tracking and health technology development by providing a nuanced understanding of how the dynamics of expectation in patient advocacy-led design operate in a complex and underdiagnosed gendered chronic illness.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to Damianos—Anthropocene angst: Authentic geology and stratigraphic sincerity 对达米亚诺斯-人类世焦虑的回应：真实的地质学和地层学诚意

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251343046

Colin N Waters, Jan Zalasiewicz, Martin J Head, Georg N Schäfer, Francine MG McCarthy, Simon D Turner

{"title":"Response to Damianos—Anthropocene angst: Authentic geology and stratigraphic sincerity","authors":"Colin N Waters, Jan Zalasiewicz, Martin J Head, Georg N Schäfer, Francine MG McCarthy, Simon D Turner","doi":"10.1177/03063127251343046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251343046","url":null,"abstract":"Damianos provides his views on the significance of the March 2024 decision by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) to reject the proposal of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG), the body we represent, to formalize the Anthropocene as a series/epoch of the Geological Time Scale. He draws upon ‘four years of ethnographic observation’ of the AWG, over which time this body provided him with access to its meetings and discussions. Given this access, the numerous misrepresentations within his article warrant redress. Ultimately, his conclusions mimic claims of influential figures within the governing bodies of the stratigraphic process: that the AWG were attempting to formalize the Anthropocene for political reasons and subvert the process through use of the media, and that the proposed definition was based upon claims about the future and not the past geological record. We refute those accusations, and emphasize that the proposed Anthropocene epoch, based on scrupulous and detailed analysis of the stratigraphic record, demonstrates striking and transformative Earth System change driven by the mid-20th century ‘Great Acceleration’ of human activities.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First impressions matter: Mundane obstacles to a forensic device for probabilistic reporting in fingerprint analysis. 第一印象很重要：在指纹分析中进行概率报告的法医设备面临的世俗障碍。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251333074

Simon A Cole,Justin L Sola

{"title":"First impressions matter: Mundane obstacles to a forensic device for probabilistic reporting in fingerprint analysis.","authors":"Simon A Cole,Justin L Sola","doi":"10.1177/03063127251333074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251333074","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates why statistical reasoning has had little impact on the practice of friction ridge (or 'fingerprint') examination, despite both interest and some modest scientific progress toward this goal. Previous research has attributed this lack of results to practitioner resistance and legal apathy. This article seeks to complement those explanations through interviews with experts with a variety of perspectives on contemporary fingerprint practice about practical and mundane obstacles to the belated statistical revolution in fingerprinting. Based on these interviews, we argue that a 'forensic device' is required to incorporate statistical reasoning into fingerprint practice. This device would consist of a robust statistical model fronted by accessible, usable software. These components, in turn, require other components, such as large research data sets, markets, early adopters, government clients, education, and training. We conclude that the statistical revolution has been delayed not just by grand debates over the probabilistic nature of fingerprint evidence, but also by the seemingly mundane problems posed by developing and maintaining the kind of forensic device that would make such a revolution possible and practical.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"3063127251333074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making a show of it: Reading demonstrations of empty government innovation through the metaphor of façade. 作秀：通过faalade的比喻解读政府空洞创新的例证。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251337781

Santtu Räisänen

{"title":"Making a show of it: Reading demonstrations of empty government innovation through the metaphor of façade.","authors":"Santtu Räisänen","doi":"10.1177/03063127251337781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251337781","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines meaning-making in a governmental technology demonstration, and its significance in the production of a durable artifice of innovation. STS literature has largely engaged with technology demonstrations in the context of commercial technology products, and through the lens of public knowledge-making: as events that elicit credence in matters-of-fact. I contribute to this discussion by turning attention towards a new context, governmental innovation, and approaching the format, not through its epistemics, but rather its aesthetic and affective registers. Over the course of a project aimed at building a governmental software system called the AuroraAI Network, to be used for the empowerment of welfare subjects, the Department of Government ICT at the Finnish Ministry of Finance produced a series of four highly theatrical events that sought to demonstrate the development of the AI system. Using social-semiotic performance analysis, I analyse these events as a kind of façade, one that presents the trappings of technology demonstration, but rather than advancing specific technical matters-of-fact, produces an affective and aesthetic sensibility of government innovation. By mobilizing the metaphor of façade, this research shows how empty innovation is made durable and successful.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"3063127251337781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual diversity: A proposal and discussion 虚拟多样性：一个建议和讨论

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251334495

Sergio Sismondo

引用次数: 0

Virtual diversity revisited 重新审视虚拟多样性

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251330545

Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Luis Reyes-Galindo

引用次数: 0

The birth of thermopolitics: Wet-bulb temperatures, industrial microclimates, and class struggle in the early 20th century. 温度政治学的诞生：湿球温度、工业小气候和 20 世纪初的阶级斗争。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251326878

Grégoire Chamayou

{"title":"The birth of thermopolitics: Wet-bulb temperatures, industrial microclimates, and class struggle in the early 20th century.","authors":"Grégoire Chamayou","doi":"10.1177/03063127251326878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251326878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, wet-bulb temperature is of vital importance in assessing the health effects of global warming. How did this heat stress index emerge? In this article, I turn to the research of industrial hygienist J.S. Haldane, who studied working conditions in mines in the early 20th century. The first warming of the thermo-industrial era was local, not global. It affected work environments, providing a fertile field of observation for occupational medicine and experimental physiology. These investigations revealed a wet-bulb temperature threshold beyond which efficiency deteriorates, which I interpret as the manifestation of an internal, climato-physiological contradiction between microclimates of production and labor power. However, as the long struggle of the Lancashire weavers against 'steaming' illustrates, an emerging labor environmentalism targeted these hostile atmospheric conditions. There, wet-bulb temperature and class struggle are combined in what I propose to call thermopolitics, which is understood as both government and conflict over temperatures. It was not just about controversies over regulatory standards; it was also about a clash between two opposing normativities, one quantitative, reduced to the physio-economy of productive efficiency, the other qualitative, vital, inviting us to rethink the notion of a democratic atmospheric politics. This article also shows that the theoretical wet-bulb temperature threshold used in some recent scientific literature is overestimated compared to empirical results exhumed from the history of science. This implies that, without decisive action, the tipping point for human heat tolerance could be reached sooner and more widely than anticipated.</p>","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"3063127251326878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0