Geon Park;Sirous Bahrami;Bumhyun Kim;Jeonghyo Lee;Dongseop Lee;Wonbin Hong
{"title":"Compact Dual-Band Filtering Antenna With Wide Stopband Characteristics Using Proximity-Coupled Feeding at 28 GHz and 38 GHz","authors":"Geon Park;Sirous Bahrami;Bumhyun Kim;Jeonghyo Lee;Dongseop Lee;Wonbin Hong","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523535","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of via-less dual-band wide-stopband filtering antenna is proposed. The proposed topology is based on a stacked patch antenna structure, which is excited using a proximity-coupled line. The antenna structure is composed of a square patch, capacitive parasitic elements, radiating parasitic elements, and a parallel strip line (PSL). To maintain compactness, the proposed antenna design utilizes multifunctional capacitive parasitic elements. These elements radiate at 28 GHz and generate two radiation nulls at 31.5 GHz and 55.5 GHz for interference suppression. To improve the selectivity and out-of-band rejection performance of the filtering antenna, additional nulls are introduced via the PSL and parasitic elements. Prototypes of a single element and a 1 × 4 antenna array are fabricated and measured for validation. The measured results of the single element confirm a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 27.8 GHz to 29.7 GHz and 37.2 GHz to 39.7 GHz. The realized gain is ascertained to be 6.32 dBi and 5.66 dBi at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The suppression levels between the operating frequency bands and upper stopband are better than −18.4 dB and −17.4 dB, respectively. The measured 1 × 4 antenna array achieves a peak gain of 9.8 dBi at 28 GHz and 10.8 dBi at 38 GHz, respectively.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"988-992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decoupling of Tightly Placed Square Patch Antenna Pairs With Different Performances by a Simple and Compact Structure","authors":"Qianwen Liu;Lei Zhu;Wen-Jun Lu;Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523392","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a simple and compact decoupling structure is presented, which is embedded at the center of the antenna pair without the demand of extra space. It is composed of only one small metal pad and one via hole, and its working mechanism is clearly explained with resorting to the equivalent circuit model. The metal pad works with the patches to function as the parallel plate capacitors, while the via hole can be modeled as an inductor. The circuit analysis reveals that the transmission zero can be produced with the proposed decoupling structure. On this basis, one square patch antenna pair with 0° polarization, as well as two 45° polarized antenna pairs operating with single and dual resonant modes, respectively, are constructed. These three design examples demonstrate that the proposed decoupling structure is equipped with its powerful ability in strong-coupling suppression and is available for antenna pairs with different polarizations and resonant performances. The measured results of the 45° polarized dual-mode antenna pair indicate that an impedance bandwidth of 6% is realized with the low profile of 0.0325 free-space wavelength (<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub>), while the isolation is remarkably enhanced from 4.5 dB to 20.0 dB within the passband with the edge-to-edge spacing of 1.5 mm (0.015<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub>) and center-to-center spacing of 32.5 mm (0.325<italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub>).","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"968-972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Self-Calibration O/X-Mode Separation Method for Ionosonde","authors":"Haotian Hu;Tongxin Liu;Guobin Yang;Chongzhe Lao;Chunhua Jiang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522886","url":null,"abstract":"Radio waves in the ionosphere propagate in two modes: ordinary (O) and extraordinary (X). Accurate parameter inversion necessitates their separation. This letter proposes a self-calibrating O/X-mode separation method. By focusing on the higher-frequency branches beyond the overlap point of the F2 layer O/X traces, a direct iterative optimization method is used to determine phase-shift and amplitude compensation parameters for mode synthesis. By tracking diurnal variation characteristics of ionograms and extrapolating predictions, the parameters across the whole frequency bands can be determined. Comparing with the traditional separation method, this method is independent of antenna type and alignment, requires no internal or external calibration source, and can provide real-time calibration updates.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"953-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Linear Polarization-Adjustable Spherical Array Antenna","authors":"Xing Chen;Shixing Yu;Na Kou","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523067","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a linear-polarization direction adjustable spherical array antenna. A spherical surface is subdivided into a 92-faced polyhedron. The linear-polarized E-shaped slot microstrip antenna is placed on the subdivided planar polygon. By rotating the antenna elements on the subdivided planes, the polarization directions of these antenna elements can maintain relatively consistent according to the desired direction. To avoid beam distortion during large-angle scanning, we only activate the antenna elements located near the main beam direction. Simulated and measured results both confirm that the spherical array antenna can generate stable steering beams with gain variation of less than 2 dBi when the scanning angle <italic>θ</i><sub>0</sub> varies from 0° to 90°. Additionally, the cross-polarization level remains below 16.3 dBi compared with the copolarized maximum gain. The proposed design can provide a reference for radar and military wireless communication platforms in the future.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"958-962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fast Method for Predicting Radio Waves Propagation Over Rough Sea Surfaces","authors":"Pengcheng Zhao;Lixin Guo;Zhongyu Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3523423","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a fast method to predict the long distance propagation of radio waves over rough sea surfaces. This method is based on a reasonable setting of the horizontal step for the parabolic equation model with the staircase terrain approach. The critical horizontal range where the effect of sea surface roughness is negligible is determined by analyzing the shadowed roughness reduction factor. A small horizontal step is used in the parabolic equation model when the receiver range is smaller than the critical range, and a large horizontal step is used otherwise. Not only do the propagation factors obtained by the parabolic equation model with nonuniform horizontal steps agree very well with those obtained using the small uniform step, but the computational time for the former is roughly an order of magnitude smaller relative to the latter. In addition, we confirm that the altitudes of minima and maxima of average propagation factor obtained from the parabolic equation model are close to those from the two-ray model as well as the rigorous method of moments.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"973-977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Analytical Design Strategy for High-Gain Nonresonant Partially-Reflective-Surface Antennas","authors":"Xiaodong Zheng;Yuehe Ge;Guowei Li;Ziheng Zhou;Ladislau Matekovits;Zhizhang Chen","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3521031","url":null,"abstract":"Nonresonant partially-reflective-surface (PRS) antennas (PRSAs) offer high-gain performance, but their design typically requires extensive electromagnetic simulations to obtain near-field phase distributions, leading to time-consuming processes, especially for complex or large antennas. This letter presents a novel analytical design method that significantly simplifies the design of phase-correcting surfaces (PCSs) for nonresonant PRSAs. By introducing a new design strategy based on a ray-tracing approach, we derive a set of analytical formulas for two PCS configurations: one utilizing a single superstrate that integrates both PRS and PCS functionalities, and another employing distinct PRS and PCS layers. Using these formulas, we designed two non resonant PRSAs, and both simulated and experimental results demonstrate comparable gain performance to those obtained using Ansys HFSS. This approach reduces the dependence on computationally intensive simulations, offering a more efficient pathway for the design of high-performance nonresonant PRSAs, thereby advancing the accessibility and practicality of antenna design methodologies.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"898-902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-Efficient Higher-Order PML Using Bilinear Transform Without Altering Standard FDTD Formulas","authors":"Kun-Lai Li;Yongliang Zhang;Zhengpeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522353","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an efficient higher-order (HO) perfectly matched layer (PML) algorithm based on the bilinear transform (BT) method for truncating finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) lattices. By rearranging the PML tensors, the resulting update formulas become a combination of standard FDTD formulas and PML auxiliary variables, ensuring that the PML implementation does not alter the standard FDTD formulas. This approach makes the proposed HO-PML algorithm completely independent of the update formulas in the host computational domain at the code level, earning it the name BT-HO-iPML. Additionally, a memory-reducing algorithm is developed by splitting the HO difference equations according to each time step and applied to the BT-HO-iPML. Furthermore, to maintain consistency throughout the computational domain, the BT method is also applied to discretize the constitutive relation equation between electric flux density D and the electric field intensity E, which is characterized by simplicity of derivation and can model general media. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the BT-HO-iPML has the advantages of being time-saving and universal while having good broadband absorption performance.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"948-952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruonan Chen;Cedric W. L. Lee;Peng Khiang Tan;Rajbala Solanki;Theng Huat Gan
{"title":"High-Efficiency Metalens Antenna Design Through a ControlNet Diffusion Generation Model","authors":"Ruonan Chen;Cedric W. L. Lee;Peng Khiang Tan;Rajbala Solanki;Theng Huat Gan","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522289","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a ControlNet stable diffusion-based method for the inverse design of a high efficiency metalens antenna. This marks the first application of a text and image fine-tuning generative deep-learning model in metalens design, offering high design freedom with more diversity and precise control. The design process involves dataset generation, electromagnetic simulation, feature encoding, training, unit cell generation, and metalens design. The generated unit cells demonstrate a phase range of 290<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> and high transmission magnitudes over 0.88, with 66% exceeding 0.95. A three-layer metalens antenna with an f/D ratio of 0.5, formed using the generated unit cells and a feeding horn, achieves a gain of 28.1 dBi and an efficiency of 51.4%, nearing the theoretical limit of 63.7%, and maintains minimal side-lobe levels of −22.3 dB and −22.7 dB in the <inline-formula><tex-math>$phi =0^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math>$phi =90^circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> planes.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"938-942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Modified Compact UWB Directional Bow-Tie Antenna for Underwater GPR","authors":"Jisheng Tong;Jianjian Huo;Jun Luo;Cheng Guo;Qing Zhao;Yong-Xin Guo","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522321","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a modified compact ultrawideband directional bow-tie antenna is designed and used for underwater ground-penetrating radar measurement. The antenna features a compact size of 89 mm × 89 mm × 50 mm, achieved through the use of a crescent-shaped, double-layer patch structure and a cylindrical reflective cavity with grooves. In addition, a novel electromagnetic wave-absorbed medium is presented and filled within the reflective cavity, improving the time-domain performance of the antenna. The assembled antenna was measured in an artificial lake. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has a wide operating band of 157 MHz to 600 MHz, and a gain of 2.76 dBi to 7.77 dBi in the main-lobe direction. Furthermore, a field radar experiment is also conducted in the lake. The radar image shows a clear target response, indicating that the antenna can be used well for underwater detection.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"943-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Analytical Solution of Channel Spatial Correlation for Efficient MIMO OTA Testing","authors":"Changsheng Zhao;Heng Wang;Lei Tian;Yuxiang Zhang;Zhenyun Hu;Xiaohang Yang;Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3522241","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an analytical (closed-form) expression for computing the channel spatial correlation in multiple-input–multiple-output over-the-air (OTA) testing. Specifically, by leveraging the Jacobi–Anger expansion, the target channel spatial correlation can be accurately characterized using finite-order Bessel functions. Compared to conventional approaches that require complex integration to determine the channel spatial correlation, the proposed method significantly reduces computation time with minimal impact on accuracy. This improvement is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of OTA testing, especially in dynamic channel scenarios where spatial correlation must be calculated for each snapshot. Simulation results show that our method can reduce computation time to 1.4% of that required by the conventional integration method while achieving more than 99.99% computational accuracy.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 4","pages":"933-937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}