Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Species Richness Mitigates but Does Not Eliminate Functional Vulnerability in Natural Forests","authors":"Cheng Sun, Jie Yao, Runguo Zang","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecosystem functioning is intimately tied to the functional composition of communities, particularly to the distribution of species across trait space. Although species-rich communities are widely assumed to promote the stability of functional diversity, whether this diversity–function coupling is consistently maintained in natural forest ecosystems remains to be systematically assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we used datasets from five 6-ha natural forest dynamics plots spanning approximately 6000 km across northern and southern China. On the basis of functional traits of woody plant species, we constructed functional entities and their corresponding functional space, then quantified the number of species within each functional entity to characterise community functional structure. Using this framework, we calculated functional redundancy, functional over-redundancy, and functional vulnerability to evaluate the degree of species substitutability within functional entities, thereby revealing the potential impacts of species loss on the stability of community functioning. Furthermore, we employed a null model approach to generate the expected values of these functional indices in order to test whether the observed community functional patterns under species loss result from random assembly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Along the climatic gradient from cold-temperate to tropical regions, both functional redundancy and functional over-redundancy of woody plant communities increased and were significantly positively correlated with species richness. In contrast, functional vulnerability gradually decreased and was negatively correlated with species richness. Null model testing indicated that species distribution across functional entities is highly uneven and right-skewed; regardless of overall species richness, most species clustered in a few FEs, whereas a high percentage of FEs (on average 55%) were occupied by a single, functionally unique species. This structural imbalance underscores a relatively high functional vulnerability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional redundancy is highly unevenly distributed across different natural forest communities. Regardless of species richness, many unique combinations of functional traits are supported by only a single species, making the func","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Local Ecological Knowledge and Fishing Effort Data to Inform Bycatch Management of Threatened Marine Fauna in Small-Scale Fisheries","authors":"Wenyi Li,&nbsp;Yining Chen,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the utility of local ecological knowledge (LEK) and fishing effort data in revealing bycatch patterns of marine threatened species in small-scale fisheries to inform their conservation and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Northern Haizhou Bay, China (35° to 37° N, 119° to 122° E).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted semi-structured interviews on fishers (<i>N</i> = 97) in small-scale fisheries to derive LEK about bycatch of 20 threatened species (12 sharks, one mammal, one seahorse and six seabirds). We analysed the bycatch/sighting occurrence seasonality, gear-specific bycatch risk, perceived bycatch levels and trends of these species. We compared the qualitative description with quantitative data of bycatch levels using Hellinger Distances. We identified fishery-wildlife conflict hotspots based on fishing effort data from the Global Fishing Watch and LEK-elicited species distributions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results revealed that the fishers could provide occurrences of 12 threatened fauna (excluding seabirds) which peaked in spring and autumn; their perceived bycatch levels were generally very low. Overall, fishers couldn't discriminate seabird species and suggested that bycatch of seabirds was extremely rare. Trawlers imposed the highest bycatch risk to almost all focal species. Of the six species with available data, only two had qualitative categorisations of perceived bycatch levels that aligned with quantitative estimates. Perceived bycatch levels of all species declined, but only three had quantitative estimations (a decline rate of 80%–89% over past decade). Additionally, bycatch of threatened species largely occurred in a coastal area (34°30′–36°30′ N and 119°0′–121°30′ E) that was heavily fished.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The threatened marine bycatch fauna in the Northern Haizhou Bay demand urgent population assessment and precautionary management measures. Fishers' quantitative and qualitative knowledge provides useful data on bycatch levels and their trends for these fauna. Our study provides a cost-effective approach to inform bycatch management of threatened marine species in small-scale fisheries of developing countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orchids in the Open: Understanding Biodiversity Beyond Madagascar's Forests","authors":"Jakub D. Wieczorkowski,&nbsp;Landy R. Rajaovelona,&nbsp;Johan Hermans,&nbsp;Tariq Stévart,&nbsp;Henintsoa Razanajatovo,&nbsp;Vincent Droissart,&nbsp;R. Toby Pennington,&nbsp;Alexander Zizka,&nbsp;Caroline E. R. Lehmann","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orchids make up 8% of Madagascar's vascular plant species richness and are typically associated with the island's forests. Yet most of the island is covered by open ecosystems, long dismissed as degraded. This perception has contributed to their neglect, limiting our understanding of species ecology and hindering conservation action in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using orchids, we provide a novel understanding of plant diversity patterns across Madagascar's ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Madagascar.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the ecosystem attribution of the 884 orchid species of Madagascar among closed (forest) and open (grassy, marsh, rocky outcrop, scrub) ecosystems. We analysed the taxonomic composition, richness, environmental niche, geographic patterns, phenology, and collection patterns of orchids using a mix of herbarium, publication, and iNaturalist data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that 31% of Madagascar's orchid species occur in open ecosystems, with 17% restricted to them. These species match closed-ecosystem species in degree of endemism to Madagascar (~85%) but are associated with higher elevations, fire, and pronounced precipitation seasonality, and are distributed particularly in the grassy Central Highlands, a region historically undervalued ecologically compared to humid forests. Temporally, open-ecosystem specialist orchids exhibit strongly synchronous, brief wet-season flowering, unlike the more diffuse flowering observed throughout the year in forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reveal a distinct component of Madagascar's orchid flora, demonstrating that open-ecosystem species represent high endemism and ecological specialisation, with implications for understanding biogeography and conservation planning across tropical landscapes. These results provide an evidence base for open ecosystem conservation and suggest that other taxa may also be under-represented in our understanding of Madagascar's open-ecosystem biodiversity. Re-evaluating open ecosystems can uncover overlooked dimensions of species diversity and ecological function, informing more balanced conservation strategies across contrasting ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of a Non-Native Amphibian in Britain Explained by a Complex History of Introductions and Translocations","authors":"Rachel Hester,&nbsp;Jim Labisko,&nbsp;Trenton W. J. Garner,&nbsp;Jinliang Wang","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70141","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Success in a biological invasion often depends on whether the non-native species can disperse from its introduction site and spread across the invaded landscape. The alpine newt, &lt;i&gt;Ichthyosaura alpestris&lt;/i&gt;, has achieved a widespread distribution in Britain in the last century, with new records continuously reported. The objective of this study was to utilise population genomic analyses to disentangle the invasion history of &lt;i&gt;I. alpestris&lt;/i&gt; in Britain, focusing on whether distribution was attained through natural dispersal or human-aided translocations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;England, Wales, and Scotland.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We sampled 95 individuals from 11 geographical locations across Britain and used ddRAD-sequencing to genotype over 20,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We investigated the invasion history of &lt;i&gt;I. alpestris&lt;/i&gt; using population genomic analyses, migration estimates and by identifying historical admixture and population splits.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our results demonstrate strong population structure among sites and distinct genetic clusters. This is consistent with multiple, independent introductions or a single introduction followed by translocation and population sub-structuring due to isolation and drift. By building a maximum likelihood tree and inferring gene flow, we find evidence for the multiple introduction scenario. Population structure analyses combined with genetic diversity analysis also provide evidence for human-assisted movement of newts across the British landscape, resulting in geographically distant populations being assigned to the same genetic cluster. Based on contemporary gene flow and migration analyses, we demonstrate that introduction followed by long-distance natural dispersal is unlikely to be responsible for the spread of this invasive species in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings imply that multiple introductions and human-mediated translocation play a central role in the spread of alpine newts across the British landscape, allowing them to overcome barriers to natural dispersal and achieve widespread distribution. This lack of natural dispersal and low risk of unaided long-distance spread suggests that management should focus on localised eradication if needed. Our study also illustrates how genomics can be used in conjunction with historical","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘The Contribution of Hydric Habitats to the Richness of the Cape Fynbos Flora’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>van Blerk, J. J., M. D. Cramer, A. G. West, S. D. Musker, and G. A. Verboom (2025). The Contribution of Hydric Habitats to the Richness of the Cape Fynbos Flora. <i>Diversity and Distributions</i>, 31: e13962. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13962.</p><p>It has come to our attention that the units for one variable in our analysis, <b>groundwater contribution to baseflow</b>, were reported incorrectly in the source document from which we obtained these data: Groundwater Resource Assessment II, Task 2C Groundwater Planning Potential Report (Project number 2003–150, 1 Final version 2006-02-24). In the source document, the units for this variable were represented as having been normalised by area while the values were not actually normalised and represented totals for quaternary catchments. Following discussions with the authors of the source document, who acknowledge this error, we have corrected groundwater contribution to baseflow by normalising the total quaternary catchment values by their area, resulting in updated, area normalised values, spatial patterns and units. We also note that the temporal scale over, which groundwater contribution to baseflow was measured, was not previously specified in our article; the values represent annual timescales. The final reported units for groundwater contribution to baseflow are, therefore, m³ km⁻² a⁻¹.</p><p>Minor changes to the text in the article within the results section are provided below:</p><p>3.3 | Environmental Correlates of Hydric Habitat Association</p><p>PARAGRAPH 1:</p><p>Updated supporting Table for BRT model performance.</p><p><b>[Updated Table]</b> TABLE S1: Model performance of boosted regression trees (BRT) explaining the spatial distribution of hydric habitat species richness residuals (HHSɛ) using nine environmental variables.\u0000 </p><p>The corrections described in this document have little to no impact on our overall interpretation of the results and only provide stronger support for the conclusions and discussion points made in our article, highlighting groundwater as a key factor influencing the incidence and spatial distribution of hydric habitat-associated species. Nonetheless, we feel that this correction should be highlighted. We sincerely apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Environmental Gradients, Functional Traits, and Phylogenetic Structure in Meloidae (Coleoptera) Assemblages of Inner Western Anatolia","authors":"Muhammed Arif Demir,&nbsp;Mahmut Kabalak","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70174","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) exhibit complex life cycles, strong host dependencies, and unusual dispersal strategies, yet community-level ecological analyses remain rare. We aimed to identify the environmental drivers of Meloidae assemblage structure and species richness, assess whether species responses are taxonomically structured, and evaluate the extent to which functional traits mediate species–environment relationships.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Inner Western Anatolia, Türkiye.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We applied a Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) framework to 28 Meloidae species sampled across 487 sites. The model integrated environmental predictors, spatial and temporal random effects, taxonomic relatedness, and functional traits related to dispersal (triungulin phoresy, host type) and hind wing morphology derived from geometric morphometrics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Species exhibited pronounced and heterogeneous responses to environmental gradients, with clear taxonomic structuring at genus and tribe levels. Climatic variability—particularly precipitation dynamics during the activity period—emerged as a key driver of species occurrences, while topographic context further modulated responses through linear and non-linear effects. In contrast, assemblage-level species richness showed weak and context-dependent relationships with environmental gradients, reflecting compensatory, taxonomically structured species turnover rather than uniform richness change. Functional traits played a limited and selective role: triungulin phoresy and variation in wing centroid size were associated with a small subset of environmental gradients, whereas most trait–environment interactions were weak. Residual co-occurrence patterns were dominated by spatial structure, indicating that assemblage organisation primarily reflects spatial context and dispersal processes rather than stable biotic interactions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Meloidae assemblages in Inner Western Anatolia are structured by heterogeneous, taxonomically patterned species responses to environmental variability rather than by simple richness gradients or universal trait effects. Integrating environmental, taxonomic, and trait information within a joint modelling framework reveals how compositional turnover, spatial context, and life-history c","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Terrestrial and Limnic Species Richness in Germany","authors":"Julia S. Ellerbrok,&nbsp;Maria Sporbert,&nbsp;Vera Schreiner,&nbsp;Christian Ristok,&nbsp;Nina Farwig,&nbsp;Georg J. A. Hähn,&nbsp;Reinhard Klenke,&nbsp;Gunnar Seidler,&nbsp;Jori Maylin Marx,&nbsp;Anja Schmidt,&nbsp;Josef Settele,&nbsp;Christian Wirth,&nbsp;Christian Albert,&nbsp;Claus Bässler,&nbsp;Veronika Braunisch,&nbsp;Heiko Brunken,&nbsp;Klaus-Jürgen Conze,&nbsp;David Eichenberg,&nbsp;Nico Eisenhauer,&nbsp;Götz Ellwanger,&nbsp;Joshua Ferenczy,&nbsp;Bettina Gerlach,&nbsp;Dagmar Haase,&nbsp;Alexander Harpke,&nbsp;Fabian Herder,&nbsp;Florian Jansen,&nbsp;Johannes Kamp,&nbsp;Jakob Katzenberger,&nbsp;Peter Keil,&nbsp;Elisabeth Kühn,&nbsp;André Mascarenhas,&nbsp;Jörg Müller,&nbsp;Martin Musche,&nbsp;Hong Hanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Peter Pogoda,&nbsp;Axel Ssymank,&nbsp;Frank Suhling,&nbsp;Heide-Rose Vatterrott,&nbsp;Thilo Wellmann,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by human impacts. While abiotic conditions are well known to shape species richness, the role of human activities remains less clear. We examined how abiotic and human factors influence terrestrial and limnic species richness in a densely populated region with a long land-use history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1900–2023 (varies by taxonomic group).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mammals, breeding birds, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, dragonflies, fungi, vascular plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species richness data were aggregated in 11 × 11 km grid cells and related to abiotic (climate, soil) and human drivers (land use, protection status). We applied a two-step approach: (1) Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) to select relevant predictor variables and (2) Generalised Additive Models (GAMs) to test their effects, accounting for spatial autocorrelation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Land-use and climate were similarly important for species richness (26% vs. 21% in BRTs), while protection status and soil contributed less (8% and 9%). GAMs showed positive effects of temperature across many groups. Among land-use factors, human footprint, urban open spaces and water bodies consistently enhanced richness. Protected areas were positively related to richness, whereas soil variables had mixed effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Germany, species richness peaks not only in semi-natural, protected areas but also along water bodies and within settlement open spaces. These results suggest that conservation strategies should integrate both traditional protected areas and human-modified habitats that sustain high biodiversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Spatial Discrepancy Between Colombian Freshwater Fish Suitable Habitats and Existing Protected Areas","authors":"Thomas Tomiczek,&nbsp;Jaime García Márquez,&nbsp;Robert Arlinghaus,&nbsp;Sami Domisch","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing anthropogenic pressures on freshwater biodiversity raise the important question: how well is it represented within protected areas? We address this question using the freshwater fish fauna of a neotropical biodiversity hotspot to estimate (i) how the fish fauna is covered by the existing protected areas and (ii) to which degree alternative protected area configurations may have the potential to increase the number of fish species under protection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Colombia and neighbouring countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first compiled 238,278 geographic occurrences for 1313 freshwater fish species and cleaned the species data by harmonising the nomenclature and revising the geo-referenced coordinates. Using the GMTED-digital elevation model, we delineated a stream network and extracted the corresponding 38,150 sub-catchments that served as spatial units for the analysis. We then employed ensemble species distribution modelling to project potentially suitably habitats of single fish species across the study area. Finally, we used spatial prioritisation analyses, specifically integer linear programming to account for 30% of each fish suitable habitat within newly-delineated priority areas, that is, hypothetical protected areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the newly-delineated priority areas overlap only by 25.2% with the existing protected areas. Strikingly, the required amount of area for protection is similar to that of the existing protected areas, reflecting, however, a major spatial mismatch between the two. Moreover, we found that endemic and threatened species, especially in the Magdalena-Cauca and Pacific-Choco basins, contributed towards the newly-delineated priority areas that would be integral for an efficient freshwater fish protection in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the high discrepancy between freshwater biodiversity conservation and protected areas in Colombia and guide the integration of those areas with high ecological value yet reduced anthropogenic impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Based Data Integration Improves Species Distribution Models for Data-Deficient and Narrow-Ranged Hummingbird Species","authors":"Jussi Mäkinen,&nbsp;Jeremy Cohen,&nbsp;Walter Jetz","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For species with narrow ranges or low population sizes, a deficiency of species occurrence records can limit the capacity to build accurate species distribution models (SDMs). Model-based integration of data from multiple sources has been offered as a solution to improve predictions of species' distributions at large scales, especially for data-deficient species, but clear empirical demonstrations for this are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>South and Central America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied a state-of-the-art data integration technique to model the distributions of 98 hummingbird species. We fitted SDMs using either presence-absence (PA) data from eBird or presence-only (PO) data from eBird and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and compared them to integrated SDMs, which utilise both PA and PO data. We fitted generalised linear mixed-effects models and validated them with spatial block cross-validation and expert range map adjusted validation. We also conducted an experiment using artificially thinned datasets of 47 abundant enough species to assess model performance under different levels of data deficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data integration improved model performance compared with PA models for small-ranging and data-deficient species for which PA data covered poorly the environmental conditions in the study area. Still, the difference to PA models was very small. The thinning experiment showed that even a small amount of PO data in data integration improved the predictive accuracy in comparison to PA models. In comparison to PO models, data integration improved models over all species, but especially for data-rich species with large geographical ranges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, data integration enables a more comprehensive capture of available species information and can improve range predictions in comparison to conventional modelling methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70182 “Integrating multiple data sources improves predicted distributions in hummingbirds, including Sparkling violetear (<i>Colibri coruscans</i>)”.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}