Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Rapid Emergence of an Amphibian Pathogen Coincided With Historic Amphibian Declines in the Neotropics","authors":"Phillip A. Jervis,&nbsp;Connor Sullivan,&nbsp;Andrea Manzano-Pasquel,&nbsp;Gonçalo M. Rosa,&nbsp;Rebecca D. Tarvin,&nbsp;Santiago R. Ron,&nbsp;Vance T. Vredenburg,&nbsp;Matthew C. Fisher,&nbsp;Andres Merino-Viteri","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The emergence of the fungal pathogen <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd</i>) in South America has been attributed to multiple introductions and subsequent spread in a bidirectional latitudinal wave along the primary Andean cordilleras. This is supported for Ecuador by anecdotal evidence of declines in <i>Bd</i>-susceptible genera such as <i>Telmatobius</i> and <i>Atelopus</i> around the mid-1980s. We tested this hypothesis by combining published records of <i>Bd</i> with retrospective screenings of museum specimens (1950–2010) and surveys of contemporary populations to characterise the spatiotemporal and host-specific emergence of <i>Bd</i> in Ecuador.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecuador.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assembled a database of <i>Bd</i> records in Ecuadorian anurans (&gt; 7000 samples) and assessed its spatiotemporal emergence using generalised linear mixed models and spatial clustering approaches. Data were also used to identify <i>Bd</i> prevalence within four representative genera of Ecuadorian anurans (<i>Atelopus</i>, <i>Telmatobius</i>, <i>Gastrotheca</i> and <i>Pristimantis</i>). We also used Bayesian approaches to test the probability of the presence of <i>Bd</i> in Ecuador prior to the first positive record.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results overturn the prevailing narrative of <i>Bd</i> emergence in the Neotropics and provide a rare, long-term view of an invasive pathogen's trajectory from introduction to persistence. We found that: (1) <i>Bd</i> likely represents a novel pathogen to Ecuador; (2) <i>Bd</i> was first detected in 1974 and had become widespread by 1980; (3) there is no evidence supporting a bidirectional wave of spread; and (4) the genera <i>Atelopus</i>, <i>Telmatobius</i> and <i>Gastrotheca</i> experienced epizootic disease dynamics, with declines peaking in the 1990s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that <i>Bd</i> is likely a novel pathogen that was introduced in the early 1970s and peaked in prevalence during the late 1980s and 1990s. The available evidence supports the conclusion that an outbreak of chytridiomycosis may have led to catastrophic declines in Ecuadorian amphibians. Disease dynamics have since subsided to enzootic coexistence in extant amphibian communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70186 “No Model Fits All: Dynamic Ensemble Species Distribution Model Reveals Seasonal Patterns of Essential Habitat Use of Ocean Giants in the Southwest Pacific” by Miller et al. A whale shark (<i>Rhincodon typus</i>) at Wreck Bay on Australia’s east coast, where a newly discovered aggregation highlights the importance of this region as essential habitat (Photo Credit: Ingo Miller).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eastern North American Liana Distributions Reveal Conservation and Climate Mitigation Potential","authors":"Jacob D. J. Peters,&nbsp;Grant M. Connette,&nbsp;Xuhui Lee,&nbsp;Bronson W. Griscom,&nbsp;Mark S. Ashton","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70188","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We created the first high-resolution distribution maps for lianas at a continental scale to address critical knowledge gaps in invasive species management, forest carbon storage, and temperate forest ecology.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Nearctic realm and Eastern North America.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We developed a cascading modelling approach using Google Earth Engine that first classifies suitable climate envelopes at 5 km resolution across North America, then predicts occupancy within suitable areas at 250 m resolution using remotely sensed data, topography, and soil maps. We modelled four ecologically and economically important lianas capable of enshrouding forest canopies: Oriental bittersweet (&lt;i&gt;Celastrus orbiculatus&lt;/i&gt;), kudzu (&lt;i&gt;Pueraria montana&lt;/i&gt;), summer grape (&lt;i&gt;Vitis aestivalis&lt;/i&gt;), and Chinese wisteria (&lt;i&gt;Wisteria sinensis&lt;/i&gt;). These species represent native and nonnative species with contrasting dispersal mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Approximately 378.8 &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ pm $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 36.4 million hectares are suitable for at least one of the focal species, with 57.9 &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ pm $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; 8.5 million hectares of forest likely occupied. Native and nonnative lianas exhibit differences in distribution patterns: while all lianas studied here are associated with urbanization and development, this pattern is particularly strong for species with limited seed dispersal (kudzu, wisteria), whereas the native grape and bird-dispersed nonnative bittersweet show broader distributions, challenging widespread assumptions about their climate-driven distributions and ability to spread across landscapes. However, given moderate SDM accuracy and potential sampling biases in presence records, area estimates should be interpreted as indicative rather than definitive.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our computationally efficient cascading approach enables high-resolution spec","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Model Fits All: Dynamic Ensemble Species Distribution Model Reveals Seasonal Patterns of Essential Habitat Use by Ocean Giants in the Southwest Pacific","authors":"Ingo B. Miller,&nbsp;Yuri Niella,&nbsp;Vinay Udyawer,&nbsp;Mark V. Erdmann,&nbsp;Kátya G. Abrantes,&nbsp;Simon J. Pierce,&nbsp;Richard Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Lisa A. Hoopes,&nbsp;Alistair D. M. Dove,&nbsp;Adam Barnett","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Essential habitats are areas that support biological and ecological functions critical for species' survival. For highly mobile and elusive marine species, aggregations in these habitats provide rare opportunities to study their ecology and inform conservation. We aimed to build a dynamic species distribution model (SDM) to predict essential habitats for migratory marine species. The model was tested on whale sharks (<i>Rhincodon typus</i>), a species with ~30 documented aggregation sites across their global distribution, addressing a major knowledge gap in the southwest Pacific (SWP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coral Sea, southwest Pacific.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-resolution, movement-informed SDMs were built using behaviourally filtered juvenile whale shark satellite tracks (low move-persistence locations) to quantify key environmental drivers of inferred foraging and predict dynamic suitability of essential habitat in the SWP. An ensemble modelling approach was applied to account for model uncertainty and improve model reliability by combining regression and machine learning algorithms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Model predictions indicated high suitability in the northern Great Barrier Reef during the monsoon season (November–April), shifting eastward into the Coral Sea and beyond during the dry season (May–October). Bathymetric variables (depth, distance to deepwater drop-off) were key drivers of occurrence, while dynamic variables like sea surface temperature and productivity proxies also contributed largely to model predictions. Across algorithms, spatial block cross-validation and external validation with independent sightings indicated moderate but consistent discriminatory ability. Habitat suitability predictions varied across algorithms, underscoring the advantages of integrating diverse modelling approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the first movement-informed predictions of essential habitat suitability for juvenile whale sharks in the SWP, providing a framework for improving population assessments and guiding research and management. The dynamic SDM approach is broadly applicable, facilitating essential habitat identification, research prioritisation in data-limited regions, and targeted conservation in dynamic marine environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70072 “Historical Impacts of Invasive Species May Not Always Be What They Seem: A Genetic Perspective From an Endangered Native Species” by Jense et al. Natural habitat for the endemic fish Galaxias johnstoni in the Central Highlands of Tasmania. Photo credit: Charlotte Jense.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Biotic Interactions and Dispersal Processes in Modelling Species Distributions of Freshwater Organisms: A Review","authors":"Graciela Medina-Madariaga,&nbsp;Fengzhi He,&nbsp;Sami Domisch,&nbsp;Yaochun Wang,&nbsp;Sonja C. Jähnig","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70163","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite the recognised importance of biotic interactions and dispersal in shaping species distributions, their incorporation in frameworks that investigate species distributions is often overlooked. We aim to assess how biotic interactions and dispersal have been incorporated into modelling frameworks within freshwater ecosystems and to identify trends, limitations, and opportunities for advancing these approaches.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We systematically reviewed modelling approaches incorporating biotic interactions, dispersal, or both. We analysed patterns of identified studies regarding ecosystem type, biological data used, model class, representation of dendritic structures, spatial extent, type of biological interactions, and organism group studied.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 140 studies that incorporated dispersal and/or biotic interactions to investigate the distributions of freshwater species. While biotic interactions and dispersal have been increasingly incorporated into modelling approaches in freshwaters, their simultaneous inclusion remained uncommon. Correlative models were favoured over mechanistic approaches, likely due to their lower requirements for data size and computational power. Studies were disproportionately concentrated in the Global North, with a notable lack of global-scale analyses. Additionally, we observed diverse trends across model classes, mechanisms incorporated, representation of dispersal and biological interactions, spatial structures, species status, and spatial scale of studies. Limited data availability, challenges in model development, and computational constraints often restrict the development of more complex models capable of integrating multiple processes, particularly at broader scales.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our review underscores the opportunities to integrate biotic interactions and dispersal more comprehensively into modelling approaches for species distributions in freshwaters, acknowledging the importance of these processes in ecosystems undergoing rapid environmental changes. International collaborations are essential to overcome data limitations and establish robust databases from a metacommunity perspective. Increasing ecological realism in modelling frameworks, pursued when it demonstrably improves modelling outcomes, ","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleistocene Divergence and Long-Term Population Decline in Three Endemic Euphorbia Species of High Conservation Concern From the South-Western Alps and the Mountains of Corsica and Sardinia","authors":"Valentin Heimer,&nbsp;Božo Frajman","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the evolutionary history and demographic dynamics of narrow-ranged endemics is essential for predicting their future under climate change. We investigated the origins, population trajectories, and conservation outlook of three endemic spurges (<i>Euphorbia gayi</i>, <i>E. valliniana</i>, <i>E. variabilis</i>) restricted to the south-western Alps, Corsica, and Sardinia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South-western Alps, Corsica, Sardinia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing data to infer phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and long-term effective population size (<i>N</i>_<i>e</i>) dynamics through demographic modelling. To assess vulnerability under climate change, we combined genomic insights with species distribution modelling (SDM) across past (Last Glacial Maximum), present, and future (ssp126, ssp370, ssp585) climate scenarios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic analyses revealed mid-Pleistocene divergence of <i>E. gayi</i> and evidence of long-distance dispersal underlying the origin of <i>E. variabilis</i>. All three species showed strong genetic structure and limited connectivity among populations, alongside a long-term decline in <i>N</i>_<i>e</i>. SDMs predicted substantial range contractions under future warming, with losses of up to 98% of suitable habitat by 2100 under the ssp585 scenario. Even under optimistic projections (ssp126), range reduction was pronounced, particularly for the small and isolated Corsican and Sardinian populations of <i>E. gayi</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrative genomic and ecological modelling approach highlights the vulnerability of three narrow-ranged alpine and montane endemics to ongoing climate change. Persistent demographic decline, limited population connectivity, and severe habitat loss together place these taxa at high risk of local or complete extinction. These findings emphasise the need for urgent conservation measures to safeguard endemic Mediterranean mountain plants under future climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation Priority Areas Based on Phylogenetic Diversity Are Sensitive to Methods of Phylogenetic Inference and Divergence Time Estimation","authors":"Mina Kearns,&nbsp;Alexander Skeels,&nbsp;Keaghan Yaxley,&nbsp;Marcel Cardillo","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protecting phylogenetic diversity (PD) has been advocated as a basis for spatial conservation planning. However, phylogenetic branch lengths can vary substantially depending on methodological choices made during the inference of phylogeny and divergence times, and little is known about the sensitivity of spatial patterns of PD to these choices. We aimed to test the variability of spatial PD patterns, including the size and locations of ‘hotspots’ of evolutionary history, under alternative phylogenetic methods. We then aimed to test the downstream effects for conservation priority areas selected using Systematic Conservation Planning methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using phylogenomic and fossil data for the plant clade Grevilleoideae (663 species), we inferred divergence times under 26 combinations of methods relating to topology and divergence time estimation, choice of fossil calibration, calibration constraints, and evolutionary model parameterization. We compared spatial patterns of PD and conservation priority areas selected using a reserve selection algorithm across the resulting 26 phylogeny treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continent-wide, there was substantial incongruence in spatial PD patterns among treatments, with large areas identified as PD hotspots or priority areas under fewer than 26 treatments. Areas of incongruence in priority areas amounted to approximately 30% of the land budget allocated to expansion of the protected area network in our simulations (~8% of Australia's land area). Spatial patterns were especially sensitive to the choice of Bayesian (MCMCtree) vs. fast rate-smoothing (RelTime) methods of divergence dating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spatial patterns of PD and choice of priority areas for conservation of PD can vary substantially under alternative, routine, methodological choices in phylogenetics. This introduces uncertainty into conservation planning that aims to maximize protection of evolutionary history. Uncritical use of phylogenetic information in conservation may lead to wasted resources or poor conservation outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Extent and Size of European Ecosystem Units From 2000 to 2018","authors":"Martin Jung,&nbsp;Richard Cornford,&nbsp;Zoriana Romanchuk,&nbsp;Orysia Yashchun,&nbsp;Maximilian H. K. Hesselbarth,&nbsp;Linda See","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mapping and monitoring of ecosystem size and extent is critical for assessing changes in the environment. Mapping approaches typically include the use of expert-based assessments and remotely sensed products. In this work, we present a new annual high-resolution time series dataset of ecosystem units for Europe that integrates a range of different data sources. In total, 411 different distinct ecosystem units were identified in the EU27+, with large patches of woodland and forest in cold climates and temperate climate croplands on plain terrain as the two most commonly occurring types in 2000. Over the 18 year period, only 56 ecosystems remained stable, with area increases in 192 ecosystem types but losses in area in 163 of them. Furthermore, we highlight gaps in representation for 16.8% of all ecosystem units in the current protected area network.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Variables Included</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corine Land cover time series, Landforms, climate, patch size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Coverage</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2000 to 2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Spatial Coverage</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>100 m spatial resolution at pan-European extent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecosystem assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Applications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dataset is consistent with previous EU ecosystem accounting assessments, while providing additional detail on climate, landform and fragmentation. It can serve as a data source, for example, for ecosystem accounting, conservation planning, or species distribution modelling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Mammal Conservation Effectiveness in the World's Highest-Elevation Protected Area Network","authors":"Yaqian Cui,&nbsp;Yonglei Lv,&nbsp;Anderson Feijó,&nbsp;Keji Guo,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Jilong Cheng,&nbsp;Lin Xia,&nbsp;Deyan Ge,&nbsp;Tian Tian,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Weibo Wang,&nbsp;Xingwen Peng,&nbsp;Wei Zhou,&nbsp;Qisen Yang,&nbsp;Zhixin Wen","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protected areas (PAs) are central to global biodiversity conservation, but their effectiveness in understudied regions, such as high-altitude ecosystems, remains poorly understood. Tibet contains the world's highest-elevation PA network and a remarkably diverse mammalian fauna, especially medium- and large-bodied mammals (MLM) that are of major conservation concern given their important role in ecosystem functioning and high sensitivity to human activities. The Tibetan PAs offer an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs in protecting MLMs in extreme environments. Here, we explored spatial patterns and influencing factors of MLM diversity across Tibetan PAs and related them to PA attributes, environmental and anthropogenic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-nine PAs of Tibet, China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on a comprehensive occurrence dataset of 77 MLM species, we quantified mammal diversity within PAs using five indices (species richness, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, completeness index and defaunation index) and evaluated their key influencing factors (environmental, anthropogenic and PA attribute factors) through generalised additive models. The effects of species' body size, trophic level and protection status on the defaunation index were evaluated. We further estimated the PA size threshold for effective mammal conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PA protection status and vegetation heterogeneity are significantly associated with five diversity indices; specifically, PAs with stricter management and greater habitat heterogeneity supported higher MLM diversity. Medium-bodied, herbivore species with Class I protection exhibited higher levels of defaunation, highlighting the need for urgent conservation attention. PA size threshold varies among diversity indices and trophic levels, indicating that effective protection of MLMs of different trophic levels requires different PA sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the value of integrating a multidimensional biodiversity framework and PA attributes into conservation planning. Future conservation in Tibet should focus on strengthening PA management and reducing human disturbance, with PA sizes planned according to the ecological needs of different mammal groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}