IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters最新文献

{"title":"A Compact Independent Dual-Polarized 2-Bit Phased-Array Antenna","authors":"Lu Yin;Peng Yang;Tao Dong;Zaiping Nie","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521884","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we introduce a low-cost, independently dual-polarized electronically scanned array. It incorporates two orthogonal microstrip dipoles with miniaturized cascaded 90<inline-formula><tex-math>$^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase shifter to achieve a dual-channel configuration, which improves the capabilities of antenna. By manipulating the states of p-i-n diodes, it becomes possible to precisely control over the radiation patterns. A 2-D planar array consisting of 64 active elements operating at a working frequency from 4.8 GHz to 4.9 GHz is fabricated and measured. Shared 2-bit phase control allows for the simultaneous steering of dual-polarized beams in the same direction. This array provides a wide range of beam scanning within <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm {text{45}}^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> allowing for the implementation of scannable beams. The measured results agree well with the simulation ones, demonstrating the excellent scanning performance of the antenna array.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"923-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Planar Filtering Antenna With High Out-of-Band Suppression Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton","authors":"Jia Jun Sheng;Chang Jiang You;Qin Yu Li;Xin Hao Liu;Han Li Peng;Xue Yong Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522125","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposed a broadband, low-profile, and planar filtering antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). Periodic gaps are loaded between symmetric SSPP units to serve as a radiator element of the antenna. The antenna benefits from the dispersion characteristics of the SSPP radiator element, so efficient radiation over broadband has been achieved. The high-frequency cut-off characteristics of SSPP are also employed to obtain filtering performance. To verify the method, a prototype with a low profile of only 0.012<italic>λ</i>₀ is designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other, demonstrating good performances with large impedance bandwidth of 50.6% [(5.16 to 8.32) GHz], high peak gain of 7.45 dBi, together with high out-of-band suppression levels of about 18 dB in the lower stopband and 6.3 dB in the upper stopband.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"928-932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-Frequency-Ratio X/Ka Dual-Band Transmitarray Antenna Exploiting Effective Operating Size Differences of Huygens’ Elements","authors":"Zi-Hao Fu;Xue-Song Yang;Bing-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521672","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band orthogonally polarized transmitarray antenna (TA) aperture design scheme featuring a large frequency ratio (FR) is presented. The proposed aperture is implemented by employing two thin Huygens’ elements: glide bilayer-dipole-pair (GBDP) and parallel bilayer-dipole-pairs (PBDP) elements, which exhibit widely varying electrical sizes. Initially, we investigate the effective operating sizes of these two types of Huygens’ elements and observe significant disparities in their operating sizes due to variations in their magneto-electric degeneracy mechanisms. Subsequently, by exploiting the disparity in elements’ effective operating sizes, we arrange the two elements orthogonally within a single aperture, thereby achieving dual-band functionality with a significantly large FR. Furthermore, we design an <italic>X</i>/<italic>Ka</i> dual-band orthogonal linearly polarized TA prototype to verify the advantages offered by our proposed strategy. The GBDP element is employed to modulate the <italic>x</i>-polarized waves in <italic>Ka</i> band, with an electrical size of 0.6<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_h times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.6<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_h times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.18<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_h$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Concurrently, the PBDP element is utilized to modulate the <italic>y</i>-polarized waves in <italic>X</i> band with an electrical size of 0.4<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_l times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.4<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_l times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.06<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{lambda }}_l$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Here, <inline-formula><tex-math>${{{bm{lambda }}}_h}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>${{{bm{lambda }}}_l}$</tex-math></inline-formula> denote the wavelengths corresponding to 30 and 10 GHz, respectively. Measurements indicate that the FR of the dual-band prototype reaches 3, with a 3 dB/1 dB gain bandwidth of 12.6%/4% in <italic>X</i> band and 8.1%/4.7% in <italic>Ka</i> band. The peak gain of the prototype is 22.56/29.73 dBi in <italic>X</i>/<italic>Ka</i> bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"918-922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Retro-Reflective Beamforming for Microwave Power Transmission Utilizing Harmonic Reradiation From Rectifiers","authors":"Yi Jiang;Xin Wang;Huaiqing Zhang;Han Xiong","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521667","url":null,"abstract":"Retro-reflective technology is recognized as an efficient method for controlling microwave power transmission beams. In a standard retro-reflective beamforming setup, the transmitter analyzes a pilot signal emitted by the receiver and then utilizes the phase-conjugation principle to direct a power beam toward the receiver. However, in many practical scenarios, generating the necessary pilot signal can consume power that receivers cannot afford, especially when the receiver's battery is depleted. To address this challenge, a novel approach for generating the pilot signal by harmonic reradiation of an interrogating signal from the microwave power transmitter is proposed. Specifically, the transmitter emits an interrogating signal at half the frequency of the desired microwave power beam. The rectenna in the receiver captures this interrogating signal, and due to the nonlinear characteristics of the rectifying diode in the rectenna, a second harmonic is generated. This second harmonic is then reradiated from the rectenna, serving as the pilot signal, which is in the same frequency as the power beam. In this letter, a rectifier that converts a 2.9 GHz interrogating signal into a 5.8 GHz pilot signal is designed and tested, which achieves a minimum conversion loss of 12 dB. The rectifying efficiency of this rectifier at 5.8 GHz is measured to be 60%. An experiment utilizing this rectifier has been implemented and tested. Results indicate that the rectifier successfully transforms the 2.9 GHz interrogating signal into the 5.8 GHz pilot signal, enabling the power transmitter to accurately direct a 5.8 GHz power beam toward the receiver based on the phase-conjugation principle.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"913-917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Dual Circularly Polarized Transmit Reflect Sparse Metasurface With Independent Bidirectional Quad-Beam","authors":"Yangkun Zhu;Wenquan Cao;Huangshu Zhou;Yixin Tong;Chuang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3519443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3519443","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a broadband dual circularly polarized (CP) transmit reflect sparse metasurface (TRSM) with full-space independent quad-beam control is proposed. The TRSM consists of two types of unit cells with opposite polarization responses. Unit cell 1 transmits right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) waves and reflects left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) waves, while unit cell 2 does the opposite. By employing a sparse array technique based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the positions of two unit cells, the TRSM can independently control quad-beam in full-space when illuminated by a linear polarization (LP) feed source. Experimental results demonstrate maximum gains of 19.16 dBic (LHCP) and 19.32 dBic (RHCP) for the transmitted beams, with wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidths of 44.1% and 48.3%. Similarly, the reflected beams achieve maximum gains of 17.62 dBic (LHCP) and 19.51 dBic (RHCP), with the 3 dB AR bandwidths of 35.3% and 35.4%. The TRSM meets the multi-access and full-coverage requirements of 6G communication networks.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"858-862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sub-6 GHz Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Filtering Antenna","authors":"Hang Yuan;Fu-Chang Chen;Kai-Ran Xiang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521371","url":null,"abstract":"A Sub-6 GHz dual-band dual-polarized filtering antenna is proposed in this letter. It can achieve two wide passbands covering the N77/N79 bands, and realize good filtering response with radiation nulls located at the edges of each passband. By etching the U-shaped slots on the radiators of a basic upstanding half-wavelength dipole antenna, two resonant bands are achieved, together with a radiation null located between two bands. To broaden the bandwidth, a shorter loop-shaped dipole is embedded in the dipole antenna and then another longer loop-shaped dipole is introduced around the dipole antenna, which can create a dual-mode resonance in each band and introduce a radiation null at the higher edge of the higher band (HB) and a radiation null at the lower edge of the lower band (LB). Finally, a parasitic surface is loaded above to improve the impedance matching. To verify the feasibility, the antenna is fabricated and measured, showing that the antenna operates in 3.3 GHz to 4.2 GHz (24%) and 4.8 GHz to 5.4 GHz (11.76%) with an impedance matching level of VSWR < 1.67 and an isolation of 25 dB in LB and HB. In addition, three radiation nulls are generated, achieving a high selectivity in each band.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"908-912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wideband Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis Method Based on Multistage Taylor Expansion","authors":"Kun Fan;Wei Zhou;Guangshang Cheng;Zhixiang Huang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521209","url":null,"abstract":"A fast wideband electromagnetic scattering analysis method based on multistage Taylor expansion (MTE) is proposed. It expands the Green's function with respect to spatial distance and frequency. In terms of spatial distance, through the extraction of the frequency independent terms from the Taylor series in the Green's function, geometrically related preprocessing matrixes can be obtained. In terms of frequency, the impedance matrix and its frequency derivatives can be effectively obtained through multiplying the preprocessing matrixes by propagation constant, significantly enhancing the efficiency of matrix filling during the wideband electromagnetic scattering analysis. By using these preprocessing matrixes, the expanding coefficients of current can be calculated. The coefficients hence obtained will be used to predict the induced current of the object over a wideband frequency range. It avoids the iterative calculation of each frequency point one by one. Numerical results show that the proposed method can efficiently accelerate the wideband electromagnetic scattering analysis.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"903-907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Near-Field Virtual Equivalent Source-Based Iterative Fast Fourier Transform Technique for Pattern Synthesis of Conformal Arrays","authors":"Li Zhao;You-Feng Cheng;Yi-Fan Yang;Cheng Liao","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3520699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3520699","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a far-field pattern synthesis solution for arbitrary conformal arrays employing a near-field virtual equivalent source-based iterative fast Fourier transform (NFVES-IFFT) technique. Far-field calculation of a conformal array is transformed into the pattern-multiplication form by the equivalent sources, and the input-to-pattern forward evaluation is realized and accelerated via the equivalent source expansion and 2-D inverse FFT operation. Contrarily, the pattern-to-input backward calculation is also presented by analyzing the contribution of each type of equivalent source on the far fields at all observation angles and the 3-D FFT technique. An NFVES-IFFT process based on the above forward and backward calculations is further proposed and used to realize pattern synthesis. Representative examples are provided to validate the advantages of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"893-897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of an Arbitrarily Oriented VLF Receiving Linear Antenna in an Anisotropic Magnetoplasma","authors":"Hui Ran Zeng;Tong He;Kai Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3520309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3520309","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we investigate the theory of a very low-frequency (3 kHz to 30 kHz) receiving linear antenna in an anisotropic magnetoplasma. The semi-analytical approach is proposed to calculate the induced current, equivalent generator voltage, equivalent internal impedance, and open-circuit voltage of the antenna in the receiving mode. The integral equation for the induced current on the receiving antenna is derived and solved by considering the even and odd components of the current, the antenna inclination angle relative to the geomagnetic field, and the plasma anisotropy. Computations show that the induced current slightly increases with the incident wave angle and decreases with the antenna inclination angle relative to the geomagnetic field. In addition, the equivalent generator voltage rises with the incident wave angle. For large load resistances, there was no significant difference in open-circuit voltage.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"888-892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cupola-Shaped Multimode Multiport Antenna for Aerial Direction Finding","authors":"Lukas Grundmann;Marc Gerlach;Wolfgang Schäfer;Dirk Manteuffel","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3519709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3519709","url":null,"abstract":"A multimode multiport antenna, consisting of a single conducting structure, is proposed for use with the airborne collision avoidance system. Its cupola-shaped surface is selected from a set of aerodynamically suitable and symmetric structures. The selection is based on a presented statistical evaluation procedure for direction-finding (DF) antennas and algorithms, which predicts the root-mean-square error of the estimation using characteristic modes. A demonstrator antenna and feed network are manufactured, and its three ports are measured in an anechoic chamber. The results match the intended far-fields of an electric monopole and two magnetic dipoles. The presented flight test results show that the antenna is capable of unambiguous DF across the desired angular range in a real-world environment.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"873-877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}