Diversity and Distributions最新文献

{"title":"Coarse-Scale Online Data Reveal Habitat Similarities but Weak Cross-Taxa Congruence Between Insectivorous Bats and Birds in the Eastern United States","authors":"Evan C. Drake,&nbsp;Brooke Maslo","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prudent use of cross-taxa congruence can aid biodiversity conservation by quantitatively evaluating possible indicator taxa. However, highly variable results among spatial extents and study regions present challenges to its practical application. We aim to evaluate insectivorous birds as possible surrogate taxa for bats. Bats are cryptic, understudied, and imperilled animals that may greatly benefit from conservation actions targeted at more easily observable surrogate taxa, should strong congruence exist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temperate and northern forests of the eastern United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 6 years of data from eBird and the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) to explore cross-taxa congruence and broad-scale habitat associations between insectivorous birds and bats in eastern North America. We used spatial linear models to evaluate cross-taxa congruence and community responses to coarse-scale habitat features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicated weak positive congruence for species richness of bats and birds. We revealed similar strong community responses to forest structure. Birds were more responsive to the distribution of forested habitat in the landscape and forest type. Additional principal component analysis revealed high overlap between cavity-nesting birds and snag-roosting bats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results discourage the general use of birds as surrogates for bats in eastern and northern temperate forests. Our eclectically sourced dataset yielded habitat associations that align well with known trends in bat and bird biodiversity, which suggest potential utility of mass-aggregated online resources for answering broad-scale ecological questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Hydrology, Aquatic Vegetation, Habitat Size and Connectivity in Shaping Food Webs in a Eutrophic Agricultural Marshland","authors":"Camille Leclerc,&nbsp;Julie Crabot,&nbsp;Benjamin Bergerot,&nbsp;Olivier Gore,&nbsp;Gérard Lacroix,&nbsp;Anne Bonis,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Paillisson","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70077","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding food-web responses to environmental gradients is crucial for guiding effective ecosystem management measures. This aspect remains understudied in wetlands, particularly in human-managed marshlands, despite the fact that many environmental factors can be controlled. This study examines whether and how hydrology, aquatic vegetation, habitat size and connectivity shape food-web structures in drainage ditches and their conservation implications.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Marais Poitevin, the second-largest agricultural marshland in western France (with concepts and methodologies applicable globally).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From 2015 to 2021, macrofauna (including amphibians, fish and macroinvertebrates) were sampled from 55 ditches across eleven hydrological blocks with distinct water management strategies. Using literature-based trophic links, we reconstructed food webs (representing potential trophic interactions among locally co-occurring taxa) and computed four descriptors: proportions of top predators and omnivores, connectance and the maximum trophic level. Then, we applied structural equation modelling to investigate the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on these food-web metrics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ditches with unstable hydrology, experiencing large water level fluctuations and prolonged droughts, supported food webs with higher connectance, while the maximum trophic level remained unaffected. In contrast, wider ditches with higher water levels and complex aquatic vegetation supported food webs with longer food chains but lower connectance. Many of these effects were mediated by the proportions of top predators and omnivores, and, in fluctuating hydrological conditions, by aquatic vegetation complexity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining key environmental conditions to support complex and diverse food webs in human-modified ecosystems, such as in highly water-regulated agricultural marshes. Ecosystems with food webs featuring longer trophic chains and lower connectance may be more vulnerable, as species loss can trigger cascading effects. Specifically, to sustain ecosystem integrity, conservation efforts should focus on preventing habitat contraction and simplification while mitigating hydrological fluctuations to balance food-web stabili","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Karstic Aquifers for the Past and Future Survival of Groundwater Amphipods","authors":"Marjorie Couton,&nbsp;Mara Knüsel,&nbsp;Nadine Locher,&nbsp;Roman Alther,&nbsp;Florian Altermatt","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic diversity is key to the long-term maintenance and adaptability of species to changing environments. While for above-ground ecosystems, the monitoring and understanding of genetic diversity has advanced substantially, some less accessible ecosystems and their organisms have been largely overseen. This is particularly the case for groundwater organisms. It is not only difficult to collect sufficient genetic data to identify spatial patterns but they may also have been experiencing very different drivers to population size, occurrence, and genetic structure due to very limited dispersal capacity and persistence in areas extending glacial cycles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Switzerland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we use a unique and spatially highly resolved data set containing a representative collection of thousands of <i>Niphargus</i> amphipod individuals across Switzerland. We analysed the genetic structure of ~1300 individuals of five species within their contemporary distribution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a significantly higher diversity in karstic aquifers and a correlation between the genetic diversity of a species and the proportion of its distribution in the karst.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This identifies karstic ecosystems as specific targets for future conservation programmes but also indicates that these karstic areas could have been possible refugia of Pleistocene persistence. Being epicentres of genetic diversity, the protection of the karst is also central for the maintenance of groundwater organisms' adaptive potential to future climatic changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human and Environmental Factors Shape Tree Species Assemblages in West African Tropical Forests","authors":"Sijeh A. Asuk,&nbsp;Joseph P. Wayman,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Sadler,&nbsp;Thomas A. M. Pugh,&nbsp;Thomas J. Matthews,&nbsp;Vincent T. Ebu,&nbsp;Oliver L. Phillips,&nbsp;Simon Lewis,&nbsp;Bonaventure Sonké,&nbsp;Joey Talbot,&nbsp;James Comiskey,&nbsp;Lise Zemagho,&nbsp;Lucas Ojo,&nbsp;Serge Begne,&nbsp;Hermann Taedoumg,&nbsp;Terry Sunderland,&nbsp;Wannes Hubau,&nbsp;Vincent Droissart,&nbsp;Lan Qie,&nbsp;Martin Gilpin,&nbsp;Murielle Simo-Droissart,&nbsp;Ted Feldpausch,&nbsp;Kelvin S. H. Peh,&nbsp;Lindsay F. Banin,&nbsp;Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem,&nbsp;Nicholas Kettridge","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70075","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study investigated how human activities and local environmental variables shape tree assemblages (species composition in a defined location), comparing their effects on edible and inedible tree species. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Environmental filtering impacts spatial beta-diversity more than dispersal limitation; (2) human activities significantly influence regional tree beta-diversity; and (3) predictors of beta-diversity differ between edible and inedible species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tropical forest in Nigeria and Cameroon in West and Central Africa.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tree data were collected between 2002 and 2019 from 66 forest plots. Species were categorised as edible and inedible by humans using interviews and online databases. Pairwise beta-diversity (partitioned into total beta-diversity and turnover) between plots was analysed using Generalised Dissimilarity Models (GDMs) with geographical distance, plot-specific variables (forest composition, climate, elevation, stem density, human influence indicators), and human influence indicators (distance to closest human presence [DCHP], and nearest anthropogenic edges [DNAE]) as predictors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The dataset included 236 edible species (11,097 stems) and 472 inedible species (17,202 stems), with high species turnover (&gt; 90%) dominating beta-diversity patterns. Due to local plot-level factors, environmental filtering (deviance explained for all species: 37.4%, edible: 18.9% and inedible: 31.4%) exerted greater influence on species assemblages than geographical distance alone. Beta-diversity drivers differed between edible and inedible species: elevation strongly influenced turnover in inedible species, whereas forest composition significantly shaped the assemblage of edible species, reflecting patterns of human-mediated species selection and species dominance. Human presence impacted the overall beta-diversity of inedible species but only influenced the turnover component of edible species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Tree assemblages in the Nigeria–Cameroon forest region were primarily structured by local environmental conditions and human activities rather than by dispersal limitation. Effective conservation should incorporate sustainable human activities and traditional ecological knowledge, with further research needed to expl","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Pressures Drive Global Mammalian Species Richness Loss and Community Change","authors":"Sarah L. Schooler,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Belant","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the earth's human population increases, anthropogenic effects on ecosystems are also increasing. Mammalian communities are especially vulnerable, as more than one-quarter of the world's mammal species are threatened with extinction. Therefore, it is important to determine how anthropogenic pressures have altered biodiversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global (approximately 79% of Earth's terrestrial area).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used 1970s (“past”) and 21st century (“present”) range maps for 205 terrestrial non-volant mammals to estimate change in species richness and community composition for 0.5° by 0.5° grid cells globally. We then used generalised linear models to examine how changes in climate and land use as well as elevation, the extent of protected areas, amount of wildlife trade, and environmental performance index affect mammal richness and community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that mammal communities experienced on average an exchange of about half their species, and mammal species richness has declined by a quarter of a species worldwide. Increased temperatures were linked to an increase in richness and greater community change. Areas with the greatest declines in richness and community change had fewer protected areas and increased agricultural land conversion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While temperature change is the most important factor driving change in mammal community composition and richness, increased protected area and decreased conversion of land to agriculture led to increased preservation of richness and community composition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding the impacts of climate change and maintaining natural and protected areas in biodiversity conservation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollinator Interactions of Native and Introduced Plants in Smallholder Tropical Orchards Across a Gradient of Anthropogenic Landscapes","authors":"Kanuengnit Wayo,&nbsp;Tuanjit Sritongchuay,&nbsp;Pattraporn Simla,&nbsp;Suntaree Karnchananiyom,&nbsp;Tuan Ngoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Orawan Duangphakdee,&nbsp;Mark van Kleunen","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anthropogenic habitats commonly favour introduced species. However, there is little information regarding the responses of pollinators to native and introduced plants across anthropogenic landscapes. The main goal of the study is to investigate pollinator interactions of native and introduced plants across smallholder tropical orchards in Thailand, as these plantations are essential to local food security.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Smallholder tropical orchards in Thailand.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled data from four recent studies on plant–pollinator networks in 65 smallholder tropical orchards across Thailand. Using network analyses, we compared species degree (i.e., the number of pollinator species visiting a plant) and specialisation (&lt;i&gt;d'&lt;/i&gt;) between native and introduced plant species, with the latter further categorised into non-naturalised, naturalised and invasive groups. Analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), treating individual plant species as the unit of analysis and incorporating orchard identity nested within study as a random effect. Additionally, we examined whether variation in surrounding anthropogenic landscapes (i.e., the proportion of agricultural and urbanised areas) and the proportional representation of introduced plant species influenced the structure of plant–pollinator networks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Overall, specialisation (&lt;i&gt;d'&lt;/i&gt;) of the native plants was significantly greater than that of the introduced plants, while pollinators exhibited no preference towards naturalised or invasive plants over non-naturalised ones. We found a decrease in species degree of native plants as well as connectance and linkage density with increasing proportion of anthropogenic areas, likely due to limited floral resources and nesting availability. However, we also found an increase in network specialisation (&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;′&lt;/i&gt;) with a higher proportion of urban area.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Understanding the impact of land-use changes with the presence of introduced plant species is important for predicting community stability of plant–pollinator interactions as well as for habitat management strategies. Surrounding natural habitat and important food plants should be preserved and promoted to maintain pollinator interactions in human-dominated areas.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reef Fish Assemblage Through Space and Time in a Thermal Transition Zone in the Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Natalia C. Roos,&nbsp;Sara B. Kennedy,&nbsp;Douglas Moraes,&nbsp;Mauricio Hostim-Silva,&nbsp;Fabiana C. Félix-Hackradt,&nbsp;Carlos W. Hackradt","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessing the structure of reef fish assemblages and their spatiotemporal changes (β-diversity) in seven reef locations across a thermal transition zone in the southwestern Atlantic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern Brazilian coast, from the northern Abrolhos Bank (17° S; 26.37°C) to the southern Espírito Santo state (20° S; 21.13°C).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used four- and 6-year datasets from underwater visual censuses to assess spatial patterns and temporal trends in reef fish density, biomass, diversity, trophic groups, and β-diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified two main clusters of reef locations along the latitudinal gradient. Reefs from the Abrolhos Bank formed a distinct group characterised by higher fish density, biomass, and diversity. Fish assemblages in Espírito Santo exhibited a high species balance component relative to the Abrolhos Bank, with a turnover rate of ~63% between regions. Most trophic groups were more abundant in the Abrolhos Bank, except for planktivores and sessile invertivores. Spatial β-diversity decreased between regions over time, with species nestedness and turnover contributing variably to dissimilarity by year. Temporal changes in β-diversity were mostly driven by both extirpation-resultant homogenisation and colonisation-resultant heterogenisation. The former was mainly influenced by a decline of mobile invertivores and macrocarnivores with a tendency toward cooler thermal affinities, while the latter was influenced by an increase in species from the same trophic groups with a tendency toward warmer thermal affinities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results may be linked to both rising temperatures and overfishing. Despite the ecological relevance of the eastern Brazilian coast regarding marine biodiversity, only 19% of our sampled sites are fully protected (mostly within the Abrolhos Bank), while the remaining sites have been subjected not only to global stressors but also to local impacts, including overfishing. We emphasise the need to monitor and protect transition zones, such as the eastern Brazilian coast, amid habitat changes driven by warming oceans and local impacts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Decline for Plants in the California Floristic Province: Does Demography or Geography Determine Climate Change Vulnerability?","authors":"Gregory A. Backus,&nbsp;M. Brooke Rose,&nbsp;Santiago J. E. Velazco,&nbsp;Janet Franklin,&nbsp;Alexandra D. Syphard,&nbsp;Helen M. Regan","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The role of species' demography and geography can be difficult to disentangle when projecting future population decline under global change. By constructing and combining species-specific ecological models for plants in a fire-prone Mediterranean-type ecosystem, we explored how demography and geography can differentially affect population projections of plant species in the coming century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>California, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a set of linked demographic-distribution models for six Californian plant species, representing a range of life history characteristics found in the California Floristic Province. These ecological models simulate stochastic population dynamics to show how plant species might differentially respond to geographic patterns in climate change and fire regime scenarios when considering species-specific traits. By integrating each combination of species-specific demographic model with each of the other species' distribution models, we assessed the role of habitat loss and demographic constraints in the population declines of these plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that all species experienced substantial population decline by 2085 under our simulations, with total species' abundances primarily influenced by habitat loss from climate and land-use change. Species' demography had a larger influence on subpopulation-level dynamics, especially in areas predicted to have frequent wildfires.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our research underscores that responses to climate change are shaped by the interplay between species-specific demography and geographic distribution. Though species distribution models may be able to predict changes in which areas will be suitable throughout species' theoretical niche limits, species-specific population dynamics are critical to projecting how populations might change in abundance at more local scales. Conservation decisions should integrate both geographic and demographic factors to effectively address climate-induced threats at both regional and local scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over 1200 Non-Native Species Are Established in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Ismael Soto,&nbsp;Francisco J. Oficialdegui,&nbsp;Sergio Bedmar,&nbsp;César Capinha,&nbsp;Ronaldo Sousa,&nbsp;Emili García-Berthou,&nbsp;Carolina Mendes Muniz,&nbsp;Javier Oscoz,&nbsp;Carlos Cano-Barbacil,&nbsp;Pedro M. Anastácio,&nbsp;Elena Angulo,&nbsp;Christian Arnanz,&nbsp;Margarita Florencio,&nbsp;Antonín Kouba,&nbsp;Rafael Miranda,&nbsp;Francisco J. Oliva-Paterna,&nbsp;Filipe Ribeiro,&nbsp;Jordi López-Pujol,&nbsp;Meritxell Dalmau,&nbsp;Clara Pladevall,&nbsp;Miguel Porto,&nbsp;Phillip J. Haubrock,&nbsp;Elizabeta Briski","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a consequence of globalisation, biological invasions have become an increasing concern due to multifaceted ecological and socio-economic impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite the increasing availability and accessibility of data, a comprehensive assessment of established non-native species and their distribution in the Iberian Peninsula has not been conducted so far.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iberian Peninsula, including Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compiled a harmonised dataset of 1273 established non-native species from multiple regional, national, and global sources. We analysed taxonomic composition, introduction pathways, and native biogeographic realms. Temporal patterns were assessed using first-record data, while spatial patterns were mapped using high-resolution occurrence data from GBIF and national databases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of established non-native species are vascular plants and insects, specifically of the classes Magnoliopsida and Insecta and the families Asteraceae and Formicidae, respectively. Overall, the most common pathways of introduction were escapes from human facilities and transport-related mechanisms (contaminant and stowaway), but their importance varies among countries. Established non-native species were mostly native to the other regions within the Palearctic, followed by the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Regarding the time of introduction, first records increased steadily until the last decades of the 20th century, when the introduction rate slowed down; yet new introductions persist. Finally, our spatial analysis identified that areas with high human population density and coastal zones recorded the highest number of established non-native species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Iberian Peninsula hosts a high number and diversity of established non-native species. Given the ongoing rise in cumulative introductions and the role of unintentional human-driven pathways, strengthening prevention measures is vital to reduce future invasions. However, with many non-native species already established, effective management efforts are equally crucial to curb further spread and mitigate consequent impacts, especially in areas of conservation interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the Composition and Biodiversity of Native Trees in Tropical Forests: Effects of Invasive Species, Topography, and Habitat","authors":"Julissa Rojas-Sandoval,&nbsp;Steven J. Presley,&nbsp;Michael R. Willig","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the role of invasive species in ecological communities, and how native and invaders interact to shape the composition, biodiversity, and structure of contemporary forests, is crucial for effective management and conservation action. This is especially important in tropical regions, for which the mechanisms and consequences of invasion remain understudied compared to temperate forests despite increasing research on the effects of invasives during recent decades. Here, we evaluate the roles of invasive species composition, topography, and habitat in shaping the composition and biodiversity of native tree communities in tropical forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Puerto Rico, United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from 188 permanent plots across closed-canopy and post-agricultural secondary forests. Multivariate analysis of variance and variation partitioning were used to quantify the contributions of invasive species composition (NMDS axes derived from species-level densities [stems/ha]), habitat (forest type, soil type, forest age, historical land use), and topography (elevation, slope, aspect) to variation in native tree composition and biodiversity. Analyses were conducted island-wide and within each of three forest types (dry, moist, and wet forests).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invasive species composition, habitat, and topography explained ~14% of the variation in native tree composition and ~39% of the variation in biodiversity. Invasive species composition, forest type, forest age, elevation, and slope were the primary characteristics accounting for such variation at both scales (island-wide and within each forest type). The full models for native composition and biodiversity were significant at both scales. The relative importance of invasive species composition, habitat, and topography on the composition and biodiversity of native tree communities differed among forest types, but general patterns were the same, with habitat characteristics explaining the greatest amount of variation, followed by topography and invasive species composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invasive species modify the composition and biodiversity of native trees in Puerto Rico. Combined with land-use changes and habitat attributes, they have the potential to significantly alter the composition of tropical forests,","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}