{"title":"Degrees of Freedom From the Six-Polarized MIMO Antenna in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D Scattering Channels","authors":"Dazhi Piao;Xingning Jia;Jiyin Wan;Li Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577750","url":null,"abstract":"Six-polarized (SP) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) channel modeling method in the two-mirror, waveguide and reverberation cavity scenarios are presented based on the theory of image source, through which accurate electromagnetic fields in both the near and far fields can be obtained conveniently. The validity of this channel modeling has been verified by full-wave numerical simulations. Over those channels, channel degrees of freedom (DoF) of the SP MIMO system are investigated with multipath scattering increased gradually from 1-D to 2-D and 3-D space. Results show that, in free space, DoF larger than 3 can only be obtained in the near field, and in the far field it is almost a constant value of 2.5, however, in scattering environment, DoF is greatly increased. Specifically, over a cross section with area of 16 m<sup>2</sup>, separated from the transmitter antenna by 10 wavelengths, in 1-D scattering channel, the maximum DoF can reach 5.50, and its mean value is 4.25. In 2-D and 3-D scattering channels, the maximum DoF is 5.67 and 5.76, and the mean value is 4.70 and 4.93, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2949-2953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Analysis of mm-Wave MIMO Antenna With a UWB AMC","authors":"Rohit Khandekar;Deepika Sipal","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577607","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the design and analysis of an ultrawideband (UWB) artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) aimed to enhance the gain of a UWB millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The AMC features capacitive slots to excite TM20 mode to achieve a phase bandwidth of 14.08 GHz, ranging from 23.49 GHz to 37.57 GHz. A 10 × 10 AMC array is positioned 0.38<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> (<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> is free-space wavelength at 23.27) beneath the MIMO antenna for the gain enhancement. The proposed antenna resonates from 23.27 GHz to 39.3 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 16.03 GHz. The isolation between quad ports is greater than 19.84 dB. The enhanced gain of the proposed MIMO antenna ranges from 8.7 dBi to 12.21 dBi, with maximum gain reaching 12.21 dBi at 31.5 GHz. The proposed antenna shows diverse performance in terms of envelope correlation coefficient < 0.005, channel capacity loss < 0.26 b/s/Hz, and total active reflection coefficient < −10 dB. The size of the proposed antenna is 3.8<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 3.8<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.38<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> only. This makes the proposed antenna suitable for a 5G bastion antenna.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2944-2948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman Mohammed Alnour Ahmed;Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar
{"title":"Ultrathin Independently Controllable Multiband Reflective Polarization Rotator","authors":"Abdulrahman Mohammed Alnour Ahmed;Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577558","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by frequency-selective surface (FSS) design, this letter presents a novel and simple design methodology for multiband reflective polarization rotators (RPRs), enabling independently controllable operating bands, and a compact unit cell. The main concept involves manipulating the current distribution of a loop resonator to convert linearly polarized incident waves into cross-polarized waves upon reflection. The RPR consists of three metal layers separated by two dielectric substrates, featuring a square loop on the top layer and a folded strip line in the middle layer connected by vias. Multiband operation can be achieved by adding extra loops to the top layer, with each loop controlling its own frequency band. As a proof of concept, a dual-band RPR was designed using two square loops on the top layer operating in the [2.02 to 2.26] GHz and [4.12 to 4.48] GHz ranges. The design was extended to a tri-band by adding a third loop, operating at [1.54 to 1.7] GHz, [3.35 to 3.7] GHz, and [5.1 to 5.45] GHz. Thorough discussions of current distribution analysis, and experimental demonstrations are provided. The simulated results are validated through prototype measurements, showing good agreement with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2934-2938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanveer Ahsan;Touhidul Alam;Mohammad Tariqul Islam
{"title":"Micropatterns FSS Optimization Through Hybrid EBPSO Algorithm for C-Band Shielding Applications","authors":"Tanveer Ahsan;Touhidul Alam;Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577244","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a new concept of micropattern frequency selective surface (MFSS) for C-band electromagnetic interference shielding applications. The design consists of 64 microstructures, which are optimally arranged in an 8 × 8 array using a hybrid evolutionary binary particle swarm optimization (EBPSO) algorithm. Microstructures are comprehensively designed and optimized to achieve polarization-insensitive and high oblique incident angle stable characteristics with miniaturized structure. The equilibrium arrangement of the micropattern geometry of the proposed FSS provides a high selective stopband filtering response at 7.39 GHz with an S21< −10 dB stopband bandwidth percentage of 25.64%. The precipitable novelties of this letter are generating micropatterns FSS structure for high shielding effectiveness >70 dB and maintaining patterns symmetry for polarization insensitivity with the miniature structure of 0.18λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.18λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.036λ<sub>0</sub>, where λ<sub>0</sub> corresponds to the lower operating frequency.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2924-2928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyuan Chen;Haohan Xu;Kun-Zhi Hu;Dajiang Li;Dong Yan
{"title":"Broadband Dipole Antenna Array With Multiple Self-Decoupling Nulls","authors":"Zhiyuan Chen;Haohan Xu;Kun-Zhi Hu;Dajiang Li;Dong Yan","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577364","url":null,"abstract":"This letter develops a broadband dipole antenna array with self-decoupling characteristics. A typical dipole antenna is modified by integrating multiple resonators into the antenna element through the incorporation of metallic branches into both the radiating and shorting patches. The multicoupling cancellation can be achieved by meticulously regulating the coupling magnitudes and phases between resonators of adjacent antenna elements. A two-element antenna array is constructed with a center-to-center spacing of 0.46 λ<sub>L</sub>. The simulated results validated an operational bandwidth of 1.7 GHz to 2.2 GHz and in-band mutual coupling level below −25 dB. Furthermore, a 1 × 4 antenna array was constructed and simulated to verify the extensibility of the developed self-decoupled array. A prototype of the 1 × 2 antenna array was fabricated and measured, and excellent consistency between the simulated and measured results was achieved.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2929-2933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Parametric Analytic Manifold Using a Nonlinear Mutual Coupling Model","authors":"Shuoshuo Song;Xiaofeng Ma;Binyun Yan;Ting Shu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576818","url":null,"abstract":"The precise mutual coupling model is the key to obtain an accurate parametric analytic manifold, which is the prerequisite to achieve superresolution direction of arrival estimation and high-precision beamforming. The widely used mutual coupling model is linear and cannot describe the direction-dependent characteristics of mutual coupling, which leads to serious performance deterioration of array signal processing algorithms. In this letter, a new nonlinear mutual coupling model named high-order broad mutual coupling matrix (MCM) is established based on the Taylor expansion to describe the directional-dependent coupling relationship between two adjacent antenna elements. Then, an accurate parametric analytic manifold using a finite-order approximation of the high-order broad MCM is yielded by the antenna pattern reconstruction method. Numerical examples verify that the array manifold reconstruction errors can be reduced exponentially by the proposed parametric analytic manifold. Especially when the piecewise fitting strategy is adopted, the reconstruction errors of the fourth-order approximated analytic manifold can be reduced to less than 1% of those of the conventional array manifold.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2904-2908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accelerating GPU-Based Parallel FDTD With Advanced Operator Fusion","authors":"Siyi Huang;Yu Cheng;Raj Mittra;Xinyue Zhang;Xingqi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577055","url":null,"abstract":"The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one of the most widely used methods for solving Maxwell’s equations, but its efficiency is limited by the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy stability condition. Recent research has extensively explored graphics processing unit (GPU)-based parallel implementations of the FDTD method to enhance computational performance. However, the inherent time-stepping and time-marching nature of the FDTD algorithm leads to frequent kernel launches and low memory efficiency on GPUs, still significantly impacting execution efficiency. This letter proposes a GPU-based FDTD framework enhanced with operator fusion to address this challenge. Within this framework, the FDTD algorithm is represented as a computation graph composed of operators. We classify these operators into different types based on their input and output relationships. Using this type of information, a rule-based strategy is developed to merge the operators into larger computational kernels, effectively enhancing GPU execution efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed operator fusion framework does not introduce additional errors while achieving a 4× speedup compared to conventional GPU-based implementations.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2914-2918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Compact D-Band Multilayer Horn Antenna With Thin 3-D-Printed Lens for Subterahertz Applications","authors":"Bowu Wang;Ziqiao Zhou;Changjiang Deng;Weihua Yu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3577079","url":null,"abstract":"A D-band multilayer metallic horn antenna with a quasi-optically designed lens is proposed in this letter. The horn is formed by vertically stacking several independent metal layers with the specific pattern, with glide-symmetric periodic electromagnetic bandgap between the layers to suppress surface waves. These metal plates are processed by wire-electrode cutting technology and computer numerical control milling. The lens is designed based on the Gaussian beam rule and manufactured by commercial 3-D printing technology. The antenna has been fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the average antenna gain is better than 20 dBi at 120 GHz to 160 GHz, and the antenna gain achieves 22 dBi at 145 GHz. The antenna exhibits wideband and low-cost characteristics, and the miniaturized size makes it easy to integrate into subterahertz application systems.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2919-2923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi-Yu Wang;Ming-Yue Yang;Gao-Qi Dou;Wei Zhou;Da Yi;Ming-Chun Tang;Shi-Min Feng;Tian-Hui Fu;Chen-Peng Dai
{"title":"Rapid Response Design for Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetoelectric Antennas Based on Out-of-Band Attenuation","authors":"Shi-Yu Wang;Ming-Yue Yang;Gao-Qi Dou;Wei Zhou;Da Yi;Ming-Chun Tang;Shi-Min Feng;Tian-Hui Fu;Chen-Peng Dai","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576985","url":null,"abstract":"Portable magnetoelectric antennas (MEAs) are widely utilized in close-range trans-media communication and detection applications due to their high efficiency, strong penetration capability, and remarkable miniaturization. However, under the mechanical excitation mechanism, the magnetic induction intensity and the symbol rate (SR) of the MEA present a mutually exclusive situation. In this letter, a rapid response design of an extremely low-frequency MEA based on out-of-band attenuation is proposed to enhance the SR while maintaining a constant magnetic induction intensity. When the MEA switches states, the proposed design utilizes the signals with frequencies higher than MEA’s operating band to accelerate the damping dissipation, thereby considerably reducing the response time of the MEA. Experimental results demonstrate that with additional power consumption, the response time is reduced by 37.43%, and the SR is increased from 0.056 Bd to 0.089 Bd.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2909-2913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang-Yu Jin;Yong-Gang Zhou;Jian Lou;Huan Liu;Si-Yuan Liu;Shao-Bin Liu
{"title":"A Simple Compact Cross-Band Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Array","authors":"Xiang-Yu Jin;Yong-Gang Zhou;Jian Lou;Huan Liu;Si-Yuan Liu;Shao-Bin Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3576606","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a low-profile, multilayer planar microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array with cross-band frequency reconfigurability. The compact single-port MPA element, sized 7.8 mm × 7.8 mm × 3 mm, operates in the <italic>C</i> and <italic>K<sub>u</sub></i> bands and comprises a driven patch surrounded by five parasitic patches interconnected via four PIN diodes for frequency switching. A compact interelement spacing combined with a novel Γ-shaped coupled-feed structure is utilized to harness mutual coupling, thereby extending the attainable frequency reconfiguration range. An 8 × 8 antenna array was fabricated and experimentally characterized, demonstrating central operating frequencies of 4.9 GHz and 17.8 GHz in two distinct reconfigurable states. The design achieves a frequency reconfiguration ratio of 4.06:1, covering a total frequency reconfigurability span of 14 GHz across noncontiguous bands. Measured results show strong agreement with simulations, validating the proposed concept.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"2894-2898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}