{"title":"Analysis of Electromagnetic Angular Momentum in Circular Waveguides","authors":"Xiangdong Xie;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585915","url":null,"abstract":"Angular momentum (AM) plays multiple critical roles in wireless communications and detection, whereas waveguides serve as a pivotal propagation environment. The electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in waveguides carry coupled spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), yet the specific OAM mode composition and SAM-OAM coupling relationship have not been fully resolved. Although prior studies have derived average OAM values carried by waveguide eigenmodes, the ambiguity persists due to infinite possible OAM state combinations that yield identical averages. This work addresses two critical gaps: first, it obtains the deterministic decomposition of OAM mode components, and second, it shows the explicit SAM-OAM coupling relationship of EM waves in circular waveguides. By analytically decomposing hybrid eigenmodes into left-handed and right-handed polarized components, this study reveals that each polarization component carries OAM with distinct topological charges. Moreover, consistency is demonstrated among the theory of this study, HFSS simulations, and prior research. As a result, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for angular momentum transmission in circular waveguides, which enables applications in OAM multiplexing and quantum communications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3203-3207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EBG-Integrated Hexagonal Waveguides for Enhanced EMI Suppression in Extended C-Band Applications","authors":"Tunç Murat İlgar;Birsen Saka","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585776","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a novel application of hexagonal electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures—each occupying a unit cell area of 2.1 cm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>—to suppress electromagnetic interference while preserving airflow in enclosures used for C-band satellite communication at ground stations. Focusing on the extended C band around 4.7 GHz, the proposed design achieves 43 dB suppression at the targeted downlink frequency, effectively shielding sensitive electronics, such as high-performance c omputing systems, even with mandatory ventilation apertures. Unlike prior EBG studies that primarily address antenna or planar electronic designs, this work integrates EBG cells into hexagonal ventilation apertures, forming waveguide-like passages—a concept not previously explored. This approach simultaneously meets the critical requirements of electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation and adequate thermal management for satellite ground stations operating within the extended C-band spectrum. The design was validated through simulations in CST Microwave Studio and free-space measurements within an anechoic chamber, yielding strong agreement between theoretical and experimental results. Overall, the proposed EBG-based solution offers a practical and effective means of improving EMI control in extended C-band satellite communication enclosures without compromising ventilation requirements.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3193-3197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Gain and Small-Aperture Traveling-Wave Endfire Antenna Based on DSPSL Using Phase-Reversal Technique","authors":"Fuhong Pang;Leilei Liu;Lei Zhu;Guo Qing Luo","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585262","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a high-gain small-aperture traveling-wave endfire antenna based on phase-reversal technique is proposed in the platform of double-sided parallel stripline (DSPSL). The field cancellation effect in conventional DSPSL causes a trade-off between high gain and small aperture. In this work, it is effectively broken by the introduction of phase-reversal crossover. As a result, high-gain endfire radiation at a small aperture can be achieved. The developed antenna forms a good endfire radiation property in the frequency range of 14.2 GHz to 15.6 GHz. The maximum endfire gain is measured to be 16 dBi at 15.1 GHz with a small cross-sectional aperture of only 0.15<italic>λ</i> × 0.06<italic>λ</i>. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement with each other in the entire operating band. The proposed antenna has a few unique advantages—that is, high gain, small aperture, low profile, and low cost—and it is valuable for applications in advanced wireless communication.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3169-3173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maksim A. Stepanov;Vadim V. Artyushenko;Vadim S. Sokolov;Artemy A. Podkopaev
{"title":"MIMO Antenna Array With a Randomized Arrangement of Elements Providing Specified Directional Properties","authors":"Maksim A. Stepanov;Vadim V. Artyushenko;Vadim S. Sokolov;Artemy A. Podkopaev","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585276","url":null,"abstract":"A method for forming the virtual aperture of a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with a random arrangement of elements is proposed. For this purpose, the required number of receiving (Rx) and transmitting (Tx) elements is placed independently of each other within a given area so that they do not overlap with each other. The coordinates of the elements have an equally probable distribution. Based on these coordinates, the virtual aperture of the MIMO antenna array is formed. For a virtual aperture, the characteristics of its radiation direction multiplier are evaluated, that is, the width of the main lobe and the peak level of the sidelobe. Based on the resulting characteristics of the radiation direction multiplier, the distribution of Rx and Tx elements is optimized using a genetic algorithm to achieve the required directional properties of the virtual aperture. An example of virtual aperture MIMO antenna array synthesis with a random arrangement of elements is presented, consisting of 30 Rx and 30 Tx elements.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3174-3177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3-D-Metal-Printing Multibeam OAM-Generating Transmitarray With Dual-Layer I-Slot Grating Metasurface","authors":"Jiayu Rao;Guanghui Xu;Xingang Ren;Zhixiang Huang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585608","url":null,"abstract":"A novel 3-D-metal-printing multibeam orbital angular momentum (OAM)-generating transmitarray with dual-layer I-slot grating metasurface in the frequency range of 19 GHz to 21 GHz is presented in this letter. The dual-layer I-slot grating metasurface is proposed to achieve 360° phase coverage with a high transmission coefficient (≥0.9). 3-D-metal-printing technology is employed to fabricate transmitarrays due to easy process and low cost. To validate the proposed design, dual-beam and four-beam OAM-generating transmitarrays of the 32 × 32 array are simulated, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed transmitarray design effectively generates dual-beam and four-beam OAM vortex waves. The proposed design offers promising applications in future wireless communication systems of high-temperature, space and high-power environments.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3178-3182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substrate Integrated Monopulse Leaky Horn Antenna","authors":"Cleofás Segura-Gómez;Lei Wang;Andrés Biedma-Pérez;Ángel Palomares-Caballero;Pablo Padilla","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585624","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a leaky horn antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with monopulse performance. The proposed leaky horn antenna consists of two SIW leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) angularly separated to form the horn’s flaring. By properly designing this angular separation taking into account the main radiation direction of both LWAs, a flat wavefront is achieved in the leaky horn aperture. To provide the monopulse behavior to the SIW leaky horn, a hybrid coupler, and phase shifters are included in the feeding. Depending on the input port chosen on the hybrid coupler, the LWAs forming the leaky horn are fed in phase or counter-phase and generate the sum and difference radiation patterns. A prototype has been fabricated to validate the design. In the operating band, an impedance matching below −13.9 dB is achieved at both input ports with an isolation between ports better than 16.6 dB. The measured radiation patterns show a monopulse behavior with a proper agreement with the simulated results. The proposed leaky horn presents a depth of −25.8 dB (difference between the sum diagram and the difference in the boresight axis), a peak realized gain of 12.9 dBi, and a half-power beamwidth of 6.4° at 27.5 GHz.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3183-3187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11066271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beamwidth Enhanced Broadband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G N78 Band","authors":"Ruiqi Xing;Tao Wang;Wenbo Liu;Shuangyu Deng;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584835","url":null,"abstract":"A beamwidth-enhanced broadband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for 5G N78 band is proposed in this letter. The structure of the proposed antenna is novel compared with conventional magnetoelectric dipole antennas. It is composed of folded and slotted magnetoelectric dipoles at the bottom, folded and slotted electric dipoles in the middle, several metal columns, four parasitic patches on the top, two Γ-shaped feeding structures and a ground. Meanwhile, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is improved by folding the electric dipoles and loading the metal columns, while the beamwidth and port isolation are enhanced by loading additional electric dipoles and slotting the magnetic dipoles, respectively. Four parasitic patches are placed at the top to improve impedance matching of the antenna. By measurement, the overlapped relative bandwidth of two ports is 36.5% (2.87 GHz to 4.15 GHz). When port 1 is excited, the maximum beamwidths in E-plane and H-plane are 211° and 126°, respectively. When port 2 is excited, the maximum beamwidths in E-plane and H-plane are 208° and 127°, respectively. Therefore, the antenna has a wide application prospect in the 5G base station.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3149-3153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Using Nonuniform Metasurface and Mushroom Structures for Wi-Fi 7 Applications","authors":"Hai Dang Le;Son Xuat Ta","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3583750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3583750","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band dual-polarized antenna with compact size and high isolation is proposed for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) 7 applications. It employs a nonuniform metasurface and mushroom structures as the primary radiating elements for the dual-band operation. The metasurface is utilized for multiple resonances at the upper band, which are also loaded mushroom elements to generate the lower band. The radiators are coupled with two orthogonal microstrip lines through a crossed slot for the dual-polarized radiation. The slot is backed by a metallic cavity to reduce the back radiation. The final design with an overall size of <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{0.48} lambda _{L} times text{0.48} lambda _{L} times text{0.075} lambda _{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math>$lambda _{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at 2.37 GHz) yields a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 2.37 GHz to 2.50 GHz and 5.02 GHz to 7.15 GHz and an isolation of <inline-formula><tex-math>$ge$</tex-math></inline-formula> 23 dB. Its operational bandwidth completely covers 2.4 GHz/5 GHz/6 GHz Wi-Fi bands. Moreover, the dual-band dual-polarized radiation is validated by far-field measurements, which result in a cross-polarization level of <inline-formula><tex-math>$leq -text{20}$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB and the peak gains of 5.2 dBi and 10.7 dBi at the lower and upper bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3114-3118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxing He;Aiting Wu;Zhihua Fang;Zhonghai Zhang;Pengquan Zhang;Wei Wang;Zhijian Wang
{"title":"A High Out-of-Band Suppression and Selective Filtering Patch Antenna","authors":"Jiaxing He;Aiting Wu;Zhihua Fang;Zhonghai Zhang;Pengquan Zhang;Wei Wang;Zhijian Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584943","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a high-performance filtering antenna with enhanced out-of-band suppression, high selectivity, and a simple structure. The antenna is composed of a radiating patch on the top surface of the dielectric substrate and parasitic stubs on the underside of the substrate. By utilizing a triple-resonance mode, bandwidth is significantly enhanced. The low-frequency resonance mode is excited by etching a pair of symmetric L-shaped slots in the radiating patch. The mid-frequency resonance mode corresponds to the fundamental mode of the main radiating patch. The high-frequency resonance mode is generated by introducing a quarter-wavelength open-circuit rectangular stub beneath the dielectric substrate. Additionally, these two structures introduce radiation nulls at the edges of the low- and high-frequency bands, respectively. Additional T-shaped and U-shaped stubs improve band selectivity with radiation nulls at specific edges. The proposed filtering antenna has been constructed and tested. Testing reveals a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 17.7% [(2.26 to 2.7) GHz], 8.14 dBi peak gain, the frequency selectivity exceeds 252 dB/GHz and an out-of-band gain below −10.5 dB.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3159-3163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization of Antenna Inverse Design With Data Augmentation Based on K-Means-NN","authors":"Meng Wang;Shirui Yu;Jian Dong;Heng Luo;Chengwang Xiao","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3584825","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the accuracy of the inverse model with a limited number of antenna sample points, a data augmentation method based on K-means and forward neural networks (FNNs) is proposed. In this method, K-means is used to partition the initial imbalanced dataset, while a perturbation factor and FNNs are introduced to oversample the minority samples, ensuring a balanced performance distribution. A weighted loss combining soft dynamic time warping and mean squared error is embedded in FNNs to predict antenna performance more accurately. The convolutional inverse neural network integrates multiple performance features stacked along a specific dimension and is iteratively invoked until the optimized antenna meets the desired objectives. Taking a wideband circularly polarized antenna as a numerical example, the proposed method requires fewer electromagnetic simulations than other advanced optimization techniques.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3144-3148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}