Social Studies of Science最新文献_第10页

Mobile researchers, immobile data: Managing data (producers). 移动研究人员，固定数据:管理数据(生产者)。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231156862

Stefan Reichmann

{"title":"Mobile researchers, immobile data: Managing data (producers).","authors":"Stefan Reichmann","doi":"10.1177/03063127231156862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231156862","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific institutions have increasingly embraced formalized research data management strategies, which involve complex social practices of codifying the tacit dimensions of data practices. Several guidelines to facilitate these practices have been introduced in recent years, for example, the FAIR guiding principles. The aim of these practices is to foster transparency and reproducibility through 'data sharing,' the public release of data for unbounded reuse. However, a closer look suggests that many scientists' practices of data release might be better described as what I call data handovers. These practices are not rooted in the lofty ideals of good scientific practice and global data reuse but in the more mundane necessities of research continuity, which have become more urgent in light of increasing academic mobility. The Austrian scientists interviewed for this study reinterpreted defining features of research data management - such as ensuring findability - as techniques for managing the effects of researcher mobility. This suggests that the adoption of Open Science practices might be dissociated from its stated epistemic goals, and explains why many Open Science initiatives at present are administratively strong but normatively weak.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10034333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training scenes: Taking science studies to the classroom. 训练场景:将科学研究带入课堂。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231164583

Kris Decker, Christoph Hoffmann

引用次数: 0

Ethics governance development: The case of the Menlo Report. 道德治理发展:以门洛报告为例。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231151708

Megan Finn, Katie Shilton

{"title":"Ethics governance development: The case of the Menlo Report.","authors":"Megan Finn, Katie Shilton","doi":"10.1177/03063127231151708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231151708","url":null,"abstract":"The 2012 Menlo Report was an effort in which a group of computer scientists, US government funders, and lawyers produced ethics guidelines for research in information and communications technology (ICT). Here we study Menlo as a case of what we call ethics governance in the making, finding that this process examines past controversies and enrols existing networks to connect the everyday practice of ethics with ethics as a form of governance. To create the Menlo Report, authors and funders relied on bricolage work with existing, available resources, which significantly shaped both the report's contents and impacts. Report authors were motivated by both forward- and backward-looking goals: enabling new data-sharing as well as addressing past controversies and their implications for the field's body of research. Authors also grappled with uncertainty about which ethical frameworks were appropriate and made the decision to classify much network data as human subjects data. Finally, the Menlo Report authors attempted to enrol multiple existing networks in governance through appeals to local research communities as well as taking steps towards federal rulemaking. The Menlo Report serves as a case study in how to study ethics governance in the making: with attention to resources, adaptation, and bricolage, and with a focus on both the uncertainties the process tries to repair, as well as the new uncertainties the process uncovers, which will become the site of future ethics work.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"315-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/b4/10.1177_03063127231151708.PMC10240629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflexive standardization and the resolution of uncertainty in the genomics clinic. 反身标准化和解决基因组学临床中的不确定性。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231154863

Adam Hedgecoe, Kathleen Job, Angus Clarke

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引用次数: 0

On first reading Bruno Latour. 第一次读布鲁诺·拉图尔。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231158086

Nicole C Nelson, Stefan Timmermans, Andrew Warwick, Zdeněk Konopásek, Russell E Vance, Wen-Hua Kuo

引用次数: 1

Biopolitics and speculative objects in Chilean health projects. 智利卫生项目中的生物政治和投机对象。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127221136804

Jorge Castillo-Sepúlveda, Francisco Tirado, Ana Gálvez

引用次数: 0

On body-environment continuities from a laboratory commensalism. 从实验室评论论身体环境的连续性。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127221136556

Morana Alač

{"title":"On body-environment continuities from a laboratory commensalism.","authors":"Morana Alač","doi":"10.1177/03063127221136556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127221136556","url":null,"abstract":"The article attends to everyday practices in a laboratory of neural genetics that studies olfaction, with the fruit fly as its model organism. Practices in neural genetics exhibit one of the 'post' aspects in post-genomic science - a turn to the environment. To get at how laboratory members engage body-environment continuities, I pay attention to an occasion of designing experimental chambers for an optogenetics study. As practitioners deal with the body's continuities with the world by engaging the spatial character of olfaction, their accounts exhibit qualities of feelings of immediate experience, relatable to C.S. Peirce's phenomenological category of Firstness. While these traces of Firstness inevitably manifest themselves in mixtures with the other two of Peirce's categories - namely, Secondness and Thirdness - noticing them allows for an engagement of the environment that goes beyond action and meaning. I reflect on that environment by considering the involvement of scientists' bodies in life with flies, while not forgetting my inhabitation of the laboratory space. Rather than relying on a cross-mapping of attributes known from the human sphere (intentional states or features of the human body) while managing a measurable space observed from the outside, this is an environment lived from within and with others. I conclude the article by proposing its noticing as an orientation toward ecological preoccupations.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"242-270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seven moments with Bruno Latour. 布鲁诺·拉图尔的七分钟。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231159852

Noortje Marres

引用次数: 0

Exercises in irreduction: Some Latourian favourites. 简化练习:一些拉图里人的最爱。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231156649

Casper Bruun Jensen

{"title":"Exercises in irreduction: Some Latourian favourites.","authors":"Casper Bruun Jensen","doi":"10.1177/03063127231156649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231156649","url":null,"abstract":"In the days after Bruno Latour passed away, many scholars celebrated his life by sharing lists of their favourite pieces of his. These primarily featured Latour’s newer works and well-known books, but almost none of the minor writings that first enamoured me with him some decades ago. In the spur of a moment, I shared a list on Twitter of my favourite lesser-known texts, which I expand on here. If a single word was to capture what I found so appealing about those older pieces, it would be irreduction: the insistence, as Latour wrote in the manifesto that back ended The Pasteurization of France, that ‘nothing is, by itself, either reducible or irreducible to anything else’ (Latour, 1988a, p. 158). So, without further ado, a few exercises in irreduction. ‘Unscrewing the Big Leviathan: How Actors Macro-Structure Society and How Sociologists Help Them to Do So’ made Thomas Hobbes’ political philosophy central to ANT. But the French electric car—a new and barely existing environmental technology in the 1970s—pushed Callon and Latour (1981) to redefine his Leviathan to make it possible to imagine a society without fixed scales. They called the essay a ‘teratology’; a term normally reserved for the medical study of abnormal bodily developments or monsters. Why did innovations in electric vehicles half a century ago require a teratology? Because Electricity of France, the state-owned utility company, had to imagine and shape heterogeneous relations for an entire world—including everything from technical models to new green subjects, changing economic systems to battery components—where the not-yet-existing electric vehicles would fit like hand in glove. Meanwhile, the carmaker Renault clearly understood that this brave new world would pose an existential threat to the already existing one, home to its gas-guzzling machines. Hence, it spared no effort to identify and undermine the weakest links in the world under construction.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"183-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The sense of meaninglessness in bureaucratized science. 官僚化科学中的无意义感。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127221117227

Mariusz Finkielsztein, Izabela Wagner

{"title":"The sense of meaninglessness in bureaucratized science.","authors":"Mariusz Finkielsztein, Izabela Wagner","doi":"10.1177/03063127221117227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127221117227","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at scientists (in the life sciences), we focus on the sense of meaninglessness associated with bureaucratization. We define the sense of meaninglessness as a perception of meaning deficit or meaning conflict in particular situations that can be associated with frustration, irritation, and/or boredom. We show that it can be caused by identity disturbance - particularly the incongruence between the ideal self as a researcher and the imposed self as a bureaucrat. We claim that the sense of meaninglessness is more likely to emerge in those activities that are further from an individual's core identity, and more identity work is needed to make them meaningful. We also claim that processes of rationalization imposed by external agendas, particularly transitions from substantive to formal rationality (predictability, control and calculability, efficiency) contribute to the proliferation of meaninglessness in academia. The sense of meaninglessness is, therefore, ignited by the external forces colonizing academic life and constitutes an instance of the 'irrationality of rationality'. It is an outcome or side effect of the collision between two incompatible logics of practice: bureaucratic and scientific. To show the incongruence of those competing logics, we analyze the data derived from a mixed-method study conducted between 2013 and 2014 among beneficiaries of an international research grant project. As a supplementary source of reference, we use our research on academic boredom and laboratory scientists' work and careers.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 2","pages":"271-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9315871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1