Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"When Birding Hotspots Get Too Hot: A Geographic Evaluation of Wildfire-Related Disturbance on Spatiotemporal Biases in Citizen Science Data","authors":"Edwin A. Jacobo, Jeffrey A. Manning","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term monitoring is critical for ecology and conservation, especially as non-stationary climatic conditions increase. Citizen science projects offer long-term georeferenced data from thousands of observers across diverse geographic areas. Despite the attraction of these datasets for biogeographical research and conservation planning, data collection commonly lacks standardised probabilistic sampling, which can increase observer bias, decrease precision of parameter estimates, and increase risk of spurious results when using the associated species data. Additionally, environmental disturbance may affect observer behaviour, confounding observed patterns in species responses. We aimed to test the effects of wildfire disturbance on observer biases in locality selection and return rates by citizen scientists registered with eBird, a globally available bird observation database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a long-term (10-year) dataset of 47,662 localities from 1788 eBird observers to calculate resource selection functions and explain observer locality selection as a function of wildfire and non-fire-related environmental covariates. We calculated spatiotemporally explicit covariates from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity program and also developed generalised linear mixed models to predict the probability of observers returning to localities in response to fire and non-fire variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that fire characteristics predicted locality selection and the probability of returning to a locality. Closer, more recent, larger and more severe fires showed the greatest effects on spatiotemporal patterns of observer sampling bias. Other non-fire-related variables related to locality attractiveness, land use, convenience and accessibility were also important.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrate that landscape disturbance introduces spatiotemporal biases in citizen scientist locality selection and revisitation. Researchers using citizen science data can follow our modelling approach to quantify disturbance-related observer sampling biases and estimate bias-corrected parameters necessary for ecological studies. Without this, observer biases inherent in these data can lead to increased bias, decreased precision in parameter estimates and spuri","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Biogeography and Genetic Status of the Enigmatic Pig-Nosed Turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) Within the Australo-Papuan Region","authors":"Matthew J. Young,&nbsp;Peter J. Unmack,&nbsp;Bernd Gruber,&nbsp;Dianne M. Gleeson,&nbsp;Carla C. Eisemberg,&nbsp;Yolarnie Amepou,&nbsp;Dotty Ibana,&nbsp;Arthur Georges","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examine the phylogeographic genetic structure of the endangered pig-nosed turtle <i>Carettochelys insculpta</i>, the last remaining member of a once globally widespread family, now restricted to northern Australia and southern New Guinea, a region with a complex geological and eustatic history. We examine their historical biogeography, demographic history and genetic status of threatened populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northern Australia, Southern New Guinea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and patterns of genetic diversity using a genome-wide dataset of 15,081 single nucleotide polymorphisms and two mitochondrial loci from samples spanning the full species' range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Australian, Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua turtles are recovered as three distinct lineages; the Australian lineage diverged from the New Guinea lineages <i>ca</i> 660 Kya, while the Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua Province lineages diverged <i>ca</i> 564 Kya. Although the fossil record shows that <i>C. insculpta</i> has been a long-standing representative of the Australia and New Guinea fauna (since at least the Miocene), extant lineages diverged later in the Middle Pleistocene. Both the Australian and Papua New Guinea lineages were likely shaped by bottlenecks, isolation and genetic drift, which in the Australian lineage greatly reduced effective population sizes to 48–88.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The contemporary genetic structure of <i>C. insculpta</i> is most consistent with a vicariance model whereby a large interchanging population occupying northern Australia and New Guinea came to be fragmented and diverged into Australian, Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua lineages. Subsequent dispersal via paleodrainages of the submerged continental shelf under the influence of Pleistocene sea-level change is thought to have been impeded by the isolation of the Akimeugah and Arafura Basins. All populations of the Australian lineage show low genetic diversity without contemporary gene flow, suggesting they are vulnerable to inbreeding and reduced fitness, requiring the consideration of genetic rescue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70013 “Migratory Connectivity and Non-Breeding Habitat Segregation Across Biogeographical Scales in Closely Related Seabird Taxa” by Morera-Pujol et al. A Scopoli's shearwater soars just above the surface of the Mediterranean sea off the coast of Palamós, near Barcelona, with a tracking device attached to the leg. Photo credit: Joan Goy.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.13885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeographic Implications of Biodiversity Shortfalls in a Mid-Altitude Desert Ecotone of the Arabian Peninsula","authors":"André Vicente Liz,&nbsp;Fulvio Licata,&nbsp;Bárbara Santos,&nbsp;Duarte Vasconcelos Gonçalves,&nbsp;Margareta Lakušić,&nbsp;Myrto Roumelioti,&nbsp;Nina Serén,&nbsp;Pedro Tarroso,&nbsp;Ayman Abdulkareem,&nbsp;Patkó László,&nbsp;José Carlos Brito","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70016","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Macroscale biodiversity inferences are critical for spatial conservation planning, yet they are affected by the limitations of global datasets and the paucity of genetic data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive sampling campaign and explored how biodiversity shortfalls impact spatial diversity metrics across a mid-altitude desert ecotone, where mega conservation and restoration projects are underway.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;AlUla region (NW Arabian Peninsula).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Taxa&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Terrestrial reptiles.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We generated a DNA barcode library including 580 field-collected samples to investigate species distributions, candidate species and intraspecific diversity. Species distributions were mapped using climatic envelopes, while candidate species and intraspecific diversity were assessed with phylogenetic methods. Patterns of α and β diversity were mapped based on IUCN and GARD expert maps (expected diversity) and on an integrative assessment combining field and bibliographic occurrences (observed diversity). Topographic drivers of nucleotide diversity were tested using Generalised Linear Mixed Models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Over one-third of the verified species in the region (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 58) experienced Linnean, Wallacean or Darwinian shortfalls, including 6 candidate species, 11 new to the region and 7 harbouring significant intraspecific diversity. Additionally, 13 species predicted by expert maps were absent. Both IUCN and GARD projections showed significant mismatches with observed α and β diversity, though GARD provided α-diversity estimates closer to observed patterns. Nucleotide diversity increased with absolute altitude.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Field and genetic-based data significantly enhance biodiversity knowledge and conservation tools for this rapidly developing desert region. By addressing the critical limitations of macroscale approaches in undersampled yet diverse landscapes, we demonstrate how global databases often overlook local community turnovers, misleading diversity estimates. Thereby, we highlight the need for fine-scale integrative research to inform conservation strategies and the power of DNA barcoding for inter- and intraspecific biodiversity ","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Elucidates Freshwater Mussel Diversity and Occupancy to Facilitate Improved Management and Conservation","authors":"Mark D. Johnson,&nbsp;Sasha J. Tetzlaff,&nbsp;Aron D. Katz,&nbsp;Jeremy Tiemann,&nbsp;Chase Smith,&nbsp;Catherine E. Dana,&nbsp;Sarah E. Pearce,&nbsp;Mark A. Davis,&nbsp;Jordan H. Hartman,&nbsp;Jinelle H. Sperry","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Freshwater mussels are considered among the most at-risk taxa in the world. As such, comprehensive monitoring assessments of what abiotic and biotic factors influence mussel occupancy will be vital for guiding effective conservation. Here, we analysed vertebrate and mussel environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data to explore the influence of biotic (i.e., host fish diversity, predator presence, and community composition) and abiotic (i.e., drainage size, forest cover, and stream order) factors on freshwater mussel populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilised water samples and tactile survey data collected from streams throughout Fort Johnson, Louisiana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first evaluated the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for characterising freshwater communities based on previous conventional tactile surveys. Next, we used eDNA metabarcoding analysis for freshwater mussels and vertebrate species alongside GIS-derived satellite remote sensing data to assess how various biotic and abiotic variables impact freshwater mussel eDNA occupancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our eDNA metabarcoding survey largely agreed with both historical and contemporary surveys on Fort Johnson, while uniquely detecting Louisiana pigtoe (<i>Pleurobema riddellii</i>), a proposed threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act. We also found that eDNA detections and occupancy had strong seasonal variation, with increased read abundance and diversity in the spring. Vertebrate, fish, and predator diversity (as a function of habitat quality) were strongly predictive of mussel occupancy, supporting the concept of land managers focusing on the entire ecosystem for mussel conservation. Lastly, we found that percent forest cover and drainage basin size influenced mussel eDNA occupancy, informing habitat associations for mussel species of interest (i.e., the mussels occupied larger drainage sizes and perennial streams).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrate that combining eDNA metabarcoding of target and non-target species with occupancy modelling can provide insights into the ecology of freshwater mussels and is a useful tool to improve their conservation and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat Complexity and Substrate Age Are Primary Factors Influencing Temperate Intertidal Community Assembly","authors":"Dian Yu,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Li-Sha Hu,&nbsp;Guo-Dong Han,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Xu Li,&nbsp;Xiong-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yong-Xu Sun,&nbsp;Shuang-En Yu,&nbsp;Yue Tan,&nbsp;Yue Su,&nbsp;Ya-Jie Zhu,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Lu Zhu,&nbsp;Lin-Xuan Ma,&nbsp;Chunlong Liu,&nbsp;Yun-Wei Dong","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elucidating mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of communities remains a fundamental ecological question. However, the relative importance of niche and dispersal assembly might be contingent. Here, we aimed to investigate intertidal community dynamics to understand the process of community formation and maintenance. Focusing on habitat complexity, substrate age and larval dispersal rate contributes to our understanding of the impact of human activities and climate change on intertidal community change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperate coast of China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2013–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intertidal invertebrates, mainly including Gastropods, Bivalves, Polyplacophora and Cirripedia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained species distribution data through 9 years of field surveys on temperate coasts of China. We determined taxonomic and functional diversity combined with functional traits. We also analysed the relative importance of environmental factors, including habitat complexity, substrate age, heatwave occurrence and duration, larval dispersal rate, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (i.e., nitrate, phosphate and silicate), salinity and seawater velocity by using generalised linear mixed models and redundancy analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that taxonomic and functional diversity varies across natural and artificial substrates. Community biodiversity on artificial shores with low habitat complexity increases initially and reaches saturation values. However, their saturation values are still lower than those of natural substrate sites with much higher habitat complexity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Habitat complexity and substrate age primarily drive intertidal community diversity. Niche-based processes shape the structure and function of ecological communities on temperate rocky shores in China. Improving habitat complexity is crucial for enhancing both taxonomic and functional biodiversity and restoration in intertidal communities on temperate shores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory Connectivity and Non-Breeding Habitat Segregation Across Biogeographical Scales in Closely Related Seabird Taxa","authors":"Virginia Morera-Pujol,&nbsp;Paulo Catry,&nbsp;Maria Magalhães,&nbsp;Clara Péron,&nbsp;José Manuel Reyes-González,&nbsp;José Pedro Granadeiro,&nbsp;Teresa Militão,&nbsp;Maria P. Dias,&nbsp;Daniel Oro,&nbsp;José Manuel Igual,&nbsp;Giacomo Dell'Omo,&nbsp;Martina Müller,&nbsp;Vitor H. Paiva,&nbsp;Benjamin Metzger,&nbsp;Verónica Neves,&nbsp;Joan Navarro,&nbsp;Georgios Karris,&nbsp;Stavros Xirouchakis,&nbsp;Jacopo G. Cecere,&nbsp;José Manuel Zamora-Marín,&nbsp;Manuela G. Forero,&nbsp;Isabel Afán,&nbsp;Ridha Ouni,&nbsp;Mohamed Salah Romdhane,&nbsp;Fernanda De Felipe,&nbsp;Zuzana Zajková,&nbsp;Marta Cruz-Flores,&nbsp;David Grémillet,&nbsp;Jacob González-Solís,&nbsp;Raül Ramos","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In highly mobile species, Migratory Connectivity (MC) has relevant consequences in population dynamics, genetic mixing, conservation and management. Additionally, in colonially breeding species, the maintenance of the breeding geographical structure during the non-breeding period, that is, a strong MC, can promote isolation and population divergence, which ultimately can affect the process of lineage sorting. In geographically structured populations, studying the MC and differences in environmental preferences among colonies, populations, or taxa can improve our understanding of the ecological divergence among them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the MC and non-breeding ecological niche of three seabird taxa from the genus <i>Calonectris</i> (<i>n</i> = 805 individuals). Using 1346 year-round trips from 34 different breeding colonies, we assess the level (from taxa to colony) at which MC and non-breeding spatial and environmental segregation emerge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At a taxon level, we found a clear difference in the non-breeding distributions between Cory's (<i>C. borealis</i>) and Scopoli's (<i>C. diomedea</i>) shearwaters, and a clear ecological divergence between Cory's and Cape Verde (<i>C. edwardsii</i>) shearwaters. At an intermediate aggregation level, we found that birds breeding in proximity had similar non-breeding habitat preferences, while birds breeding in very distant colonies (and therefore classified in different populations) had different non-breeding habitat preferences. Furthermore, within each taxon, we found more structure (i.e. stronger MC) and non-breeding divergence at an intermediate aggregation level than at the colony scale, where MC was weak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that conspecifics from nearby colonies mix in common non-breeding areas, but not with birds from more distant colonies or different taxa. These results support the need for management and conservation strategies that take into account this structure when dealing with migratory species with high connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Cover and Area Influence Bird Biodiversity in Geographically Isolated Wetlands","authors":"Jackson Barratt Heitmann,&nbsp;Brittany M. Mason,&nbsp;Corey T. Callaghan","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geographically isolated wetlands, wetlands surrounded by upland habitat, harbour high amounts of bird biodiversity but are rapidly being lost across the United States. Yet, we do not know which characteristics, such as wetland area or land cover, influence the level of bird biodiversity supported. We assessed the influence of wetland area and local (size of the wetland, 0.001–4.20 km²) and landscape (25 km) land cover on bird biodiversity in geographically isolated wetlands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conterminous United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We quantified the impacts of the wetland area and different land cover on overall bird species richness and richness estimates within five functional groups. We integrated 207 geographically isolated wetlands, selected based on eBird sampling locations with over 100 total checklists. We computed land cover metrics within wetland sites and landscape buffers (25 km) around each site. Using a generalised linear modelling approach, we examined how species richness was impacted by area and six remotely sensed land cover variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species richness increased with area for all species and functional groups of birds, but aquatic (e.g., ducks) and terrestrial (e.g., wading birds) functional groups had the steepest species–area slopes. Constructed wetlands exhibited a steeper species–area relationship slope compared to natural wetlands. Species richness was negatively correlated with built land cover at the local and landscape scales and was positively associated with flooded vegetation at the local scale and grass cover at the local and landscape scales. All functional group richness estimates responded negatively to build land cover but showed unique responses in their associations with other land cover variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthropogenic disturbance at the local and landscape scales significantly reduces species richness. Land managers looking to create or restore wetlands, which have steeper species–area curves, should consider local-scale management changes in flooded vegetation or grass cover to improve habitat for birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Biotic Homogenisation Patterns due to Urbanisation Are Taxon-Dependent","authors":"Yuki Iwachido,&nbsp;Sumire Yamamoto,&nbsp;Xi Sun,&nbsp;Takehiro Sasaki","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accelerated urbanisation poses a major threat to global biodiversity. However, few studies have explored patterns of temporal biotic homogenisation due to urbanisation across multiple taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tokyo, Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the temporal changes in species richness and composition in 15 remnant green spaces across the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, focusing on native species of three taxa (plants: 15 sites, birds: 7 sites and butterflies: 7 sites). First, we compared gamma diversity and species composition (dispersion and composition) between two surveys at a regional scale that included all study sites. Furthermore, we assessed temporal change in alpha diversity (species richness over time) and temporal beta diversity (changes in species composition over time) at each green space. We also clarified the relationships between those indices and environmental variables. To determine the species more impacted by urbanisation, we examined the relationship between the rate of species loss and their traits related to dispersal and adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gamma diversity decreased from the first to the second survey regardless of taxa. However, the pattern of temporal diversity changes due to urbanisation varied among taxa. For plants, temporal changes in alpha diversity decreased with the number of years between surveys. For birds, temporal beta diversity increased with the number of years between surveys. For butterflies, the dispersion of species composition at the regional scale decreased slightly from the first to the second survey. Annual herb and water-dispersal plant species, as well as bird species with higher diet specialisation, were more prone to loss due to urbanisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrate that patterns of temporal biotic homogenisation due to urbanisation vary among taxa. Therefore, enhancing species diversity within each green space and promoting species composition differences among green spaces are necessary to maximise multi-taxa diversity in urban areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple, Quantitative Determination of the Appropriate Duration of Site Closure to Improve Occupancy Modelling for Nomadic Species","authors":"Garrett Erickson-Harris,&nbsp;Connor M. Wood,&nbsp;Kristin M. Brunk","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occupancy models are ubiquitous in ecological and biogeographical applications, but they rely upon an assumption of site closure that is sometimes applied across many weeks or even months. Nomadic species challenge this approach because they are likely to exhibit within-season movements that violate the assumption of closure. Assuming closure for nomadic species across a full season likely results in depressed estimates of detection probability and inflated estimates of occupancy that can obscure important habitat associations. However, selecting an appropriate duration over which to assume site closure can also be a challenge, especially with continuous survey methods, like acoustic surveys or camera traps, where ‘surveys’ and ‘seasons’ can be ambiguous.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Innovation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a simple framework for quantitatively assessing the most appropriate duration over which to assume site closure by directly comparing models with differing season lengths. We demonstrate our framework using simulated data, as well as a passive acoustic monitoring dataset of a nomadic bird, the Clark's nutcracker, collected during one summer across over 25,000 km² of the Sierra Nevada, California. We applied dynamic occupancy models to data collected during a single calendar season to optimise the occupancy approach for the nutcracker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used our method to select an appropriate duration over which to assume site closure for the Clark's nutcracker, and our simulations indicated that this method is robust under a variety of scenarios. Our empirical and simulated results suggest that quantitatively determining the duration of the closure assumption can enable a more accurate understanding of the population dynamics and habitat use of nomadic species, especially when surveys are conducted with emerging continuous, or near-continuous monitoring technologies. Our relatively simple framework can be used to improve occupancy modelling for other nomadic species, which will ultimately improve the efficacy of conservation measures taken to protect these species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}