Biodiversity Congruence Across Lake-Watershed Landscapes: Insights From an Analysis of 615 Canadian Sites

IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Sufyan Mirza, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Yannick Huot
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

The rapid decline in freshwater biodiversity and growing disturbances in adjacent terrestrial systems (deforestation, wetland destruction, etc.) are threatening the status of watershed ecosystems. This study focuses on both the aquatic and terrestrial realms to provide a general assessment of the health and integrity of biodiversity across 12 ecozones in Canada. The goal is to improve our assessment of geographical trends in Canadian watersheds and to provide support in the decision making for land use planning.

Location.

615 Canadian lake watersheds, spanning across 12 ecozones.

Methods

We used species richness and Shannon's biodiversity metrics to quantify and map trends in phytoplankton, zooplankton and trees across Canada. A series of generalised additive models (GAMs), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity and the spatial trend of biodiversity across ecozones. Lastly, a series of multivariate regression tree (MRT) analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between land use, environmental variables and watershed biodiversity.

Results

Total watershed biodiversity followed a longitudinal pattern, where biodiversity estimates were greatest across the eastern ecozones of Canada and lowest in central-western Canada (e.g., Prairies). We found moderately positive relationships between aquatic and tree biodiversity that varied across the different ecozones and were generally strongest across eastern ecozones. Results from the MRTs revealed total watershed biodiversity correlated positively with the proportion of natural landscapes and precipitation and negatively with the proportion of agricultural area.

Main Conclusion.

Our findings provide a better understanding of broad-scale watershed biodiversity trends and distribution, which are strongly influenced by the North American elevation gradient and longitudinal patterns of climatic conditions (e.g., precipitation). We found the proportion of agricultural area to be the variable with the strongest negative correlation with biodiversity. These results provide a first portrait of cross-ecosystem diversity trends in Canada and a key resource for large-scale land use planning and climate change mitigation efforts.

Abstract Image

湖泊流域景观的生物多样性一致性:来自615个加拿大地点的分析
淡水生物多样性的迅速减少和邻近陆地系统干扰的加剧(森林砍伐、湿地破坏等)正威胁着流域生态系统的现状。本研究侧重于水生和陆地领域,对加拿大12个生态区生物多样性的健康和完整性进行总体评估。目标是改进我们对加拿大流域地理趋势的评估,并为土地利用规划的决策提供支持。地点:615个加拿大湖泊流域,横跨12个生态区。方法采用物种丰富度和Shannon’s生物多样性指标对加拿大各地的浮游植物、浮游动物和树木进行量化并绘制趋势图。采用广义加性模型(GAMs)、单因素方差分析(单因素方差分析)和Tukey HSD检验,分析了水生和陆地生物多样性与各生态区生物多样性空间变化趋势的关系。最后,利用多变量回归树(MRT)分析了土地利用、环境变量与流域生物多样性之间的关系。结果流域生物多样性总体呈纵向分布,东部生态区生物多样性估计值最高,中西部(如草原)生物多样性估计值最低。我们发现水生生物多样性和树木生物多样性之间存在适度的正相关关系,这种关系在不同的生态区之间存在差异,并且在东部生态区普遍最强。结果表明,流域生物多样性总量与自然景观和降水比例呈正相关,与农业面积比例呈负相关。主要的结论。我们的发现有助于更好地理解受北美海拔梯度和气候条件(如降水)纵向格局强烈影响的大尺度流域生物多样性趋势和分布。我们发现农业面积比例是与生物多样性负相关最强的变量。这些结果提供了加拿大跨生态系统多样性趋势的初步概况,并为大规模土地利用规划和减缓气候变化工作提供了关键资源。
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来源期刊
Diversity and Distributions
Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
195
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.
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