Machines最新文献

Determination of Energy Losses of the Crank Press Mechanism 曲柄压力机机构能量损失的测定

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070477

Jan Hlavac, Jiri Dekastello

引用次数: 0

A Study on Micro-Pit Texture Parameter Optimization and Its Tribological Properties 微坑纹理参数优化及其摩擦学特性研究

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070475

Yazhou Mao, Yuxuan Zhang, Jingyang Zheng, Lilin Li, Yuchun Huang, Shaolin Shi, Linyuan Wang, Jiaming Pei, Zichen Li

{"title":"A Study on Micro-Pit Texture Parameter Optimization and Its Tribological Properties","authors":"Yazhou Mao, Yuxuan Zhang, Jingyang Zheng, Lilin Li, Yuchun Huang, Shaolin Shi, Linyuan Wang, Jiaming Pei, Zichen Li","doi":"10.3390/machines12070475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070475","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of micro-dimple textures (produced by a laser) on the tribological properties of bearings is investigated. This study offers guidelines to reduce the friction torque of the bearing pair and addresses the problem of difficult start-ups after shutdowns. Micro-pits with different texture diameters and depths were machined on the surface of journal bearings. Then, the impact of several different texture parameters on the tribological performance of the bearing pairs was studied using an orthogonal experimental design. Subsequently, the surface morphology of the bearings before and after the friction and wear test was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). These observations were then used to determine the type/state of friction and wear, which also improves our understanding of how texture affects the service life of bearings. The results indicate that the bearings’ micro-pit surface hardness follows an approximate parabolic spatial distribution that decreases along the micro-pit wall. Furthermore, the laser processing of surface textures was found to cause hardening in certain areas, and the chemical composition of elemental carbon and oxygen at the inner surface of processed bearings increased by 31.1% and 7.9%, respectively. Moreover, abrasive wear was identified as the primary form of wear. The textured surface’s antifriction mechanism primarily functioned to trap particles, which acted as a secondary lubrication source and altered the lubrication states by serving as a medium for supplied lubricants. The results confirm that a suitable selection of texture parameters can not only effectively reduce the friction coefficient without shortening the service life of the bearing pair but also facilitate the smooth start-up of the rotor–bearing system.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"43 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brush Seal Performance with Ideal Gas Working Fluid under Static Rotor Condition 静态转子条件下使用理想气体工作流体的电刷密封性能

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070476

Altyib Abdallah Mahmoud Ahmed, Meihong Liu, Yuchi Kang, Juan Wang, Aboubaker I. B. Idriss, Nguyen Thi Trung Tin

引用次数: 0

The State of Health of Electrical Connectors 电气连接器的健康状况

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070474

Jian Song, Abhay Shukla, Roman Probst

{"title":"The State of Health of Electrical Connectors","authors":"Jian Song, Abhay Shukla, Roman Probst","doi":"10.3390/machines12070474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070474","url":null,"abstract":"For modern machines, factories and electric and autonomous vehicles, the importance of vreliable electrical connectors cannot be overstated. With an increasing number of connectors being used in machines, factories and vehicles, ensuring their reliability is crucial for comfort and safety alike. One of the key indicators of reliability is the lifetime of connectors. To evaluate the lifetime of electrical connectors, a testing method and a model for calculating their lifetime based on the test data were developed. The results from these tests were compared to failure analysis data from long-term field operations. The findings indicate that the laboratory tests can accurately reproduce the main failures observed in the field. However, such lifetime tests can be time- and labor-intensive. To address this challenge, a data-driven method is proposed that predicts the lifetime of electrical connectors using statistical analysis of electrical contact resistance data collected from short-term tests. The predictions from this method were compared to actual results obtained from long-term tests. A strong correlation was observed between the contact resistance development in short-term tests and the number of failures in later stages of testing. Thus, apart from predicting the lifetime of connectors, this method can also be applied for failure prognosis in real-time operations.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"51 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Installation Deviations on the Dynamic Characteristics of the Shaft System for 1 Gigawatt Hydro-Generator Unit 安装偏差对 1 千兆瓦水轮发电机组轴系动态特性的影响

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070473

Gangyun Song, Xingxing Huang, Haijun Li, Zhengwei Wang, Dong Wang

{"title":"Impact of Installation Deviations on the Dynamic Characteristics of the Shaft System for 1 Gigawatt Hydro-Generator Unit","authors":"Gangyun Song, Xingxing Huang, Haijun Li, Zhengwei Wang, Dong Wang","doi":"10.3390/machines12070473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070473","url":null,"abstract":"The shaft system, transferring the kinetic energy of water flow into electrical energy, is the most critical component in hydropower plants. Installation deviations of the shaft system for a giant hydro-generator unit can have significant impacts on its dynamic characteristics and overall performance. In this investigation, a three-dimensional geometry of the shaft system of an operating hydro-generator unit prototype with a rated power of 1 GW is established. Then, the calculation model of the shaft system is generated accordingly with tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. By applying different boundary conditions, the finite-element method is used to analyze the influences of installation deviations, including shaft radial misalignment and angular misalignment, on the dynamic characteristics of the shaft system. The calculation results reveal that the installation deviations change the natural frequencies, critical speeds, and mode shapes of the shaft system to a certain degree. The natural frequencies of the backward precession motion with installation deviations are reduced by 23% and 38% for the rated speed and the maximum runaway speed. Furthermore, for the forward precession motion, they increased by 30% and 48%, respectively. The critical speeds for the shaft system with radial and angular deviations are 3.2% and 3% larger than the critical speed of the shaft system without any mounting deviations. The radial and angular installation deviations below the maximum permissible values will not result in the structural performance degradation of the 1 GW hydro-generator shaft system. The conclusion drawn in this research can be used as a valuable reference for installing other rotating machinery.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Material Extrusion 3D Printing of Micro-Porous Copper-Based Structure for Water Filters 材料挤压三维打印用于净水器的微孔铜基结构

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070470

Nikola Kotorčević, S. Milenković, F. Živić, Branka Jordović, Dragan Adamović, Petar Todorović, N. Grujovic

引用次数: 0

Reinforcement Learning-Based Auto-Optimized Parallel Prediction for Air Conditioning Energy Consumption 基于强化学习的空调能耗自动优化并行预测

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070471

Chao Gu, Shentao Yao, Yifan Miao, Ye Tian, Yuru Liu, Zhicheng Bao, Tao Wang, Baoyu Zhang, Tao Chen, Weishan Zhang

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Auto-Optimized Parallel Prediction for Air Conditioning Energy Consumption","authors":"Chao Gu, Shentao Yao, Yifan Miao, Ye Tian, Yuru Liu, Zhicheng Bao, Tao Wang, Baoyu Zhang, Tao Chen, Weishan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/machines12070471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070471","url":null,"abstract":"Air conditioning contributes a high percentage of energy consumption over the world. The efficient prediction of energy consumption can help to reduce energy consumption. Traditionally, multidimensional air conditioning energy consumption data could only be processed sequentially for each dimension, thus resulting in inefficient feature extraction. Furthermore, due to reasons such as implicit correlations between hyperparameters, automatic hyperparameter optimization (HPO) approaches can not be easily achieved. In this paper, we propose an auto-optimization parallel energy consumption prediction approach based on reinforcement learning. It can parallel process multidimensional time series data and achieve the automatic optimization of model hyperparameters, thus yielding an accurate prediction of air conditioning energy consumption. Extensive experiments on real air conditioning datasets from five factories have demonstrated that the proposed approach outperforms existing prediction solutions, with an increase in average accuracy by 11.48% and an average performance improvement of 32.48%.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Arm Obstacle Avoidance Motion Planning Based on Improved RRT Algorithm 基于改进 RRT 算法的双臂避障运动规划

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070472

Zhe Dong, Binrui Zhong, Jiahuan He, Zhao Gao

引用次数: 0

Detection of Demagnetization Faults in Electric Motors by Analyzing Inverter Based Current Data Using Machine Learning Techniques 利用机器学习技术分析基于逆变器的电流数据，检测电机的退磁故障

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070468

Daniel Walch, Christoph Blechinger, Martin Schellenberger, Maximilian Hofmann, Bernd Eckardt, Vincent R. H. Lorentz

{"title":"Detection of Demagnetization Faults in Electric Motors by Analyzing Inverter Based Current Data Using Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Daniel Walch, Christoph Blechinger, Martin Schellenberger, Maximilian Hofmann, Bernd Eckardt, Vincent R. H. Lorentz","doi":"10.3390/machines12070468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070468","url":null,"abstract":"Demagnetization of the rotor magnets is a significant failure mode that can occur in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Early detection of demagnetization faults can help change system parameters to reduce power output or ensure safety. In this paper, the effects of demagnetization faults were analyzed both in simulation and experiments using the example of drone motors. An approach was investigated to detect even minor demagnetization faults that does not require any additional sensing effort. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to analyze the phase current data directly received from the inverter to enable anomaly detection. For this purpose, the phase current is transformed by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the spectral data is then reduced in dimensionality, followed by an anomaly detection algorithm using a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM). To ensure simplified initialization of the ML model without the need for training sets of damaged drives, only data from magnetically undamaged motors was used to train the models for anomaly detection. Different selections of considered harmonics and different metrics were investigated using the experimental data, achieving a precision of up to 99 %, a specificity of up to 98 %, and an accuracy of up to 90 %.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Intelligent Traffic Light Controller Design 新颖的智能交通灯控制器设计

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070469

Firas Zahwa, Chi-Tsun Cheng, Milan Simic

{"title":"Novel Intelligent Traffic Light Controller Design","authors":"Firas Zahwa, Chi-Tsun Cheng, Milan Simic","doi":"10.3390/machines12070469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070469","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient traffic flow management at intersections is vital for optimizing urban transportation networks. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to refining traffic flow by analyzing the capacity of roads and integrating fuzzy logic-based traffic light control systems. We examined the capacity of roads connecting intersections, considering factors such as road vehicle capacity, vehicle speed, and traffic flow volume, through detailed mathematical modeling and analysis. Control is determined by the maximum capacity of each road segment, providing valuable insights into traffic flow dynamics. Building upon this capacity and flow analysis, the research introduces a novel intelligent traffic light controller (ITLC) system based on fuzzy logic principles. By incorporating real-time traffic data and leveraging fuzzy logic algorithms, our ITLC system dynamically adjusts traffic light timings to optimize vehicle flow at two intersections. The paper discusses the design and implementation of the ITLC system, highlighting its adaptive capabilities in response to changing traffic conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ITLC system in improving traffic flow and reducing congestion at intersections. Furthermore, this research provides an analysis of the mathematical models used to calculate road capacity, offering insights into the underlying principles of traffic flow optimization. Through the simulation, we have validated the accuracy and reliability of our controller.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0