Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Migratory Connectivity and Non-Breeding Habitat Segregation Across Biogeographical Scales in Closely Related Seabird Taxa","authors":"Virginia Morera-Pujol,&nbsp;Paulo Catry,&nbsp;Maria Magalhães,&nbsp;Clara Péron,&nbsp;José Manuel Reyes-González,&nbsp;José Pedro Granadeiro,&nbsp;Teresa Militão,&nbsp;Maria P. Dias,&nbsp;Daniel Oro,&nbsp;José Manuel Igual,&nbsp;Giacomo Dell'Omo,&nbsp;Martina Müller,&nbsp;Vitor H. Paiva,&nbsp;Benjamin Metzger,&nbsp;Verónica Neves,&nbsp;Joan Navarro,&nbsp;Georgios Karris,&nbsp;Stavros Xirouchakis,&nbsp;Jacopo G. Cecere,&nbsp;José Manuel Zamora-Marín,&nbsp;Manuela G. Forero,&nbsp;Isabel Afán,&nbsp;Ridha Ouni,&nbsp;Mohamed Salah Romdhane,&nbsp;Fernanda De Felipe,&nbsp;Zuzana Zajková,&nbsp;Marta Cruz-Flores,&nbsp;David Grémillet,&nbsp;Jacob González-Solís,&nbsp;Raül Ramos","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In highly mobile species, Migratory Connectivity (MC) has relevant consequences in population dynamics, genetic mixing, conservation and management. Additionally, in colonially breeding species, the maintenance of the breeding geographical structure during the non-breeding period, that is, a strong MC, can promote isolation and population divergence, which ultimately can affect the process of lineage sorting. In geographically structured populations, studying the MC and differences in environmental preferences among colonies, populations, or taxa can improve our understanding of the ecological divergence among them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the MC and non-breeding ecological niche of three seabird taxa from the genus <i>Calonectris</i> (<i>n</i> = 805 individuals). Using 1346 year-round trips from 34 different breeding colonies, we assess the level (from taxa to colony) at which MC and non-breeding spatial and environmental segregation emerge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At a taxon level, we found a clear difference in the non-breeding distributions between Cory's (<i>C. borealis</i>) and Scopoli's (<i>C. diomedea</i>) shearwaters, and a clear ecological divergence between Cory's and Cape Verde (<i>C. edwardsii</i>) shearwaters. At an intermediate aggregation level, we found that birds breeding in proximity had similar non-breeding habitat preferences, while birds breeding in very distant colonies (and therefore classified in different populations) had different non-breeding habitat preferences. Furthermore, within each taxon, we found more structure (i.e. stronger MC) and non-breeding divergence at an intermediate aggregation level than at the colony scale, where MC was weak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that conspecifics from nearby colonies mix in common non-breeding areas, but not with birds from more distant colonies or different taxa. These results support the need for management and conservation strategies that take into account this structure when dealing with migratory species with high connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Cover and Area Influence Bird Biodiversity in Geographically Isolated Wetlands","authors":"Jackson Barratt Heitmann,&nbsp;Brittany M. Mason,&nbsp;Corey T. Callaghan","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geographically isolated wetlands, wetlands surrounded by upland habitat, harbour high amounts of bird biodiversity but are rapidly being lost across the United States. Yet, we do not know which characteristics, such as wetland area or land cover, influence the level of bird biodiversity supported. We assessed the influence of wetland area and local (size of the wetland, 0.001–4.20 km²) and landscape (25 km) land cover on bird biodiversity in geographically isolated wetlands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conterminous United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified the impacts of the wetland area and different land cover on overall bird species richness and richness estimates within five functional groups. We integrated 207 geographically isolated wetlands, selected based on eBird sampling locations with over 100 total checklists. We computed land cover metrics within wetland sites and landscape buffers (25 km) around each site. Using a generalised linear modelling approach, we examined how species richness was impacted by area and six remotely sensed land cover variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species richness increased with area for all species and functional groups of birds, but aquatic (e.g., ducks) and terrestrial (e.g., wading birds) functional groups had the steepest species–area slopes. Constructed wetlands exhibited a steeper species–area relationship slope compared to natural wetlands. Species richness was negatively correlated with built land cover at the local and landscape scales and was positively associated with flooded vegetation at the local scale and grass cover at the local and landscape scales. All functional group richness estimates responded negatively to build land cover but showed unique responses in their associations with other land cover variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthropogenic disturbance at the local and landscape scales significantly reduces species richness. Land managers looking to create or restore wetlands, which have steeper species–area curves, should consider local-scale management changes in flooded vegetation or grass cover to improve habitat for birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Biotic Homogenisation Patterns due to Urbanisation Are Taxon-Dependent","authors":"Yuki Iwachido,&nbsp;Sumire Yamamoto,&nbsp;Xi Sun,&nbsp;Takehiro Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accelerated urbanisation poses a major threat to global biodiversity. However, few studies have explored patterns of temporal biotic homogenisation due to urbanisation across multiple taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tokyo, Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the temporal changes in species richness and composition in 15 remnant green spaces across the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, focusing on native species of three taxa (plants: 15 sites, birds: 7 sites and butterflies: 7 sites). First, we compared gamma diversity and species composition (dispersion and composition) between two surveys at a regional scale that included all study sites. Furthermore, we assessed temporal change in alpha diversity (species richness over time) and temporal beta diversity (changes in species composition over time) at each green space. We also clarified the relationships between those indices and environmental variables. To determine the species more impacted by urbanisation, we examined the relationship between the rate of species loss and their traits related to dispersal and adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gamma diversity decreased from the first to the second survey regardless of taxa. However, the pattern of temporal diversity changes due to urbanisation varied among taxa. For plants, temporal changes in alpha diversity decreased with the number of years between surveys. For birds, temporal beta diversity increased with the number of years between surveys. For butterflies, the dispersion of species composition at the regional scale decreased slightly from the first to the second survey. Annual herb and water-dispersal plant species, as well as bird species with higher diet specialisation, were more prone to loss due to urbanisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrate that patterns of temporal biotic homogenisation due to urbanisation vary among taxa. Therefore, enhancing species diversity within each green space and promoting species composition differences among green spaces are necessary to maximise multi-taxa diversity in urban areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple, Quantitative Determination of the Appropriate Duration of Site Closure to Improve Occupancy Modelling for Nomadic Species","authors":"Garrett Erickson-Harris,&nbsp;Connor M. Wood,&nbsp;Kristin M. Brunk","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occupancy models are ubiquitous in ecological and biogeographical applications, but they rely upon an assumption of site closure that is sometimes applied across many weeks or even months. Nomadic species challenge this approach because they are likely to exhibit within-season movements that violate the assumption of closure. Assuming closure for nomadic species across a full season likely results in depressed estimates of detection probability and inflated estimates of occupancy that can obscure important habitat associations. However, selecting an appropriate duration over which to assume site closure can also be a challenge, especially with continuous survey methods, like acoustic surveys or camera traps, where ‘surveys’ and ‘seasons’ can be ambiguous.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a simple framework for quantitatively assessing the most appropriate duration over which to assume site closure by directly comparing models with differing season lengths. We demonstrate our framework using simulated data, as well as a passive acoustic monitoring dataset of a nomadic bird, the Clark's nutcracker, collected during one summer across over 25,000 km² of the Sierra Nevada, California. We applied dynamic occupancy models to data collected during a single calendar season to optimise the occupancy approach for the nutcracker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used our method to select an appropriate duration over which to assume site closure for the Clark's nutcracker, and our simulations indicated that this method is robust under a variety of scenarios. Our empirical and simulated results suggest that quantitatively determining the duration of the closure assumption can enable a more accurate understanding of the population dynamics and habitat use of nomadic species, especially when surveys are conducted with emerging continuous, or near-continuous monitoring technologies. Our relatively simple framework can be used to improve occupancy modelling for other nomadic species, which will ultimately improve the efficacy of conservation measures taken to protect these species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13912 “A race against extinction: The challenge to overcome the Linnean amphibian shortfall in tropical biodiversity hotspots” by Carné et al. A Malagasy treefrog from the genus <i>Boophis</i> (<i>B. aff. madagascariensis</i>) recorded in Marojejy National Park, Northern Madagascar. Image Credit: Albert Carné.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeographic Patterns of Iranian Lepidoptera: A Framework for Conservation","authors":"Sajad Noori,&nbsp;Dennis Rödder,&nbsp;Gholam Hosein Yusefi,&nbsp;Oliver Hawlitschek,&nbsp;Dominic Wanke,&nbsp;Martin Husemann,&nbsp;Hossein Rajaei","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The contact zone of three zoogeographic realms, the Palearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Oriental, is an evolutionary cradle of high species richness and endemism in Iran. In this study, we investigate statistically inferred bioregions of Lepidoptera in this region. Additionally, we assess species turnover and potential conservation gaps across the defined bioregions in this country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iran.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lepidoptera.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential ranges of Lepidopteran species were estimated using species distribution modelling and masking unsuitable ecosystem patches within a Minimum Convex Polygon, utilising the most comprehensive dataset available for the group to address the knowledge gaps in their known distribution. A presence/absence matrix was generated to define bioregions using clustering- and network-based methods. We then assessed the faunistic relationships of the defined bioregions and the degree of coverage of these regions by the network of protected areas (PAs) within the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite some differences, the presence of five main bioregions for Lepidoptera was suggested by both clustering- and network-based methods. Beyond this, six and seven small zones were detected respectively, on the overlapping areas of major bioregions as potential transition zones. Ultimately, we found an uneven distribution and extensive gap of PAs across the detected bioregions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study suggest a crucial transitional position of Iran between three main global zoogeographic realms. While similar to the results of the clustering-based method, the bioregions detected by the network-based method are more compatible with previously identified ecoregions, macrobioclimates and phytogeographical regions of the country. The most diverse defined bioregions and transition zones in this study are on average protected by less than 10% of their total areas. Further studies are needed to investigate the historical and ecological drivers that differentiate the species assemblages between bioregions and zoogeographic realms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread and Diverging Patterns of Change in Local Phylogenetic Diversity","authors":"Philippe Fernandez-Fournier,&nbsp;Tadhg Carroll,&nbsp;Maria Dornelas,&nbsp;Arne Ø. Mooers","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13948","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecosystems are witnessing drastic changes in biodiversity worldwide. However, it is still unclear whether changes in phylogenetic diversity—a measure of the evolutionary relationships among species—reflect observed changes in species richness. Specifically, we ask whether changes in local phylogenetic diversity correlate with changes in species richness and examine if major taxonomic groups show diverging trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimate how local phylogenetic diversity has changed compared to species richness and whether there were diverging patterns across taxonomic groups. We use a database of compiled assemblage time series from around the world, BioTIME. We use assemblage total evolutionary history (Faith's phylogenetic diversity; PD) as well as average relatedness (mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance; MPD and MNTD, respectively) as measures of phylogenetic diversity and report taxon-level and assemblage-level posterior slope estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. We report trends in four major taxonomic groups: fish, birds, terrestrial mammals and terrestrial plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found strong evidence of widespread increases in MPD across fish and bird assemblages, reflecting decreases in average relatedness and strong evidence of a decrease of MPD in mammals, indicating the opposite. Conversely, we did not find consistent directional change in MNTD, though null average trends included notable positive and negative trends across studies and regions. We also found moderate evidence that SR and PD were increasing in fish assemblages, while they were decreasing in mammals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that changes in species composition are significantly altering the evolutionary makeup of assemblages at the local scale and that overall patterns diverge within and across taxonomic groups. We suggest potential drivers of these changes but highlight that our results are more generalisable for fish and birds than for mammals and plants, given the variation in geographical coverage and sample size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Modelling Approaches for Estimating Richness of Benthic Invertebrates Throughout New Zealand Waters","authors":"Tom Brough,&nbsp;Fabrice Stephenson,&nbsp;Eva Leunissen,&nbsp;Carolyn Lundquist","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the distribution of marine biodiversity is critical for evidence-based identification of areas for protection and restoration. Taxonomic richness is a key, intuitive component of biodiversity and is often used to guide marine spatial planning and protection. In this study, we explore the relative merits of two spatial modelling approaches, stacked species distribution models (S-SDMs) and macro-ecological models (MEMs), for mapping the richness of benthic invertebrate taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred and seven individual layers from SDMs of benthic invertebrate genera were pooled from an existing database and stacked to create a single genera richness layer. The same occurrence data used to develop the SDMs, comprising over 120k occurrences, was used to fit MEMs using an ensemble modelling approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The S-SDM layer performed poorly when validated against a database of observed genera richness, while the MEM approach performed well. While there were some consistencies in the areas predicted as high richness, substantial differences between the methods were also apparent, with the MEM seemingly better able to discern nuanced, fine-scale patterns in richness. Areas of high richness predicted by the MEM include parts of the Chatham Rise, a large component of the sub-Antarctic region, continental-shelf and coastal habitat in the south of the South Island, the north-east coast of the North Island, around East Cape and the Kermadec, Lau-Colville and Macquarie Ridges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spatial and catchability biases in the underlying occurrence data may contribute to the poor performance of the S-SDM and suggest the approach may not be appropriate when using occurrence datasets with limited systematic sampling. The predictions from the MEM provide the best available information for the distribution of benthic invertebrate richness for New Zealand waters and thus offer important information for current and future marine spatial planning processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Assessment of Australian White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) Challenges Previous Evidence of Population Subdivision","authors":"Zach S. R. Clark,&nbsp;Paul A. Butcher,&nbsp;Andrew R. Weeks,&nbsp;Charlie Huveneers,&nbsp;Madeline Toomey,&nbsp;Owen J. Holland,&nbsp;Jessica J. Fish,&nbsp;Craig D. H. Sherman,&nbsp;Dean C. Blower,&nbsp;Adam D. Miller","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13946","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The white shark (<i>Carcharodon carcharias</i>) is one of the world's largest and most recognisable marine predators but has suffered significant declines since the mid-twentieth century. Conservation efforts remain complicated by persistent knowledge gaps associated with white shark biology and ecology, including the biological connectedness of white shark populations. We re-assess patterns of population genetic structure in Australian white sharks, where two subpopulations—eastern and southern-western—are currently recognised based on previous animal tracking and genetic assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population genomic analyses are performed using tissues from ~650 individual white sharks and ~7000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci generated through reduced genome representation sequencing. We test for evidence of genetic structure and relatedness among sharks from eastern and southern Australia and use population genetic simulations to assess the likely strength of inter-generational migration between regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study challenges the current paradigm of population structure in Australian white sharks, showing a lack of genetic structure between white sharks from eastern and southern Australia. These findings are further supported by population genetic simulations and kinship analyses indicating high levels of intergenerational migration and relatedness between regions. Consistent with recent reports from eastern Australia, we also detected high levels of relatedness among juvenile and subadult white sharks and estimated the overall effective population size (<i>Ne</i>) of Australian white sharks to be less than 500 individuals. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a potential reduction in <i>Ne</i> over the last two generations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, these findings highlight the need to consider this revised estimate of genetic structure when discussing the management and conservation of the species. Our results also raise concerns for the conservation of Australian white sharks highlighting risks of potential inbreeding, and reductions in population fitness and resilience. We discuss the need for further research and the importance of ongoing population monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Taxon Predictions of Deep-Sea Corals and Sponges From Stacked Species Distribution Models in the United States West Coast Exclusive Economic Zone and Relation to Trawl Closure Zones","authors":"Arvind Shantharam,&nbsp;Matthew Poti,&nbsp;Arliss Winship,&nbsp;Yee Lau,&nbsp;Heather Coleman,&nbsp;Danielle Weissman,&nbsp;Renee Eaton,&nbsp;Robert McGuinn,&nbsp;Just Cebrian,&nbsp;Thomas Hourigan","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Abundant species distribution models (SDMs) of deep-sea corals and sponges (DSCS) allow one to make community-level predictions about DSCS. Pairing that with the conservation information of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) due to their sensitivity to seafloor trawling, one can assess the efficacy of established seafloor protections, known as Essential Fish Habitat and Conservation Areas (trawl closure areas), in the United States West Coast on a multi-taxon basis. From this, we seek to answer the following questions: (1) can accurate multi-taxon, trawl-sensitive DSCS distribution predictions be made for the US West Coast and (2) to what extent do current trawl protections overlap with multi-taxon distribution predictions and what are the conservation and management implications?&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;United States West Coast marine waters.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A cluster analysis was run on 40 SDMs of DSCS, identifiable as VME indicators and assigned a VME indicator score based on criteria used by regional fisheries management organisations. SDMs of taxa in clusters were stacked and averaged to produce stacked SDM (S-SDM) prediction maps. All prediction maps were classified into five habitat suitability classes to facilitate interpretation. The total area within benthic ecoregion-bathymetric boundaries and the percentage overlap with the bottom trawl closure zone were computed for spatial contextualization and to determine protection coverage for S-SDMs, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cluster analysis identified 10 groups that represent unique S-SDMs for the region. Taxa clustered together have previously been documented together in surveys but some novel associations are reported. Geographically, the predicted occurrences can range along the entire western continental margin, be highly restricted, or constrained by recognised biogeographic boundaries. VME indicator metrics ranged from low to moderate. When trawl coverage was computed relative to the suitability's prevalence in the modelling domain, trawl protection was shown to be large for the highest suitability classes for most of the S-SDMs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Results indicate the clustering approach has some strengths in identifying known and documented associations between DSCS taxa but some are problematic and produce low to moderate VME indic","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}