Ecological Modelling最新文献

{"title":"Research on the uncertainty analysis of the carbon peak and pivotal influencing factors for provincial agriculture in China","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Pan ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A scientific assessment of provincial agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) trends is an essential component for achieving China's \"dual carbon\" goals. This study aims to investigate the coordinated relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and economic growth, thereby laying a foundation for China's green socio-economic transformation. First, by employing spatial autocorrelation and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, we identify the spatial patterns of ACE and classify the development stages of the provinces. Second, by integrating the Tapio decoupling model with Markov chains, we reveal the dynamic evolutionary paths and stability of the agricultural \"carbon economy\" decoupling status. Finally, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition is utilized to quantitatively identify the key driving factors affecting the decoupling process. The results show that China's provincial ACE exhibit significant and persistent spatial agglomeration characteristics. The provinces can be classified into six distinct development stages, with Group AP IV having entered a potential carbon peaking period, whereas some major agricultural production areas still face formidable emission reduction challenges. Provinces widely face a high-probability risk of reverting from a state of strong decoupling to an unfavorable one. Even for provinces with peaking potential, the probability of maintaining strong decoupling is merely 67.6 %, while for major agricultural production areas, the probability of status deterioration is as high as 71.7 %, suggesting that China's agricultural low-carbon transition predominantly follows an extensive dynamic path. Energy Utilization Efficiency (EUE) is the most critical driving force in promoting agricultural carbon decoupling, and across all regional groups, the enhancement of EUE plays a dominant role in emission reduction. This study extends the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of agricultural 'carbon-economy' decoupling, provides a scientific basis for the formulation of regionally differentiated agricultural low-carbon policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ecological restoration outcomes in historical mine sites: Landscape connectivity and ecosystem service changes in the Xiang River Basin, China","authors":"Pengfei Zheng ,&nbsp;Shiming Tang ,&nbsp;Jibin Dai ,&nbsp;Chuanwen Guo ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Maosheng Mi ,&nbsp;Haizhu Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration in degraded mining areas is essential for improving ecosystem functions and promoting sustainable development in resource-dependent regions. However, integrated assessments of restoration outcomes remain limited, particularly in historically disturbed mine sites. These legacy sites often span large areas and face complex ecological challenges, making it critical to evaluate whether restoration efforts have effectively improved ecological structure and function. This study evaluates restoration outcomes at 756 historical mine sites in the Xiang River Basin from 2000 to 2020, focusing on four key ecosystem services: water yield, water purification, soil retention, and carbon sequestration. The evaluation is based on a systematic framework that incorporates three analytical dimensions: landscape pattern evolution, ecosystem service changes, and spatial coupling with key ecological spaces. Our results showed that landscape fragmentation around 84 % of mine sites was significantly reduced, with patch structures becoming more integrated and regular, particularly in areas with dense mine site distributions. Nevertheless, overall landscape connectivity and system stability remained relatively low. In terms of ecosystem services, 52 % of mine sites has experienced a decline in service capacity, with water yield and water purification services in the middle and lower reaches of the basin showing the most notable deterioration. Encouragingly, restoration efforts at several critical ecological nodes have achieved substantial outcomes, demonstrating the potential of precision-based ecological interventions and offering valuable experience for future regional ecological recovery. This study provides empirical evidence and a practical framework for implementing spatially targeted mine restoration strategies in watershed-scale planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment transport modeling in Lake Ontario embayments: Impacts on fish spawning substrates","authors":"Ali Kheiri ,&nbsp;Joseph F. Atkinson ,&nbsp;Zhenduo Zhu ,&nbsp;Lucas Le Tarte ,&nbsp;Brian Weidel","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenically-driven sedimentation changes have had adverse environmental impacts on aquatic environments, including reductions in fish spawning habitats in embayments worldwide. This study was motivated by the need to understand the impacts of waves and current-driven sedimentation patterns on traditional spawning areas and their effect on sustainable fish reproduction in the Great Lakes. Coupled hydrodynamic, wave, and sediment transport models were developed within the Delft3D-SWAN (DS) framework to predict sedimentation patterns in two embayments in Lake Ontario, Sodus Bay and Chaumont Bay, that have been historically important fish spawning habitats. These bays, with distinct geomorphic characteristics and connectivity to Lake Ontario, offer an opportunity to examine how wind-generated waves and currents impact bed shear stress and subsequent sedimentation patterns. Areas experiencing greater wave-induced bed shear stress were identified and compared between the two bays. Simulated sediment transport patterns showed notable erosion near the lake-bay connections and increased deposition in the inner areas of both embayments. Observed Cisco embryo deposition corresponded to regions of high sheer stress and lower sedimentation, indicating physical attributes in those areas that are important for embryo survival. These results show where sediment settling and erosion occur in the two bays and highlight potential impacts on traditional spawning areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the suitability of NPP simulation for subtropical forest ecosystems by calibrating the Biome-BGC model: An empirical study at interannual and inter-monthly scales","authors":"Xu Song ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhou ,&nbsp;Ruichang Shen ,&nbsp;Liliang Xu ,&nbsp;Fangqing Hu ,&nbsp;Zeyang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Bofu Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subtropical forest ecosystems play a crucial part in the global carbon cycle, and accurately simulating the spatio-temporal distribution of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is essential for a comprehensive grasp of the carbon balance dynamics in this region. In this study, based on remote sensing observations of NPP, we calibrated specific vegetation ecophysiological parameters required for simulating NPP in four forest types using the Biome-BGC model. Subsequently, the calibrated model was employed to simulate the spatio-temporal distribution of annual and monthly NPP within forest ecosystem of the Poyang Lake Basin (PYLB) in the subtropical region from 1960 to 2022. The results demonstrate that the calibrated model efficiently overcomes the constraints observed in both the original model and the model based on measured physiological parameters, which exhibited significant overestimation or underestimation of forest NPP in certain months. Over the last 63 years, the average forest NPP shows a spatial gradient at the interannual scale, peaking in the southern area and declining to the north. However, when examined at the inter-monthly scale, the monthly average NPP from April to October exhibited a spatial pattern similar between the northern and southern regions. The multi-year average NPPs of Evergreen Needleleaf Forests (ENF), Evergreen Broadleaf Forests (EBF), Deciduous Broadleaf Forests (DBF), and Shrubs were 656.83, 660.83, 660.00, and 403.07 g C <em>m</em>⁻² year⁻¹, respectively. For ENF, EBF, and Shrub, their trends of the average NPPs were essentially the same as those of the months. However, the trend of NPP fluctuation with month was significantly larger for DBF, with the mean NPP being highest from May to August (80–102 g C <em>m</em>⁻² month⁻¹) and lowest from December to March (≈ 0 g C <em>m</em>⁻² month⁻¹). Distinct spatial patterns of forest NPP have been identified at both the inter-monthly and interannual scales in subtropical forest ecosystems of China. Additionally, our methodology can provide a valuable reference for assessing the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon equilibrium in forest ecosystems across other regions around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting trajectories of Southern Resident killer whales with stochastic movement models incorporating direction modification","authors":"Teng-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Michael Dowd ,&nbsp;Ruth Joy","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal movement forecasting is a novel area in ecological modelling that can significantly aid marine coastal management and facilitate timely conservation actions, particularly for endangered species. Animal movement modelling research has focused largely on statistical inference for long-term spatial distributions of animal movement and changes in behavioural states, with relatively little attention being given to short-term animal movement forecasting. We propose a straightforward forecasting framework that employs a continuous-time Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (O–U) velocity process as the foundation for a movement forecast system. Specifically, we incorporate a direction modification method to ensure directional persistence and to guide the movement towards preferred historical locations and pathways. We demonstrate our forecasting methods using movement data from 11 years of Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW) movement data. We evaluate its forecasting performance on a historical trajectory of the SRKW. The resultant ensemble forecast outcome defines a 90% probability region indicating the most likely region where animals may be found for a specific forecast horizon. Our stochastic dynamic framework successfully predicts an SRKW trajectory up to three hours ahead with incoming observations covered by our 90% probability regions. This shows the approach is suitable for our conservation objectives of using short-term SRKW forecasts to aid in dynamic management of marine traffic and to reduce whale-vessel interactions. Importantly, our forecasting framework is versatile and can be readily applied to a wide range of animal species, provided there is a historical trajectory database available. It can be initiated with observed locations and conducted in real time for ecological management plans, and it can also be integrated into data-assimilative forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatially-explicit stochastic model for the Gulf Coast Tick","authors":"Azmy S. Ackleh ,&nbsp;Sankar Sikder ,&nbsp;Ursula Trigos-Raczkowski ,&nbsp;Amy Veprauskas ,&nbsp;Holly Gaff","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tick ecology is complicated and has many potentially negative effects including disease transmission, host population declines, altered dynamics, and cascading interactions that disrupt entire ecological systems. Such negative effects could be mitigated through a careful analysis and understanding of how ticks disperse over a landscape. In this paper we develop a stage-structured spatially-explicit stochastic model for the Gulf Coast Tick (GCT), <em>Amblyomma maculatum</em>. In this model, each tick individual belongs to one of four developmental stages: egg, larvae, nymph, or adult. We divide a 2-dimensional landscape into discrete spatial patches and model two types of tick movement across these patches: (1) <em>active</em> where ticks use their own energy to move about or (2) <em>passive</em> where ticks move about through host movement. Using a two-dimensional grid landscape and incorporating demographic stochasticity, we investigate tick invasion across the landscape, including invasion speed, the significance of environmental variability, and the effect of heterogeneous habitats on invasion. We also highlight the significant impact that adult ticks have on invasion and suggest control mechanisms to alleviate the negative impacts of the tick invasion. This model can be adapted to apply to various tick species to study geographic range expansion scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the impact of flushing on a lake meta-ecosystem using PCLakeS+","authors":"Lilith Kramer ,&nbsp;Johanna Reineke ,&nbsp;Dianneke van Wijk ,&nbsp;Harry Boonstra ,&nbsp;Wouter Patberg ,&nbsp;Janine Rüegg ,&nbsp;Tineke A. Troost ,&nbsp;Wolf M. Mooij ,&nbsp;Sven Teurlincx","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing effective management strategies for lake networks is challenging as nutrient dynamics within a lake can be complex and nonlinear, and potentially cause spatial cascades. The recently developed lake meta-ecosystem model PCLakeS+ can aid in finding such management strategies. Here, we present the first real-world application of PCLakeS+ on the Frisian Lake Network, a lake meta-ecosystem located in the North of the Netherlands. We aim to 1) evaluate the performance of the PCLakeS+ model against empirical data, and 2) explore the long-term impacts of an experimental flushing scheme on the lake ecosystem status and network wide nutrient retention of the Frisian Lakes. We showed that model performance fitted reasonably well with measured water quality indicators in the lake, especially given uncertainties in water flows. We found that deriving the required water flows to simulate a meta-ecosystem network was not easily accomplished in relatively complex and heavily managed lake networks, even though a detailed hydrodynamic model was available. In terms of management, we found that the long-term application of the flushing scheme alone would not suffice to initiate an ecosystem state change to a clear, macrophyte dominated system in all lakes but one. Rather, we found that the flushing scheme would increase the nutrient transport towards the Northern regions of the system, as nutrient retention capacity of the lakes in the network was limited. Our lake network model application revealed the importance of additional management measures to achieve desirable environmental outcomes in the Frisian Lake Network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Ecological Networks to Foster Regional Economic Sustainability: source identification in the Longdong Loess Plateau using self-organizing map and complex network theory","authors":"Liyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Said Khalfa Brika ,&nbsp;Ling lui","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing robust ecological networks (ENs) is critical for sustaining ecosystem function and biodiversity in the ecologically vulnerable Loess Hills of the Central Yellow River Basin—a region increasingly fragmented by intensive agriculture and infrastructure expansion. Conventional methods for identifying ecological sources often depend on weighted overlays of ecosystem services (ESs), introducing subjectivity and limiting replicability. To address this, the present study combines a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural clustering model with complex network analysis to identify ecological sources and enhance overall network structure. Using a 50 km² threshold to define ecologically functional patches, the analysis identified 42 ecological sources—comprising 23 climate regulation-type sources and 19 agricultural provisioning-type sources—accounting for 26.8 % of the total landscape. These nodes were connected through 91 ecological corridors, which were classified into three types: 26 climate corridors, 29 provisioning corridors, and 36 integrated multifunctional corridors. Following optimization, the network exhibited a 6.5-fold increase in total source area and a 2.7-fold rise in corridor density. Quantitative improvements in structural indices were observed, including increased connectivity (α rising from 0.51 to 0.68), greater complexity (β from 1.81 to 2.34), and higher efficiency (γ from 0.69 to 0.82). Robustness simulations under both random and targeted disturbances demonstrated significant gains in network resilience after the addition of eight strategic corridors guided by node betweenness centrality. This research introduces a transferable, data-driven framework that merges machine learning and systems theory for ecological network construction, with implications for spatial planning and environmental resilience in erosion-prone, agriculturally dominated landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing for heterogeneity reduces fire risk in boreal forest landscapes—A model analysis","authors":"Yuval R. Zelnik ,&nbsp;Samuli Launiainen ,&nbsp;Giulia Vico","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boreal forests are susceptible to direct and indirect human impacts, which are intensified by climate change. Amidst these challenges, wildfires are increasingly shaping forest dynamics. Boreal forest management must be adapted to mitigate such risks. It is still unclear whether management practices such as using smaller stands, species mixtures and avoiding ditching can effectively mitigate wildfires. We develop a cellular-automata simulation approach and couple it with minimalist litter and plant water balance models to examine the influence of stand size, species composition (conifers vs. broadleaf-deciduous species), and ditching impact on fire spread. We find that smaller forest stand sizes greatly reduce landscape fire risk, where for instance, decreasing stand size from 100 to 1 hectares leads to a fivefold reduction in fire risk. Diversifying tree species composition and avoiding landscape ditching can further reduce fire risk, especially when stand size is large. The effect of forest heterogeneity on fire risk is comparable to that of variability of environmental factors such as air humidity, highlighting the importance and potential of forest heterogeneity in fire mitigation. Our model allows us to explore the complex interactions that govern wildfire behavior in intensively managed boreal landscapes, supporting wildfire risk assessments and informing the development of more sustainable and climate resilient forest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting of factors influencing carbon emission from land-use in Liaoning Province, China, under the “double carbon” target","authors":"Ai-Ya Qiu ,&nbsp;Heng Yue ,&nbsp;Ze You ,&nbsp;Hao An","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global warming, research on the association between land cover change and carbon emissions can offer a theoretical foundation for resource management and decision-making regarding green, low-carbon, and sustainable development. In this study, we computed carbon emissions from land-use (CELU) in Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2020 and categorized the carbon emission risk levels. Subsequently, we used the logarithmic mean divisia index model to identify the carbon emission drivers in each city. Finally, we used the PLUS and grey prediction models to forecast carbon emissions in 2030 under different scenarios. The total carbon emissions in Liaoning Province from 2000 to 2020 increased, with construction land being the main determinant; the spatial distribution and risk of CELU were characterized by a “double core” pattern. The degree of social development and scale of construction land had a positive impact on the increase in net carbon emissions. In contrast, carbon emission intensity and land-use efficiency had a negative, inhibitory effect. Of the calculations of carbon emissions from different scenarios, the economic development scenario has the highest total carbon emission of 327,642,300 tons. In the future, attention should be focused on adjusting the industrial layout and optimizing the land-use structure to attain a balanced, regional carbon equilibrium and green development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51043,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Modelling","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 111255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}