Social Studies of Science最新文献_第4页

Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research. 边缘化措施：精准医学研究中多样性的协调。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288498

Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim

{"title":"Marginalized measures: The harmonization of diversity in precision medicine research.","authors":"Melanie Jeske, Aliya Saperstein, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Janet K Shim","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288498","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241288498","url":null,"abstract":"The production of large, shareable datasets is increasingly prioritized for a wide range of research purposes. In biomedicine, especially in the United States, calls to enhance representation of historically underrepresented populations in databases that integrate genomic, health history, demographic and lifestyle data have also increased in order to support the goals of precision medicine. Understanding the assumptions and values that shape the design of such datasets and the practices through which they are constructed are a pressing area of social inquiry. We examine how diversity is conceptualized in U.S. precision medicine research initiatives, specifically attending to how measures of diversity, including race, ethnicity, and medically underserved status, are constructed and harmonized to build commensurate datasets. In three case studies, we show how symbolic embrace of both diversity and harmonization efforts can compromise the utility of diversity data. Although big data and diverse population representation are heralded as the keys to unlocking the promises of precision medicine research, these cases reveal core tensions between what kinds of data are seen as central to 'the science' and which are marginalized.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"178-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can democracy save children's lives? Addressing the constitutional problem of expertise. 民主能拯救儿童的生命吗？解决专业知识的宪法问题。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241310461

Brice Laurent

引用次数: 0

Silence of the labs. 实验室一片寂静。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251314452

Banu Subramaniam

引用次数: 0

Categorical misalignment: Making autism(s) in big data biobanking. 分类错位：大数据生物银行中的自闭症。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241288223

Kathryne Metcalf

{"title":"Categorical misalignment: Making autism(s) in big data biobanking.","authors":"Kathryne Metcalf","doi":"10.1177/03063127241288223","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241288223","url":null,"abstract":"The opaque relationship between biology and behavior is an intractable problem for psychiatry, and it increasingly challenges longstanding diagnostic categorizations. While various big data sciences have been repeatedly deployed as potential solutions, they have so far complicated more than they have managed to disentangle. Attending to categorical misalignment, this article proposes one reason why this is the case: Datasets have to instantiate clinical categories in order to make biological sense of them, and they do so in different ways. Here, I use mixed methods to examine the role of the reuse of big data in recent genomic research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). I show how divergent regimes of psychiatric categorization are innately encoded within commonly used datasets from MSSNG and 23andMe, contributing to a rippling disjuncture in the accounts of autism that this body of research has produced. Beyond the specific complications this dynamic introduces for the category of autism, this paper argues for the necessity of critical attention to the role of dataset reuse and recombination across human genomics and beyond.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"209-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the bench to public policy: Enhancing public trust in science. 从法官到公共政策：增强公众对科学的信任。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241310587

Shobita Parthasarathy

引用次数: 0

Virtual diversity: Resolving the tension between the wider culture and the institution of science. 虚拟多样性：解决更广泛的文化与科学机构之间的矛盾。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241263609

Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Luis Reyes-Galindo

{"title":"Virtual diversity: Resolving the tension between the wider culture and the institution of science.","authors":"Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Luis Reyes-Galindo","doi":"10.1177/03063127241263609","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241263609","url":null,"abstract":"There are widespread calls for increased demographic diversity in science, often linked to the epistemic claim that including more perspectives will improve the quality of the knowledge produced. By distinguishing between demographic and epistemic diversity, we show that this is only true some of the time. There are cases where increasing demographic diversity will not bring about the necessary epistemic diversity and cases where failing to exclude some voices reduces the quality of the scientific debate. We seek to resolve these tensions with an analysis that turns on the way the experience-based expertise of non-scientists can be absorbed into mainstream science. Mostly it has to be done via what we call 'virtual diversity', in which scientists take responsibility for acquiring interactional expertise in the non-scientific expertise-based domains which they consider provide knowledge valuable to the science. We argue that virtual diversity represents the only feasible option in most scenarios, with cases where demographic diversity or full cultural mergers provide the solution being the exception rather than the rule. This analysis is an exercise in the sociology of knowledge, which is considered as being continuous with philosophy. The paper is prescriptive as well as descriptive, and the moral, cultural, political, and educational implications of the argument are drawn out. A main conclusion is that the acquisition of virtual diversity should be a new norm for science, allowing the voices of experienced non-scientist citizens to be heard but without eroding the institution of science, which continues to be a vital foundation of truth in democracy.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"262-287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numbers and emotions in the governance of the Covid-19 datademic. Covid-19 数据学术治理中的数字与情感。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241262457

Emmanuel Didier

引用次数: 0

Making modafinil: Classification and serendipity in drug development 莫达非尼的制造：药物开发中的分类和偶然性

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251322113

Stephen J Scholte, Ohid Yaqub

引用次数: 0

From distance(s) to civilization(s): (Extra)terrestrial intelligence(s) of (post-) Soviet Armenian astronomy 从距离(s)到文明(s):（后）苏联亚美尼亚天文学的（外）地智能(s)

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/03063127251324659

Gabriela Radulescu

{"title":"From distance(s) to civilization(s): (Extra)terrestrial intelligence(s) of (post-) Soviet Armenian astronomy","authors":"Gabriela Radulescu","doi":"10.1177/03063127251324659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127251324659","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on post-positivist conceptualizations of distance in human geography to look at how Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) astronomers identified with an ancient scientific-cultural legacy and how a corresponding imaginary bonded this legacy, BAO, and extraterrestrial intelligence. As part of the growing prospect of reaching out to other civilizations through radio waves in the 1960s, radio astronomers from Russian research institutes initiated the theoretical and empirical study of extraterrestrial civilizations and engaged with their Armenian counterparts. In so doing, they set a framework for contact through electromagnetic waves with extraterrestrial civilizations. Thereby, the epistemological constraints and affordances of astronomical distance gave rise to an (extra)terrestrial narrative of development. Armenian natural scientists responded positively to the study of extraterrestrial civilizations, though their engagement with this field remained passive. The scientific imaginary of extraterrestrial civilizations, however, contained pillars for the study of Armenian ancient astronomical past. As a result, when Soviet radio astronomy legitimized the study of extraterrestrial civilizations, it also legitimized the study of distant civilizations situated in the perceived historical past of the Armenian astronomical intelligentsia. In the rediscovery of ancient Armenia as an astronomical civilization by BAO (archeo)astronomers, national identity and historical continuity were at stake. Today, this imaginary continues.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bettie's travels: How pigs enable new connections between human health innovations and industrial agricultural pork production in Denmark. 贝蒂的旅行在丹麦，猪如何在人类健康创新和工业化农业猪肉生产之间建立新的联系。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/03063127241268772

Eva Vibeke Kofoed Pihl

{"title":"Bettie's travels: How pigs enable new connections between human health innovations and industrial agricultural pork production in Denmark.","authors":"Eva Vibeke Kofoed Pihl","doi":"10.1177/03063127241268772","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127241268772","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this paper unfolds the past and present uses of pigs that structured the emergence of a pig model of gut-hormone based appetite control, leading to the current scientific breakthrough in treatment of obesity. While the hyping of next generation medications for obesity and type 2 diabetes centers on the efficacy and profits attached to these drugs, I unfold how science embedded in this development had the in-vivo and in-vitro travels of Bettie-an obese Göttingen Minipig pig-at its heart. Tracing how she became embedded in a circuit of vitality connecting industrial agriculture and science on human health, I show how both are governed by a shared valuation of pigs' fat. Bettie's fat, however, was not to be eaten. Instead, Bettie was consumed in knowledge production. For pigs to enter this new trajectory, Bettie emerged as a promissory site for extraction of molecular information made possible by new visualization technologies and representational strategies that allowed for the coupling of human-pig physiology at the cellular level. While her travels were spurred by the hope of discovery of small molecules, Bettie allows us to grasp an important shift in science, as the insights derived from her work emphasized the importance of physiology and the environment for human obesity. In doing so, she served as a visceral model. On a larger scale, Bettie's entering science on human health reflects a recursive structure of knowledge in which the present problems with obesity and type 2 diabetes derive from the solutions to previous problems associated with alleviating hunger.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":" ","pages":"109-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0