Social Studies of Science最新文献

What work does ‘contamination’ do? An agential realist account of oil wastewater and radium in groundwater 污染 "做了什么工作？石油废水和地下水中的镭的代理现实主义论述

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241281708

Vivian Underhill, Karen Barad

{"title":"What work does ‘contamination’ do? An agential realist account of oil wastewater and radium in groundwater","authors":"Vivian Underhill, Karen Barad","doi":"10.1177/03063127241281708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241281708","url":null,"abstract":"Oil wastewater often contains high levels of radium, a carcinogenic and radioactive element. This article closely engages with two investigations of radium in groundwater downstream from oil wastewater storage pits. While one investigation found that radium did not travel beyond the storage pits, the other found evidence of elevated radium some two kilometers downstream. With an agential realist analysis, we resolve these differences, showing that these two experimental apparatuses defined and mobilized two different phenomena of radium, and of radium-as-contaminant. What geologists call ‘rock-water interactions’ are materially meaningful intra-actions. Far from being a mere philosophical gloss on otherwise conventional science, the ‘intra-’ signifies that, in these processes, the sediment and the groundwater are bringing each other into being. Groundwater sampling entails a specific set of intra-actions with the subsurface that enact different agential cuts. In addition, a geochemical focus on objects, rather than relations, also constrains understandings of chemical harm and accountability. These concepts do not only affect experimental apparatuses; rather, they come into being through and with each other. Therefore, rigorous approaches to groundwater and remediation do not lie in the pull to reify individual groundwater constituents, or to arbitrate between ‘contaminant’ and ‘contaminated’. Rather, rigorous approaches lie in the role of chemical relations in constituting specific groundwater phenomena. We elaborate three aspects of these relations: the constitution of radium-as-isolated-element through the ontological work of sampling schema, the formation of scale and attendant spacetimematterings within experimental apparatuses, and the work of contamination logics within conceptualizations of chemical harm. This analysis has major implications for understanding the potential harm of oil wastewater to groundwater.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constructing digital assets through blockchain technologies? Unpacking the techno-economic configuration of non-fungible tokens. 通过区块链技术构建数字资产？解读不可流通代币的技术经济结构。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241286447

Alia Miroshnichenko, Kean Birch

引用次数: 0

‘Zoonati’ vs. ‘epistemic tresspasers’: Science identity in contentious online advocacy campaigns on the origins of SARS-CoV-2 Zoonati "与 "践踏认识论者"：关于 SARS-CoV-2 起源的有争议的在线宣传活动中的科学认同

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241294028

Lynn Horton

引用次数: 0

Anthropocene angst: Authentic geology and stratigraphic sincerity 人类世的焦虑真实的地质学和地层学的诚意

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241282309

Alexander Damianos

引用次数: 0

Proverbial economies of STS STS 的谚语经济

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241294038

Ranjit Singh, Michael Lynch

{"title":"Proverbial economies of STS","authors":"Ranjit Singh, Michael Lynch","doi":"10.1177/03063127241294038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241294038","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses examples from an extended family of aphorisms, stories, and themes that have circulated widely in STS and remain associated with the formation and integration of the field. Drawing upon Harvey Sacks’s insightful remarks about features of everyday conversation, which he related to ancient practices in oral culture, we argue that familiar citation magnets in STS operate in many respects like proverbs, parables, and an extended family of neatly and memorably packaged viral articulations in ordinary language. After discussing the contingent production of proverbial truth, the article focuses on three well-known examples that combine memorable proverbs and themes with parables: Winner’s account of the low parkway bridges designed by city planner Robert Moses to show that technology has politics; Pinch and Bijker’s concise history of the bicycle to illustrate the social construction of technology, and Star and Griesemer’s viral two-word theme of ‘boundary objects’ as artifacts that sustain collaboration across organizational contexts. The discussion of these cases suggests that different elements of these examples become the focus of subsequent citations and applications, and that ambiguities about the origins and meanings of the cited items opens new avenues for critical reflection on practicing citational justice and the nature of STS as an affiliative discipline.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gathering around a satellite image: Visual media cycles of the nuclear nonproliferation complex. 聚集在卫星图像周围：核不扩散综合体的视觉媒体周期。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241274793

Christopher Lawrence

引用次数: 0

Beyond samplism: Rethinking the field in exposure science 超越采样：重新思考暴露科学领域

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288581

Sebastián Ureta

{"title":"Beyond samplism: Rethinking the field in exposure science","authors":"Sebastián Ureta","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241288581","url":null,"abstract":"Given the many forms of environmental pollution that have accompanied the global spread of industrial capitalism, there is an urgent need to carry out extensive assessments of the potential toxicity of many compounds on human and nonhuman populations. However, the scientific procedures developed to carry out such assessments present several critical shortcomings that greatly diminish their capacity to protect populations at risk. Through an ethnographic analysis of two field campaigns centered on the assessment of polluted sites in northern Chile, this article will reveal that these campaigns are embedded in what we can call samplism. Contrary to approaches that see fieldwork as generative spaces for knowledge creation, samplism radically simplifies the field into a neutral space for the collection of singular and well-defined lab-bound samples. However, samplism entails that multiple field phenomena relevant for assessing pollution levels are left completely unaccounted for, which greatly diminishes exposure science’s overall capacity to help improve the lives of those in need. Thus, exposure science urgently needs todevelop more capacious forms of engagement with the field, an ecological fieldwork that truly represents the complexity of forces and processes behind contemporary processes of pollution and damage.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making citizens, procedures, and outcomes: Theorizing politics in a co-productionist idiom. 创造公民、程序和结果：在共同生产主义的成语中理论化政治。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241269804

Hilton R Simmet

{"title":"Making citizens, procedures, and outcomes: Theorizing politics in a co-productionist idiom.","authors":"Hilton R Simmet","doi":"10.1177/03063127241269804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241269804","url":null,"abstract":"The literature engaging political theory in STS often puts forward a deficit model view of STS, in which homegrown STS ideas about politics, such as co-production, are either treated as having an insufficient account of the political or not read as political theory at all. This article challenges the deficit discourse by reading co-production as a full-blown political theory in its own right, in particular by showing how it investigates normative questions of 'the good' that are central to any theorization of politics. Where political theory often concerns itself with the construction and application of universal political ideals-such as of the good citizen, legitimate procedures or smart outcomes-co-production looks at empirical sites where citizens, procedures, and outcomes articulate understandings of the good held by political actors in situ. By looking at the making of citizens, procedures, and outcomes in practice, we can better understand co-production as political theory. In particular, co-production elaborates on how the making of citizens, procedures, and outcomes constitute (and are constituted by) ideal normative positions, including: authoritative views about what citizens may claim to know, culturally-situated understandings of procedural legitimacy, and political values and ideologies embedded in seemingly 'objective' measurements of outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"3063127241269804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The techno-politics of computing the mind: Opening the black box of digital psychiatry. 计算心灵的技术政治学：打开数字精神病学的黑匣子。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241273067

Katerina Sideri,Niels van Dijk

{"title":"The techno-politics of computing the mind: Opening the black box of digital psychiatry.","authors":"Katerina Sideri,Niels van Dijk","doi":"10.1177/03063127241273067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241273067","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatry has recently witnessed the launch of digital phenotyping as a new research agenda. According to digital phenotyping's hypothesis, data about a patient's daily behavior can be continuously collected through wearable monitoring devices and used to build software that would send warnings of mental relapse or would tailor treatment choices. The research is exploratory, and the claims upon which it is based are contentious. Drawing on interviews, we followed a research team that aspired to build a digital system that could send such warnings to patients with mental health disorders like depression and epilepsy. This enabled us to learn how a new instrument to measure mental function becomes constructed and what translations take place in this process. Here we pay particular attention to the role of patients as research collaborators. We observed the frictions and debates in the research team between different mental health knowledge regimes, seeing them before they were black-boxed and lost from sight. We aimed to understand how actors anticipate software and data analytics to function alongside physicians and patients, as well as how different accounts reconstitute the 'mental', 'therapy', or the 'social' itself. We discuss several 'dissociations' that occur along the research trajectory regarding: less motivated and underrepresented patients, the role of clinical knowledge derived from patient self-reporting, and the social, political, and economic aspects of a patient's life affecting mental health. In this sense, we want to open the black box of this new behavioral technoscience.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"3063127241273067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research. 边缘化措施：精准医学研究中多样性的协调。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288498

Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim

{"title":"Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research.","authors":"Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127241288498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of large, shareable datasets is increasingly prioritized for a wide range of research purposes. In biomedicine, especially in the United States, calls to enhance representation of historically underrepresented populations in databases that integrate genomic, health history, demographic and lifestyle data have also increased in order to support the goals of precision medicine. Understanding the assumptions and values that shape the design of such datasets and the practices through which they are constructed are a pressing area of social inquiry. We examine how diversity is conceptualized in U.S. precision medicine research initiatives, specifically attending to how measures of diversity, including race, ethnicity, and medically underserved status, are constructed and harmonized to build commensurate datasets. In three case studies, we show how symbolic embrace of both diversity and harmonization efforts can compromise the utility of diversity data. Although big data and diverse population representation are heralded as the keys to unlocking the promises of precision medicine research, these cases reveal core tensions between what kinds of data are seen as central to 'the science' and which are marginalized.</p>","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"3063127241288498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0