IF 2.9 2区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Grégoire Chamayou
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如今,湿球温度对于评估全球变暖对健康的影响至关重要。热应力指数是如何产生的?在本文中,我参考了工业卫生学家 J.S. Haldane 的研究成果,他在 20 世纪初研究了矿山的工作条件。热工业时代的第一次变暖是局部性的,而非全球性的。它影响了工作环境,为职业医学和实验生理学提供了一个肥沃的观察领域。这些研究揭示了一个湿球温度阈值,超过这个阈值,效率就会下降,我将其解释为生产微气候与劳动能力之间的内部气候生理学矛盾的表现。然而,正如兰开夏郡织布工人反对 "蒸煮 "的长期斗争所表明的那样,新兴的劳动环境主义针对的就是这些恶劣的大气条件。在那里,湿球温度和阶级斗争结合在一起,我提议将其称为温度政治学,它被理解为关于温度的政府和冲突。这不仅是关于监管标准的争论,也是两种对立规范性之间的冲突,一种是定量的,归结为生产效率的物理经济学,另一种是定性的,至关重要的,促使我们重新思考民主大气政治的概念。本文还表明,与科学史上的经验结果相比,最近一些科学文献中使用的理论湿球温度阈值被高估了。这意味着,如果不采取果断行动,人类耐热性的临界点可能会比预期的更早和更广泛地达到。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The birth of thermopolitics: Wet-bulb temperatures, industrial microclimates, and class struggle in the early 20th century.

Today, wet-bulb temperature is of vital importance in assessing the health effects of global warming. How did this heat stress index emerge? In this article, I turn to the research of industrial hygienist J.S. Haldane, who studied working conditions in mines in the early 20th century. The first warming of the thermo-industrial era was local, not global. It affected work environments, providing a fertile field of observation for occupational medicine and experimental physiology. These investigations revealed a wet-bulb temperature threshold beyond which efficiency deteriorates, which I interpret as the manifestation of an internal, climato-physiological contradiction between microclimates of production and labor power. However, as the long struggle of the Lancashire weavers against 'steaming' illustrates, an emerging labor environmentalism targeted these hostile atmospheric conditions. There, wet-bulb temperature and class struggle are combined in what I propose to call thermopolitics, which is understood as both government and conflict over temperatures. It was not just about controversies over regulatory standards; it was also about a clash between two opposing normativities, one quantitative, reduced to the physio-economy of productive efficiency, the other qualitative, vital, inviting us to rethink the notion of a democratic atmospheric politics. This article also shows that the theoretical wet-bulb temperature threshold used in some recent scientific literature is overestimated compared to empirical results exhumed from the history of science. This implies that, without decisive action, the tipping point for human heat tolerance could be reached sooner and more widely than anticipated.

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来源期刊
Social Studies of Science
Social Studies of Science 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
45
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Social Studies of Science is an international peer reviewed journal that encourages submissions of original research on science, technology and medicine. The journal is multidisciplinary, publishing work from a range of fields including: political science, sociology, economics, history, philosophy, psychology social anthropology, legal and educational disciplines. This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
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