Social Studies of Science最新文献_第2页

The birth of thermopolitics: Wet-bulb temperatures, industrial microclimates, and class struggle in the early 20th century. 温度政治学的诞生：湿球温度、工业小气候和 20 世纪初的阶级斗争。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251326878

Grégoire Chamayou

{"title":"The birth of thermopolitics: Wet-bulb temperatures, industrial microclimates, and class struggle in the early 20th century.","authors":"Grégoire Chamayou","doi":"10.1177/03063127251326878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251326878","url":null,"abstract":"Today, wet-bulb temperature is of vital importance in assessing the health effects of global warming. How did this heat stress index emerge? In this article, I turn to the research of industrial hygienist J.S. Haldane, who studied working conditions in mines in the early 20th century. The first warming of the thermo-industrial era was local, not global. It affected work environments, providing a fertile field of observation for occupational medicine and experimental physiology. These investigations revealed a wet-bulb temperature threshold beyond which efficiency deteriorates, which I interpret as the manifestation of an internal, climato-physiological contradiction between microclimates of production and labor power. However, as the long struggle of the Lancashire weavers against 'steaming' illustrates, an emerging labor environmentalism targeted these hostile atmospheric conditions. There, wet-bulb temperature and class struggle are combined in what I propose to call thermopolitics, which is understood as both government and conflict over temperatures. It was not just about controversies over regulatory standards; it was also about a clash between two opposing normativities, one quantitative, reduced to the physio-economy of productive efficiency, the other qualitative, vital, inviting us to rethink the notion of a democratic atmospheric politics. This article also shows that the theoretical wet-bulb temperature threshold used in some recent scientific literature is overestimated compared to empirical results exhumed from the history of science. This implies that, without decisive action, the tipping point for human heat tolerance could be reached sooner and more widely than anticipated.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"3063127251326878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research. 边缘化措施：精准医学研究中多样性的协调。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288498

Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim

{"title":"Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research.","authors":"Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288498","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241288498","url":null,"abstract":"The production of large, shareable datasets is increasingly prioritized for a wide range of research purposes. In biomedicine, especially in the United States, calls to enhance representation of historically underrepresented populations in databases that integrate genomic, health history, demographic and lifestyle data have also increased in order to support the goals of precision medicine. Understanding the assumptions and values that shape the design of such datasets and the practices through which they are constructed are a pressing area of social inquiry. We examine how diversity is conceptualized in U.S. precision medicine research initiatives, specifically attending to how measures of diversity, including race, ethnicity, and medically underserved status, are constructed and harmonized to build commensurate datasets. In three case studies, we show how symbolic embrace of both diversity and harmonization efforts can compromise the utility of diversity data. Although big data and diverse population representation are heralded as the keys to unlocking the promises of precision medicine research, these cases reveal core tensions between what kinds of data are seen as central to 'the science' and which are marginalized.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"178-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can democracy save children's lives? Addressing the constitutional problem of expertise. 民主能拯救儿童的生命吗？解决专业知识的宪法问题。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241310461

Brice Laurent

引用次数: 0

Silence of the labs. 实验室一片寂静。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251314452

Banu Subramaniam

引用次数: 0

Categorical misalignment: Making autism(s) in big data biobanking. 分类错位：大数据生物银行中的自闭症。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288223

Kathryne Metcalf

{"title":"Categorical misalignment: Making autism(s) in big data biobanking.","authors":"Kathryne Metcalf","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288223","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241288223","url":null,"abstract":"The opaque relationship between biology and behavior is an intractable problem for psychiatry, and it increasingly challenges longstanding diagnostic categorizations. While various big data sciences have been repeatedly deployed as potential solutions, they have so far complicated more than they have managed to disentangle. Attending to categorical misalignment, this article proposes one reason why this is the case: Datasets have to instantiate clinical categories in order to make biological sense of them, and they do so in different ways. Here, I use mixed methods to examine the role of the reuse of big data in recent genomic research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I show how divergent regimes of psychiatric categorization are innately encoded within commonly used datasets from MSSNG and 23andMe, contributing to a rippling disjuncture in the accounts of autism that this body of research has produced. Beyond the specific complications this dynamic introduces for the category of autism, this paper argues for the necessity of critical attention to the role of dataset reuse and recombination across human genomics and beyond.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"209-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the bench to public policy: Enhancing public trust in science. 从法官到公共政策：增强公众对科学的信任。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241310587

Shobita Parthasarathy

引用次数: 0

Virtual diversity: Resolving the tension between the wider culture and the institution of science. 虚拟多样性：解决更广泛的文化与科学机构之间的矛盾。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241263609

Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Luis Reyes-Galindo

{"title":"Virtual diversity: Resolving the tension between the wider culture and the institution of science.","authors":"Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Luis Reyes-Galindo","doi":"10.1177/03063127241263609","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241263609","url":null,"abstract":"There are widespread calls for increased demographic diversity in science, often linked to the epistemic claim that including more perspectives will improve the quality of the knowledge produced. By distinguishing between demographic and epistemic diversity, we show that this is only true some of the time. There are cases where increasing demographic diversity will not bring about the necessary epistemic diversity and cases where failing to exclude some voices reduces the quality of the scientific debate. We seek to resolve these tensions with an analysis that turns on the way the experience-based expertise of non-scientists can be absorbed into mainstream science. Mostly it has to be done via what we call 'virtual diversity', in which scientists take responsibility for acquiring interactional expertise in the non-scientific expertise-based domains which they consider provide knowledge valuable to the science. We argue that virtual diversity represents the only feasible option in most scenarios, with cases where demographic diversity or full cultural mergers provide the solution being the exception rather than the rule. This analysis is an exercise in the sociology of knowledge, which is considered as being continuous with philosophy. The paper is prescriptive as well as descriptive, and the moral, cultural, political, and educational implications of the argument are drawn out. A main conclusion is that the acquisition of virtual diversity should be a new norm for science, allowing the voices of experienced non-scientist citizens to be heard but without eroding the institution of science, which continues to be a vital foundation of truth in democracy.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"262-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numbers and emotions in the governance of the Covid-19 datademic. Covid-19 数据学术治理中的数字与情感。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241262457

Emmanuel Didier

引用次数: 0

Who knows what a mask is … and what it does? A bibliometric and textometric study of more than a century of scientific publications on sanitary masks (1892-2023). 谁知道面具是什么，它能做什么？对一个多世纪以来有关卫生口罩的科学出版物（1892-2023）的文献计量学和质地计量学研究。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251322880

Franck Cochoy, Guillaume Cabanac, Wendeline Swart

{"title":"Who knows what a mask is … and what it does? A bibliometric and textometric study of more than a century of scientific publications on sanitary masks (1892-2023).","authors":"Franck Cochoy, Guillaume Cabanac, Wendeline Swart","doi":"10.1177/03063127251322880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251322880","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors identify the disciplines that have taken an interest in masks over time, as well as how, in what proportions, according to what concerns, with what developments, and possibly with what effects. They ask whether the multiplicity of disciplinary perspectives is likely to lead to the emergence and sharing of new concerns, especially environmental ones, or whether the balkanization and juxtaposition of disciplines may leave certain aspects in the dark and thus contribute to the persistent production of a certain kind of ignorance. Based on a bibliometric and textometric study of more than 6000 scientific articles (1892-2023), they show the extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic has turned the study of masks upside down. It has encouraged the development of multidisciplinary and even interdisciplinary approaches, even if the legacy of almost exclusively medical sciences and engineering tends to severely limit hybridizations. The study highlights the possible emergence of a new movement of 'scientization of the popular', which leads scientists to incorporate the everyday concerns of ordinary citizens into the conduct of their research, thus challenging and reversing the well-known process of popularizing science.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"3063127251322880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making modafinil: Classification and serendipity in drug development 莫达非尼的制造：药物开发中的分类和偶然性

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251322113

Stephen J Scholte, Ohid Yaqub

引用次数: 0