Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Direct Integration of Population Genetics and Dynamic Species Distribution Modelling Improves Predictions of Post-Glacial History of Piper nigrum","authors":"Sandeep Sen,&nbsp;Michael Peter Nobis,&nbsp;Rani M.S. Saggere,&nbsp;Srirama Ramanujam,&nbsp;Thomson Davis,&nbsp;Dirk Nikolaus Karger,&nbsp;G. Ravikanth,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Tsuda","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change has a strong impact on species ranges and the genetic structure of populations, yet conclusions are often subject to large uncertainties when both are analysed independently. Here, we develop a novel framework to directly integrate population genetics and dynamic species distribution modelling to reduce such uncertainties when reconstructing the post-glacial history of black pepper.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western Ghats, India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic data of 243 individuals from 14 populations of wild <i>Piper nigrum</i> were derived from six chloroplast and five nuclear DNA simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Dynamic species distribution models (DSDMs) were applied since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21,000 years BP) based on paleo-climatic suitability at a high resolution (1 km, 100 years) and evaluated for a wide range of estimated migration rates and climate niches of the species. Population genetics and DSDMs were finally combined in a genetically informed DSDM, in which the estimated model parameters were optimised by maximising the correlation between the genetic diversity of the populations and their simulated colonisation history since the LGM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed higher gene diversity, haplotype richness, and allelic richness at lower latitudes, and two major phylogeographic groups belonging to the southern and central Western Ghats. Demographic inference from chloroplast SSRs estimated the split of these groups around the LGM. DSDMs showed a high uncertainty in parameter estimates, which were clearly reduced for the genetically informed DSDM. With this model, the correlation between genetic diversity and colonisation time was stronger than the correlation with latitude, and the simulation showed a northward expansion from low-latitude refugia and a recent fragmentation of the species range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrative approach reduces uncertainty in DSDMs and facilitates the interpretation of the population genetic structure. This added value is not given when population genetics and species distribution modelling are applied independently and merely compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual Role of Common Mammals as Dispersers of Plants and Micro-Invertebrates Across Isolated Wetlands","authors":"Maxi Tomowski,&nbsp;Katrin Kiemel,&nbsp;Tina Birnbach,&nbsp;Victor Parry,&nbsp;Michael Ristow,&nbsp;Manuel Roeleke,&nbsp;Ralph Tiedemann,&nbsp;Guntram Weithoff,&nbsp;Florian Jeltsch","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70088","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Dispersal strategies are vital for sessile or passively moving organisms, profoundly influencing the distribution and survival of plant and small-sized animal species. The role of large mammals in dispersal and habitat (re)colonisation is well recognised, yet their full contribution across propagule taxa, various dispersers and dispersal modes remains unclear. We assessed the role of common wild mammals in dispersing (semi-aquatic) plants and micro-invertebrates among isolated wetlands, identifying the most effective dispersal agent(s) within a natural assemblage.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Northeast Germany.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In a system of small semi-natural wetlands within an intensive agricultural landscape, we combined non-invasive faecal sampling with opportunistic fur collection from managed and trapped mammals, cultivating plants and micro-invertebrates from these samples to explore dispersal-network structures, quantify taxon richness and propagule abundances, and comparedisperser effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found distinct network topologies for (semi-aquatic) plants and micro-invertebrates, indicating differential contributions and complementary roles of disperser groups and dispersal modes. Roe deer (&lt;i&gt;Capreolus capreolus&lt;/i&gt;), wild boar (&lt;i&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/i&gt;) and raccoons (&lt;i&gt;Procyon lotor&lt;/i&gt;) were key dispersers, highlighting the broad role of generalist mammals in wetland propagule dispersal. In micro-invertebrates, endozoochorous communities were nested within more diverse epizoochorous communities, with both raccoons and wild boar transporting more diverse taxa through epizoochory. No quantitative differences in endozoochorous dispersal emerged among dispersers. Transported plant communities were dominated by taxa lacking predefined zoochorous syndromes, challenging assumptions about trait-based dispersal constraints.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The broad spectrum of wild mammals identified as dispersers, supported by quantitative means, offers significant potential for facilitating efficient dispersal of both plants and micro-invertebrates, consistent with the concept of ‘non-classical zoochory’. Dispersal by abundant and managed mammals is crucial for ecosystem connectivity and resilience. Altered disperser communities due to population control or habitat changes may affect (re)colonisation","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining eDNA and Visual Surveys Improves Detection of Reef Fishes Across Their Biogeographic Ranges","authors":"Chloe Hayes,&nbsp;Ayşe Haruka Oshima Açıkbaş,&nbsp;Angus Mitchell,&nbsp;David J. Booth,&nbsp;Timothy Ravasi,&nbsp;Ivan Nagelkerken","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid shifts in marine species distributions driven by ocean warming require more effective monitoring across entire ranges to detect emerging ecological change. Traditionally, visual surveys have been used to track these distributional shifts, but they often overlook small-bodied, rare or cryptic species, potentially underestimating range changes. Environmental DNA (eDNA) bypasses these limitations, yet its effectiveness in detecting species near their range limits remains understudied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We combined eDNA metabarcoding and visual surveys to assess reef fish communities across nine sites spanning a 2000-km latitudinal gradient within a global warming hotspot encapsulating tropical, subtropical and temperate reefs. Variation in detectability across methods and biogeographic ranges was also assessed at the level of functional traits (trophic guild, thermal guild and water column position).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>eDNA and visual surveys revealed different fish species compositions, potentially underestimating the extent of fish biogeographic ranges. eDNA detected 44 more unique tropical species than visual surveys across their range, and was more effective at detecting tropical carnivores, omnivores, invertivores, planktivores, detritivores and all water column positions. In contrast, visual surveys were more effective at detecting temperate carnivores, invertivores and benthic species. For tropical fishes at their cold range edge in temperate ecosystems, eDNA identified 12 unique species, including herbivores and cryptic species not previously recorded by long-term visual surveys. Contrastingly, eDNA detected 20 fewer temperate species than visual surveys across their biogeographic range and was less effective (five unique species) than visual surveys (nine unique species) at detecting temperate species at their warm trailing range in subtropical ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining eDNA and visual surveys improves the detection of reef fishes near the limits of their known distributions. This approach helps reveal overlooked species, particularly those that are cryptic, rare or low in abundance, and supports more accurate assessments of species distributions across biogeographic gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Species Distribution Models for Stream Networks by Incorporating Spatial Autocorrelation in Multi-Sourced Datasets: A Range-Wide Assessment of Idaho Giant Salamander Status and Future Risk","authors":"Daniel J. Isaak,&nbsp;Michael Dumelle,&nbsp;Dona L. Horan,&nbsp;Daniel H. Mason,&nbsp;Thomas W. Franklin,&nbsp;David E. Nagel,&nbsp;Jay M. Ver Hoef,&nbsp;Michael K. Young","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70085","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fundamental to species conservation efforts is the development of accurate distribution models. Doing so is challenging for many stream organisms, where limited funding may necessitate the compilation of incidental observations from multiple sources which lack an overall sampling design and are often spatially clustered. We demonstrate the application of specialised spatial-stream-network models (SSNMs), which incorporate autocorrelation among observations and have the potential to improve species distribution models for many organisms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Rocky Mountains in west-central North America.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled a comprehensive presence-absence dataset for Idaho giant salamander (IGS; &lt;i&gt;Dicamptodon aterrimus&lt;/i&gt;) from previous studies, natural resource agencies, museum collections and new surveys, and linked these data to geospatial habitat covariates. The dataset was modelled using a suite of candidate SSNMs, and results were compared to those from non-spatial generalised linear models (GLMs). The top-ranked models were used to predict range-wide IGS occurrence probabilities for scenarios that represented historical baselines and futures associated with two model covariates (water temperature and riparian tree canopy density) that are changing with environmental trends in the study area.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The classification accuracy of salamander observations was higher with SSNMs than GLMs (90.8% vs. 63.2%) and the spatial models identified fewer significant habitat relationships, which simplified model interpretation. Baseline range estimates from the models were similar (13,090–14,114 stream km) and both predicted small range expansions (2.0%–24.8%) with future warming because many streams were sub-optimally cold for IGS. However, these expansions were partially offset in scenarios which included decreases in riparian canopy density.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;SSNMs significantly improved species distribution models on stream networks by incorporating spatial autocorrelation and provide an inexpensive means of developing new information from many existing datasets. This incentivises aggregation of datasets, which could be further leveraged to create efficient monitoring and inventory programs using the spatially explicit outputs from SSNMs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Coastal Biogeographic Boundaries: Unveiling the Nature of Processes Shaping the Distribution of Marine Biodiversity","authors":"Everton Giachini Tosetto,&nbsp;Matthieu Lengaigne,&nbsp;Miodeli Nogueira Junior,&nbsp;Christophe Lett,&nbsp;Sigrid Neumann-Leitão,&nbsp;Arnaud Bertrand","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70083","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Identify biogeographic boundaries that delineate the distribution of species assemblages along global non-insular coastlines, characterise the potential barriers responsible for biogeographic boundaries and realign coastal biogeographic provinces.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Not applied.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Animalia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global databases of marine animals were used to define biogeographic boundaries as regions that concentrate species range limits. To mitigate sampling bias inherent in uneven presence records in biodiversity databases, we applied a resampling methodology. We used the identified dispersal barriers to divide the study area into ecoregions in order to realign coastal biogeographic provinces. These ecoregions were then clustered into biogeographic provinces based on the similarity of their biodiversity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 24 biogeographic boundaries along the coastlines of the Americas and 27 along Afro-Eurasia. The 52 ecoregions delimited by the biogeographic boundaries were classified into 23 biogeographic provinces. In most cases, the proportion of exclusive species within each province was higher than 25%. When comparing the proportion of exclusive species to the previous classifications of biogeographic provinces, a higher proportion was found. Of the 21 boundaries of the new biogeographic provinces, nine are aligned with and six are close to previous boundaries between the biogeographic provinces or realms defined in previous studies. Our analysis revealed the presence of 6 additional subdivisions and significant realignments within the marine biogeographic provinces.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The objective data-driven approach was effective to identify biogeographic boundaries and realign biogeographic provinces. Most boundaries were associated with strong thermohaline gradients, which typically occur along water-mass fronts due to converging currents, upwelling or river discharge. Such processes, in conjunction with geomorphology and circulation patterns, interact to restri","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range Shift and Climatic Refugia for Alpine Lichens Under Climate Change","authors":"Luana Francesconi,&nbsp;Michele Di Musciano,&nbsp;Matteo Conti,&nbsp;Luca Di Nuzzo,&nbsp;Gabriele Gheza,&nbsp;Martin Grube,&nbsp;Helmut Mayrhofer,&nbsp;Stefano Martellos,&nbsp;Pier Luigi Nimis,&nbsp;Chiara Pistocchi,&nbsp;Chiara Vallese,&nbsp;Juri Nascimbene","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mountain biodiversity is highly threatened by climate change, with many species facing habitat reduction and/or local extinction. Poikilohydric organisms like lichens are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and changes. A comprehensive overview of the impact of climate change on the future distribution of lichens is still missing. Thus, we quantified the range shift, loss in suitable areas and potential climatic refugia for more than 250 lichens, exploring these trends for each species and grouping them by their ecological needs and functional traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alps chain and surrounding areas (Europe).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed species distribution models to investigate the range shifts of 272 lichens under different climate change scenarios. Range shift was investigated by modelling gain and loss in suitability score along the elevational gradient, for each species separately and grouping them based on growth forms and temperature-affinities. Based on the ‘high suitability score stability’ index we developed maps of potential refuge areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We predicted a huge loss of habitat suitability over time, especially under the SSP5-5.8. Fruticose lichens and cryophilous species will be the most impacted. Moreover, contrary to the assumption of an upward range shift, most species showed no significant relationship between altitude and increase in habitat suitability, suggesting different redistribution patterns for lichens. In the same way, climatic refugia are not only identified at high elevations but also in deep valleys and cold exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The response of lichens to climate change is extremely heterogeneous, and an upper-range shift is less common than expected. Spatial redistribution is highly distinct among functional groups. The identified climatic refugia confirm this pattern, underlining the urgent need to improve the conservation effort, especially for fruticose and cryophilic species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Conservation Networks to Ensure Connectivity in a Changing Climate: Application to Spanish Forests","authors":"Teresa Goicolea,&nbsp;María José Aroca-Fernández,&nbsp;Juan Ignacio García Viñas,&nbsp;Santiago Saura,&nbsp;Sergio González-Ávila,&nbsp;Rubén G. Mateo,&nbsp;Aitor Gastón","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70068","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Assess the potential effects of climate change on different forest habitats; and outline a climate-wise conservation network to sustain forest connectivity under current and future climates.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Mainland Spain.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Current and future (2071–2100).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Forest species associated with different vegetation types and dispersal abilities.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We fitted a Random Forest model to predict the distribution of six vegetation types under current and four future climate scenarios. We then assessed forest availability and connectivity for each climate scenario and vegetation type. To define the conservation network, we identified the key habitat patches and corridors for dynamic connectivity using multi-temporal habitat availability indices. Finally, we analysed how much of the conservation network is expected to change due to climate shifts and how it aligns with existing protected areas.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Forests across all vegetation types exhibited substantial northward and upward shifts. Forests adapted to cold or wet conditions (e.g., deciduous, mountain conifers and high-mountain vegetation) declined in area and connectivity. Warm- and dry-adapted forests (e.g., sclerophyllous, subsclerophyllous and hyperxerophilous vegetation) increased their ranges and/or connectivity. Rates of change in forest area and connectivity were similar within each vegetation type, except for subsclerophyllous vegetation, which lost forest area but gained connectivity. 48% of the proposed conservation network experienced shifts in the vegetation types. Current protected areas covered 41% of the conservation patches across Spain, but less than 7% within the deciduous vegetation type.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Projected shifts highlight the need for dynamic connectivity analyses to guide effective conservation under changing climate. Forest types exhibited distinct trends, underscoring the need for tailored strategies for each type. The proposed conservation network provides guidance for a proactive enhancement o","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partitioning Beta Diversity at Two Spatial Resolutions Reveals Biotic Homogenisation With Habitat Degradation","authors":"Faith A. M. Jones,&nbsp;Alwin A. Hardenbol,&nbsp;Anne-Maarit Hekkala,&nbsp;Albin Larsson Ekström,&nbsp;Mari Jönsson,&nbsp;Matti Koivula,&nbsp;Joachim Strengbom,&nbsp;Jörgen Sjögren","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the effects of habitat degradation on biodiversity is essential for undertaking conservation initiatives, but commonly used metrics of biodiversity, like species richness and beta diversity, can miss important signals of change. Greater insights can be gained by partitioning beta diversity into nestedness, which relates to species loss, and turnover, which relates to species replacement. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity change with habitat degradation, we investigate how nestedness and turnover vary when comparing assemblages from the same or different habitat degradation levels, and how assemblage aggregation resolution influences this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sweden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used beta diversity partitioning to assess lichen, fungi and bryophyte species composition from 120 forest sites across Sweden, from three different habitat degradation levels, and at two aggregation scales (pairwise local assemblages and assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level across our study sites). We examined how pairwise total beta diversity, nestedness and turnover varied when comparing assemblages from sites of either the same or different habitat degradation levels. In addition, we examined the relationship between total beta diversity, nestedness and turnover when assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected a small increase in pairwise lichen total beta diversity (Cliffs delta 0.40) and nestedness (Cliffs delta 0.19), but not in any other pairwise comparisons. In contrast, for all taxa, comparisons between assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level showed higher values of nestedness and lower values of turnover than the corresponding pairwise comparisons, suggesting biotic homogenisation in highly degraded sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the importance of considering biodiversity change across multiple spatial resolutions to fully capture the effects of local species replacements in highly degraded habitats on biotic homogenisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Protected Areas in Nepal as a Barrier Against Plant Invasions Are Associated With Lower Propagule Pressure and Less Intensive Disturbance","authors":"Suneeta Bhatta,&nbsp;Martin Hejda,&nbsp;Petr Pyšek","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protected areas are established to conserve global biodiversity threatened by various factors, including invasive plants. We recorded naturalised alien plants inside and outside of protected areas to test whether they act as a barrier against the spread of alien plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five protected areas of Nepal on the central Himalayan foothills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using 6-km transects running 3 km inside and 3 km outside of the protected areas, we sampled 30 m × 30 m plots at 300 m intervals and analysed how the representation of naturalised plants changed with increasing distance from the boundary in both directions. The relationships between the position on a transect and naturalised species richness and Shannon diversity were tested by generalised linear mixed-effect models and linear mixed-effects models, respectively. Further, we used regression trees to identify variables potentially confounded with the distance from the park boundary. Then, we calculated the GLMM and LMM models accounting for the selected confounded variables. Multivariate constrained ordination analyses were performed to test the effects of elevation, tree canopy, vegetation type, disturbance, propagule pressure, distance from the park boundary, time since the park establishment and location inside versus outside protected areas on the composition of naturalised species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chitwan National Park harboured most naturalised species (30), followed by Suklaphanta (20), Parsa (19), Bardia (18) and Banke National Park (17). Overall, the richness and Shannon diversity of naturalised plants were significantly higher outside than inside the protected areas. When all protected areas were evaluated together, naturalised plant species richness and diversity decreased significantly from the outside to the interior of the parks, even after accounting for the selected potentially confounded factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Naturalised plant species are less represented within protected areas than outside their boundaries, which is partly due to lower propagule pressure and less intensive disturbances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Antarctic Seabird Breeding Occupancy From a Century of Observations to Inform Environmental Management and Conservation","authors":"Colin Southwell,&nbsp;Louise Emmerson,&nbsp;Nat Kelly,&nbsp;Dale Maschette,&nbsp;John Arnould,&nbsp;Christophe Barbraud,&nbsp;Jeroen Creuwels,&nbsp;Robyn Delaney,&nbsp;Karine Delord,&nbsp;John Gibson,&nbsp;Ken Green,&nbsp;Mark Hindell,&nbsp;Harold Heatwole,&nbsp;Peter Hodum,&nbsp;Cindy L. Hull,&nbsp;Akiko Kato,&nbsp;Nobuo Kokubun,&nbsp;Anna Lashko,&nbsp;Gary Miller,&nbsp;Ian Norman,&nbsp;Frederique Olivier,&nbsp;Anant Pande,&nbsp;Graham Robertson,&nbsp;Marcus Salton,&nbsp;Akinori Takahashi,&nbsp;Jan van Franeker,&nbsp;Simon Ward,&nbsp;Barbara Wienecke,&nbsp;Eric J. Woehler","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To map presence, absence and ignorance of Antarctic seabird breeding occupancy at the spatial resolution of ice-free habitat sites to identify knowledge gaps and inform management and conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>East Antarctica between longitudes 30° E and 150° E.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We develop a unifying spatial and inferential framework to compile and interpret observations of Antarctic seabird breeding occupancy. The spatial framework allowed consistent geo-referencing of observations at the spatial resolution of habitat sites. The compilation included published papers and datasets, unpublished reports, research station logs and unpublished field notes. Where possible, observations and inferences were validated by the ‘experts’ who originally collected data. The inferential framework categorised levels of uncertainty for inferring occupancy and distinguished knowledge of occupancy from ignorance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After a century of observations, there are still knowledge gaps in seabird breeding occupancy along large sections of the East Antarctic coastline and across most of continental East Antarctica where breeding habitat is available. The spatial extent of knowledge and ignorance is strongly dependent on the level of certainty used to infer absence. Observations are clustered close to permanently occupied research stations, most of which are located on the coast, and biased in favour of species that are most emblematic of Antarctica or those with a less secure conservation status. The spatial and temporal coverage of observations in recent decades would be insufficient to effectively detect change in most species' breeding occupancy distributions across their range into the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our compilation and mapping of occupancy data contributes to practical conservation measures to mitigate impacts of human activities including aviation and fisheries on seabirds in Antarctica, and serves as a foundation to strategically improve future environmental management and conservation. We urge future occupancy monitoring to explicitly report the location of search effort and potential absence in addition to presence and to aim to close spatial knowledge gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}