Machines最新文献_第4页

Analysis of Vibration Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Complex Tread Pattern Tires Based on Finite Element Method 基于有限元法的复杂胎面花纹轮胎振动特性及影响因素分析

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060386

Mengdi Xu, Yunfei Ge, Xianbin Du, Zhaohong Meng

{"title":"Analysis of Vibration Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Complex Tread Pattern Tires Based on Finite Element Method","authors":"Mengdi Xu, Yunfei Ge, Xianbin Du, Zhaohong Meng","doi":"10.3390/machines12060386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060386","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration of the tires significantly impacts a vehicle’s ride comfort and noise level; however, the current analysis of tire vibration characteristics often involves excessive simplification in their models, leading to a reduction in model accuracy. To analyze the tire vibrational properties and the influence of its design and service conditions, a combined modeling technology was developed to construct a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a 205/55R16 specification radial tire with intricate tread patterns. The accuracy and reliability of the simulation model was verified through vibration modal tests. Based on the vibration mode theory, the Lanczos method provided by ABAQUS was adopted to analyze the modal characteristics of the tire under free inflation and grounded conditions, and the effects of different inflation pressures, loads, operating conditions, and belt cord angles on the tire vibration characteristics were analyzed. The results indicate that grounding constraints will suppress the low order radial modal frequency of the tire and enhance the lateral modal frequency. The higher the order of the tire vibration mode, the greater the impact of inflation pressure. As the operating conditions change, the modal frequencies of all directions have the same trend of change, and as the ground load increases, the tire is prone to misalignment at lower lateral frequencies. The radial and lateral grounding modes of the tire are slightly affected by the change of the cord angle in the belt layer, but the circumferential grounding frequency decreases as the belt layer angle increases. These research findings offer a crucial foundation for the structural design of complex tread pattern tires, and also serve as a reference for addressing vibration and comfort issues encountered in the tire matching process.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Multi-Robot System for Pier Construction 开发用于码头建设的多机器人系统

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060385

Hyogon Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Jong-Chan Kim, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Jeong-Woo Park, In-Gyu Park, Hyojun Lee, Kyoungseok Noh, Young-Ho Choi, Jin-Ho Suh

{"title":"Development of a Multi-Robot System for Pier Construction","authors":"Hyogon Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Jong-Chan Kim, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Jeong-Woo Park, In-Gyu Park, Hyojun Lee, Kyoungseok Noh, Young-Ho Choi, Jin-Ho Suh","doi":"10.3390/machines12060385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060385","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is a challenging field for the application of robots. In particular, bridge construction, which involves many tasks at great heights, makes it difficult to implement robots. To construct a bridge, it is necessary to build numerous piers that can support the bridge deck. Pier construction involves a series of tasks including rebar connection, formwork installation, concrete pouring, formwork dismantling, and formwork reinstallation. These activities require working at heights, presenting a significant risk of falls. If bridge construction could be performed remotely using robots instead of relying on human labor, it would greatly contribute to the safety of bridge construction. This paper proposes a multi-robot system capable of remote operation and automation for rebar structure connection, concrete pouring, and concrete vibrating tasks in pier construction. The proposed multi-robot system for pier construction is composed of three robot systems. Each robot system consists of a robot arm mounted on a mobile robot that can move along rails. And to apply the proposed system to a construction site, it is essential to implement a compliance control algorithm that adapts to external forces. In this paper, we propose an admittance control that takes into account the weight of the tool for the compliance control of the proposed robot, which performs tasks by switching between various construction tools of different weights. Furthermore, we propose a synchronization control method for the multi-robot system to connect reinforcing structures. We validated the proposed algorithm through simulation. Furthermore, we developed a prototype of the proposed system to verify the feasibility of the suggested hardware design and control.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Thorough Procedure to Design Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators 设计表面贴装式永磁同步发电机的完整程序

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060384

Gustavo Garbelini de Menezes, Narco Afonso Ravazzoli Maciejewski, Elissa Soares de Carvalho, T. Bazzo

{"title":"A Thorough Procedure to Design Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators","authors":"Gustavo Garbelini de Menezes, Narco Afonso Ravazzoli Maciejewski, Elissa Soares de Carvalho, T. Bazzo","doi":"10.3390/machines12060384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets forth a thorough procedure to design surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generators. Since synchronous generators generate the majority of electrical energy, their relevance in society nowadays is substantial. As a consequence, the methodology to design these electrical machines also holds great importance. However, even though a considerable amount of works addresses the matter, it is difficult to find a complete and thoroughly explained design procedure. The proposed method is based on analytical equations to fully consider PM generator fundamentals with a few simplifications, which implies in a considerable number of design equations and parameters. Differently from most papers on the design of PM synchronous generators, a significant level of detail and explanation is presented, all design choices are discussed, and the suggested ranges for the design parameters are shown. This results in a straightforward procedure that allows non-experienced designers to easily replicate the results and effectively enhance the comprehension of permanent magnet synchronous machines, and provides a guideline for researchers from other fields who may need to understand and perform a synchronous generator design. To show the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure, a PM generator is designed, and the results are compared with a finite element simulation, showing good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improved Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings Based on 1D_CNN Considering Noise and Working Condition Interference 基于 1D_CNN 的改进型滚动轴承故障诊断方法（考虑噪声和工况干扰

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060383

Kai Huang, Linbo Zhu, Zhijun Ren, Tantao Lin, Li Zeng, Jin Wan, Yongsheng Zhu

{"title":"An Improved Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings Based on 1D_CNN Considering Noise and Working Condition Interference","authors":"Kai Huang, Linbo Zhu, Zhijun Ren, Tantao Lin, Li Zeng, Jin Wan, Yongsheng Zhu","doi":"10.3390/machines12060383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060383","url":null,"abstract":"Rolling bearings are prone to failure due to the complexity and serious operational environment of rotating equipment. Intelligent fault diagnosis based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has become an effective tool to ensure the reliable operation of rolling bearings. However, interference caused by environmental noise and variable working conditions can affect the data. To solve this problem, we propose an improved fault diagnosis method called deep convolutional neural network based on multi-scale features and mutual information (MMDCNN). In our approach, a multi-scale convolutional layer is placed at the front end of a 1D_CNN to maximize the retention of the multi-scale initial features. Meanwhile, the key fault features are further enhanced adaptively by introducing a self-attention mechanism. Then, the composite loss function is constructed by maximizing mutual information as an auxiliary loss based on cross-entropy loss; thus, the proposed method can extract robust fault features with high generalization performance. To demonstrate the superiority of MMDCNN, we compared the performance of our scheme with several existing deep learning models on two datasets. The results show that the proposed model successfully achieves bearing fault diagnosis with interference from noise and variable working conditions, possessing a powerful fault feature extraction capability.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishment and Analysis of Load Spectrum for Bogie Frame of High-Speed Train at 400 km/h Speed Level 时速 400 公里高速列车转向架载荷谱的建立与分析

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060382

Guidong Tao, Zhiming Liu, Chengxiang Ji, Guangxue Yang

{"title":"Establishment and Analysis of Load Spectrum for Bogie Frame of High-Speed Train at 400 km/h Speed Level","authors":"Guidong Tao, Zhiming Liu, Chengxiang Ji, Guangxue Yang","doi":"10.3390/machines12060382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060382","url":null,"abstract":"The bogie frame, as one of the most critical load-bearing structures of the Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), is responsible for bearing and transmitting various loads from the car body, wheelsets, and its own installation components. With the increasing operating speed of high-speed EMUs, especially when the design and operational speeds exceed 400 km/h, the applicability of current international standards is uncertain. The load spectrum serves as the foundation for structural reliability design and fatigue evaluation. In this paper, the measured loads of the bogie frame of a CR400AF high-speed train on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway are obtained, and the time-domain characteristic of the measured loads is analyzed under different operating conditions. Then, through the Weibull distribution of three parameters, the Weibull parameters at the 450 km/h speed level are fitted, and the maximum load and cumulative frequency under the speed level are derived. Finally, the load spectrum of the bogie frame at the 450 km/h speed level is established, which provides a more realistic load condition for accurately evaluating the fatigue strength of bogie frames at higher speed levels.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"107 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexspline Pitch Deviation Rapid Measurement Method Using Offset Point Laser Sensors 使用偏移点激光传感器的挠性斜线间距偏差快速测量方法

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060381

Xiaoyi Wang, Kunlei Zheng, Longyuan Xiao, Chengxiang Zhao, Mingkang Liu, Dongjie Zhu, Tianyang Yao, Zhaoyao Shi

引用次数: 0

Kinematic Modeling and Performance Analysis of a 5-DoF Robot for Welding Applications 用于焊接应用的 5-DoF 机器人的运动学建模和性能分析

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060378

S. Karupusamy, Sundaram Maruthachalam, Balaji Veerasamy

{"title":"Kinematic Modeling and Performance Analysis of a 5-DoF Robot for Welding Applications","authors":"S. Karupusamy, Sundaram Maruthachalam, Balaji Veerasamy","doi":"10.3390/machines12060378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060378","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic manipulators are critical for industrial automation, boosting productivity, quality, and safety in various production applications. Key factors like the payload, speed, accuracy, and reach define robot performance. Optimizing these factors is crucial for future robot applications across diverse fields. While 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF)-articulated robots are popular due to their diverse applications, this research proposes a novel 5-DoF robot design for industrial automation, featuring a combination of three prismatic and two revolute (2R) joints, and analyzes its workspace. The proposed techno-economically efficient design offers control over the robot manipulator to achieve any reachable position and orientation within its workspace, replacing traditional 6-DoF robots. The kinematic model integrates both parallel and serial manipulator principles, combining a Cartesian mechanism with rotational mechanisms. Simulations demonstrate the end effector’s flexibility for tasks like welding, additive manufacturing, and material inspections, achieving the desired position and orientation. The research encompasses the design of linear and rotational actuators, kinematic modeling, Human–Machine Interface (HMI) development, and welding application integration. The developed robot demonstrates a superior performance and user-friendliness in welding. The experimental work validates the design’s optimized joint trajectories, efficient power usage, singularity avoidance, easy access in application areas, and reduced costs due to fewer actuators.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Time-Series Forecasting Algorithms for Industrial Manufacturing Systems 工业制造系统时间序列预测算法综述

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060380

Syeda Sitara Wishal Fatima, Afshin Rahimi

{"title":"A Review of Time-Series Forecasting Algorithms for Industrial Manufacturing Systems","authors":"Syeda Sitara Wishal Fatima, Afshin Rahimi","doi":"10.3390/machines12060380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060380","url":null,"abstract":"Time-series forecasting is crucial in the efficient operation and decision-making processes of various industrial systems. Accurately predicting future trends is essential for optimizing resources, production scheduling, and overall system performance. This comprehensive review examines time-series forecasting models and their applications across diverse industries. We discuss the fundamental principles, strengths, and weaknesses of traditional statistical methods such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES), which are widely used due to their simplicity and interpretability. However, these models often struggle with the complex, non-linear, and high-dimensional data commonly found in industrial systems. To address these challenges, we explore Machine Learning techniques, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These models offer more flexibility and adaptability, often outperforming traditional statistical methods. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of hybrid models, which combine the strengths of different methods to achieve improved prediction performance. These hybrid models result in more accurate and robust forecasts. Finally, we discuss the potential of newly developed generative models such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for time-series forecasting. This review emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate model based on specific industry requirements, data characteristics, and forecasting objectives.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"62 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental and Experimental Study on a Double-Excitation Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration-Assisted Cutting Device 双激励超声波椭圆振动辅助切割装置的开发与实验研究

Machines Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/machines12060379

Gaofeng Hu, Wendong Xin, Min Zhang, Junti Lu, Yanjie Lu, Shengming Zhou, Kai Zheng

{"title":"Developmental and Experimental Study on a Double-Excitation Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration-Assisted Cutting Device","authors":"Gaofeng Hu, Wendong Xin, Min Zhang, Junti Lu, Yanjie Lu, Shengming Zhou, Kai Zheng","doi":"10.3390/machines12060379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12060379","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted cutting (UEVC) has been successfully applied in the precision and ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle materials due to its advantages of a low cutting force and minimal tool wear. This study developed a novel double-excitation ultrasonic elliptic vibration-assisted cutting (D-UEVC) device by coupling ultrasonic vibrations in orthogonal dual paths. A two-degree-of-freedom vibration system of the D-UEVC was modeled, form which the elliptical trajectory of the end under different phase angle φ values was derived. The initial dimensions of the D-UEVC device were obtained through theoretical calculations. Subsequently, with the aid of finite element analysis methods, structural dynamic analysis of the device was conducted to obtain the elliptical vibration trajectory under different phase differences of the excitation source. In order to verify the cutting trajectory and cutting performance of the D-UEVC device, a prototype of the device was developed, and a series of vibration performance tests as well as the Inconel 718 cutting experiment were conducted. The experimental results illustrated that the D-UEVC device can achieve the elliptical vibration trajectory at the tool tip with a resonant frequency of 36.5 KHz. The adjustable elliptical vibration trajectories covered a range of ±4 μm in the axial and radial directions. Compared with the surface roughness Ra = 0.36 μm under the conventional cutting, the surface roughness of Inconel 718 under D-UEVC was Ra = 0.215 μm. Thus, the surface quality can be significant improved by utilizing the D-UEVC device.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"140 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Machining Efficiency in High-Speed Milling of Super Duplex Stainless Steel with SiAlON Ceramic Inserts 用 SiAlON 陶瓷刀片优化超级双相不锈钢高速铣削加工效率

Machines Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/machines12050349

Monica C. Guimaraes, V. Saciotto, Qianxi He, J. M. DePaiva, Anselmo Diniz, Stephen C. Veldhuis

{"title":"Optimizing Machining Efficiency in High-Speed Milling of Super Duplex Stainless Steel with SiAlON Ceramic Inserts","authors":"Monica C. Guimaraes, V. Saciotto, Qianxi He, J. M. DePaiva, Anselmo Diniz, Stephen C. Veldhuis","doi":"10.3390/machines12050349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12050349","url":null,"abstract":"Super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) are widely utilized across industries owing to their remarkable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, machining SDSS presents considerable challenges, particularly at high speeds. This study investigates the machinability of SDSS grade SAF 2507 (UNS S32750) under high-speed milling conditions using SiAlON insert tools. Comprehensive analysis of key machinability indicators, including chip compression ratio, chip analysis, shear angle, tool wear, and friction conditions, reveals that lower cutting speeds optimize machining performance, reducing cutting forces and improving chip formation. Finite element analysis (FEA) corroborates the efficacy of lower speeds and moderate feed rates. Furthermore, insights into friction dynamics at the tool–chip interface are offered, alongside strategies for enhancing SDSS machining. This study revealed the critical impact of cutting speed on cutting forces, with a significant reduction in forces at cutting speeds of 950 and 1350 m/min, but a substantial increase at 1750 m/min, particularly when tool wear is severe. Furthermore, the combination of 950 and 1350 m/min cutting speeds with a 0.2 mm/tooth feed rate led to smoother chip surfaces and decreased friction coefficients, thus enhancing machining efficiency. The presence of stick–slip phenomena at 1750 m/min indicated thermoplastic instability. Optimizing machining parameters for super duplex stainless steel necessitates balancing material removal rate and surface integrity, as the latter plays an important role in ensuring long-term performance and reliability in critical applications.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0