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Efficiency Analysis of Die Attach Machines Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness Metrics and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis with an Ishikawa Diagram 利用整体设备效率指标和石川图进行故障模式和影响分析，分析贴模机的效率

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070467

Rex Revian A. Guste, K. A. Mariñas, A. K. Ong

{"title":"Efficiency Analysis of Die Attach Machines Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness Metrics and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis with an Ishikawa Diagram","authors":"Rex Revian A. Guste, K. A. Mariñas, A. K. Ong","doi":"10.3390/machines12070467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070467","url":null,"abstract":"The semiconductor manufacturing sector has contributed to the advancement of technical development in the sphere of industrial applications, but one crucial factor that cannot be overlooked is the evaluation of a machine’s state. Despite the presence of advanced equipment, data on their performances are not properly reviewed, resulting in a variety of concerns such as high rejection rates, lower production output, manufacturing overhead cost issues, and customer complaints. This study’s goal is to evaluate the performance of die attach machines made by a prominent subcontractor semiconductor manufacturing business in the Philippines; our findings will provide other organizations with important insights into the appropriate diagnosis of productivity difficulties via productivity metrics analyses. The study focuses on a specific type of die attach machine, with machine 10 showing to be the most troublesome, with an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) rating of 43.57%. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) identified that the primary reasons for the issue were idling, small stoppages, and breakdown loss resulting from loosened screws in the work holder. The risk priority number (RPN) was calculated to be 392, with a severity level of 7, an occurrence level of 7, and a detection level of 8. The findings provide new insight into the methods that should be included in the production process to boost efficiency and better suit the expectations of customers in a highly competitive market.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of Pole–Slot Combination with Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding in Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Hybrid Drone System 混合无人机系统外转子永磁同步发电机极槽组合与分数槽集中绕组的比较研究

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070464

Jeongwon Kim, Ju Lee, Hyunwoo Kim

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Pole–Slot Combination with Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding in Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Hybrid Drone System","authors":"Jeongwon Kim, Ju Lee, Hyunwoo Kim","doi":"10.3390/machines12070464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070464","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a comparative study of pole–slot combinations with fractional slot concentrated windings in an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous generator (ORPMSG) for a hybrid drone system. Fractional slot machines have been studied for automotive applications because of their high performance and simple winding manufacturing, compared with those of integer slot machines. In this study, four pole–slot combinations of ORPMSG with fractional slot concentrated windings were selected for comparison with the performance of the hybrid drone system. Based on the results of a finite element analysis (FEA), the machines were analyzed for cogging torque, back electromagnetic force (BEMF), torque, and electromagnetic loss under the same conditions as the machine specifications. Among the four pole–slot combinations of the ORPMSM, a one pole–slot model of the ORPMSG was selected, considering the performances of the machines. The selected pole–slot model of the ORPMSG was manufactured, and experiments were conducted on the manufactured model to verify the FEA results. Finally, the effectiveness of the comparative study of pole–slot combination with fractional slot concentrated winding in ORPMSM was verified by comparing the FEA and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Optimization and Simulation Test of No-Tillage Corn Precision Planter Based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) 基于离散元素法 (DEM) 的免耕玉米精密播种机性能优化与模拟测试

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070465

Jingyu Yang, Hailong Wu, A. Guo, Regis Rugerinyange, Chang Liu, Zhengyu Zhao, Wenchao Han, Lvfa Yin

{"title":"Performance Optimization and Simulation Test of No-Tillage Corn Precision Planter Based on Discrete Element Method (DEM)","authors":"Jingyu Yang, Hailong Wu, A. Guo, Regis Rugerinyange, Chang Liu, Zhengyu Zhao, Wenchao Han, Lvfa Yin","doi":"10.3390/machines12070465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070465","url":null,"abstract":"In order to test the influence of the structural design of a no-tillage corn precision planter on vibration stability performance, a vibration model was constructed with the help of MATLAB/Simulink, and it was concluded that the vibration response curve of the no-tillage corn precision planter was relatively smooth. Based on the theory of the discrete element method (DEM), taking the planting apparatus of the no-tillage corn precision planter as the research object, firstly, a DEM single-factor test was carried out to investigate the effects of the slot inclination angle, number of slots, and rotational speed of the planter plate on the disturbance performance. Then, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was conducted with the maximum amount of seed discharging, the minimum average speed, and the minimum average kinetic energy as the final optimization objectives, and the qualified rate of seed discharging and the leakage rate as the evaluation indexes. The results show that the larger the inclination angle, the higher the number of slots, and the faster the rotational speed, the more violent the particle disturbance. At the same time, when the slot inclination angle of the planter plate is 60°, the number of slots is 20, and the rotational speed is 55 rpm, the seed discharge efficiency is the highest, at this time, the seed discharge qualification rate of maize particles is 95%, and the leakage rate is 3%; the results of this test can provide technical support for the research of the same kind of precision sowing equipment in the future.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failure Inducement Factor Analysis and Optimal Design Method of Ball Bearing Cage for Aviation Motor 航空发动机球轴承保持架的失效诱发因素分析和优化设计方法

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070466

Yongcun Cui, Linshen Cai, Jingjing Wang, Xiaoguo Gao

{"title":"Failure Inducement Factor Analysis and Optimal Design Method of Ball Bearing Cage for Aviation Motor","authors":"Yongcun Cui, Linshen Cai, Jingjing Wang, Xiaoguo Gao","doi":"10.3390/machines12070466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070466","url":null,"abstract":"In experiments of aviation motor bearings, when the deep-groove ball bearings are subjected to an overturning moment at high speed, it often happens that the rivet on the cage breaks and the debris invades the raceway, resulting in bearing failure. To address the problem of early failure of deep-groove ball bearing cages and rivets in aviation motors, the causes of early failure were analyzed from the aspect of cage design in this study. The influence of the raceway and cage structure parameters on the dynamic contact characteristics of the rolling element and cage under the action of overturning torque were analyzed, the weak link of the cage was determined, and the cage design parameters were optimized. The results show that with an increase in the cage width and pocket radius, the impact force between the ball and cage first decreases and then increases, and the tilt angle of the cage gradually decreases. A larger channel radius and smaller clearance can slow down the interaction between the cage and the rolling element and make the cage run more smoothly. Increasing the thickness of the cage can ensure that the rivet part of the cage is at a low stress level, and the risk of premature fatigue failure at the rivet part can be reduced by maintaining a small gap–fit relationship between the rivet and rivet holes. The research results indicate that the working condition adaptability of the bearing cage for aviation motors can be improved, and the design method for this type of bearing can be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"25 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Simulation and Bench Test of Crawler-Type Cotton Time-Delay Hole-Forming Device Based on RecurDyn-EDEM Coupling 基于 RecurDyn-EDEM 耦合的履带式棉花延时成孔装置的数值模拟和台架试验

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070463

Feng Pan, Jincheng Chen, Hualin Zhang, Baiwei Wang, Xizhen Jiang, Chao Ji

{"title":"Numerical Simulation and Bench Test of Crawler-Type Cotton Time-Delay Hole-Forming Device Based on RecurDyn-EDEM Coupling","authors":"Feng Pan, Jincheng Chen, Hualin Zhang, Baiwei Wang, Xizhen Jiang, Chao Ji","doi":"10.3390/machines12070463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070463","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the challenges faced by cotton dibbler in Xinjiang under high-speed operation, a novel crawler-type delayed hole-forming device has been designed to address the seed throwing and floating issues in high-speed cotton dibbling in Xinjiang, enhancing the duck bill’s performance. This mechanism increases the sowing speed to 6 km/h by extending the duck bill horizontally. Utilizing agronomic principles, the mechanism’s layout and key components were optimized for efficient hole-forming. DEM and multi-body dynamics simulations were employed to analyze the motion, focusing on the fixed the tilt angle of the duck bill (A), the depth of the duck bill hole-forming into the soil (B), and the angle of rotation of the moving duck bill (C) as factors affecting hole dimensions (longitudinal length of hole Y1 and hole-forming depth of cotton seed hole Y2). Quadratic regression test using RecurDyn-EDEM coupling identified optimal parameter settings for maximum hole-forming performance. When A was 2.4°, B was 42.4 mm, and C was 30.5°, the performance of the hole-forming was the best. Under the optimal parameter combination, the bench verification test was carried out. The error between the bench verification results and the simulation results is small, indicating that the model has high accuracy. The average opening time of the duck bill at a speed of 6 km/h is 0.45 s, which is much longer than the time required for cotton seeds to fall from the duck bill (0.11 s). It meets the requirements of high-speed cotton planting in China and facilitating advancements high-speed planter technology.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"78 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cloud-Based Remote Real-Time Monitoring and Control System for Spring Fatigue Testing Machine 基于云技术的弹簧疲劳试验机远程实时监测和控制系统

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070462

Guoshuai Wang, Tonghui Xu, Decheng Wang, Peng Cheng, Chenxi Shao, Feng Feng, Peng Zhou

{"title":"Cloud-Based Remote Real-Time Monitoring and Control System for Spring Fatigue Testing Machine","authors":"Guoshuai Wang, Tonghui Xu, Decheng Wang, Peng Cheng, Chenxi Shao, Feng Feng, Peng Zhou","doi":"10.3390/machines12070462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070462","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the utilization of cloud technology has witnessed a surge, particularly in the domains of industrial automation and intelligent scenarios. However, the prevailing spring fatigue testing machine is still in the traditional single-machine working mode. In this mode, there are many problems such as low automation of testing equipment, poor experimental site environment, and the need for experimenters to be on duty for a long time. In order to solve the above problems, this paper builds a cloud-based remote monitoring and control system based on the high-temperature constant-force spring fatigue testing machine. The system is based on Browser/Server architecture, and clients can access it anytime and anywhere using a browser in a public network environment. The server is hosted on a public cloud platform and includes website service, data storage service, WebSocket real-time communication service, and remote video monitoring service. Clients can remotely monitor and control the testing machine in real time through the cloud. After experimental verification, the real-time monitoring and control messages delay is 11 ms, and the video monitoring delay is 291 ms, which can meet the actual needs of remote spring fatigue testing. This remote monitoring and control system improves the automation of the spring fatigue testing machine and improves the working environment of the experimenters. In addition, it can be applied to other reliability testing machines in the laboratory, and can further help build a workshop-level remote monitoring and control platform.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":"46 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical and Experimental Study on Dummy Blade with Underplatform Damper 带平台下阻尼器的假叶片的数值和实验研究

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070461

Di Li, Chenhong Du, Hongguang Li, Guang Meng

引用次数: 0

A Digital Twin-Based Adaptive Height Control for a Shearer 基于数字双胞胎的剪毛机自适应高度控制装置

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070460

Xiusong You, Yinan Guo, Bing Miao, Shirong Ge

{"title":"A Digital Twin-Based Adaptive Height Control for a Shearer","authors":"Xiusong You, Yinan Guo, Bing Miao, Shirong Ge","doi":"10.3390/machines12070460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070460","url":null,"abstract":"The shearer is an important component of the smart mining workface, and its effective control is a key aspect that guarantees safe and high-efficient production in coal mines. To address the issue of autonomous height adjustment during the shearer’s cutting process, a self-adaptive speed control method driven by digital twin technology is proposed. A digital twin-based control architecture for the shearer is first established, which consists of physical and the corresponding virtual entities, as well as reality–virtual interaction between them. Based on the mathematic model formulated for height adjustment system of the shearer, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) with the displacement estimation is designed for the virtual entity, with the purpose of guiding the operation of the corresponding physical entity. Simulation experiments on MATLAB compares the control performance among the proposed method and four comparative ones, including PID controller, integral sliding mode controller (ISMC), feedback linearization controller (FLC), and fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed AFSMC. More specifically, its steady-state error is 0.024, the maximum absolute control input is 8.43, and the settling time is 1.74 s. This also proves that the digital twin-based control method enables the precise adaptive height adjustment of the shearer, providing potential reference for the intelligent development of a smart mining workface.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy Analysis of Complex Transmission System with Distributed Tooth Profile Errors 具有分布式齿形误差的复杂传动系统的精度分析

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070459

Min Zhang, Zhijing Zhang, Jian Xiong, Xiao Chen

{"title":"Accuracy Analysis of Complex Transmission System with Distributed Tooth Profile Errors","authors":"Min Zhang, Zhijing Zhang, Jian Xiong, Xiao Chen","doi":"10.3390/machines12070459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070459","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth profile errors are the internal excitations that cause gear meshing errors, which are critical error factors affecting gear transmission accuracy. In existing studies, it is usually regarded as a constant or random distribution function. However, the actual machined tooth profile error is not a constant, so this estimation is inconsistent with the actual situation, resulting in an inaccurate evaluation of transmission accuracy. This paper proposes a method for representing tooth profile errors using distribution errors (including systematic and random errors), and a mathematical model of distributed tooth profile errors is presented. The contact stresses of the complex transmission system were compared with those obtained by formulas, proving that tooth profile errors increase contact stress. A method for calculating gear meshing error is proposed to evaluate the actual output accuracy of the complex transmission system. Compared with the test, the output accuracy is reduced by 13.8% under the temperature environment and distributed tooth profile errors. The proposed methods can accurately predict the transmission accuracy of precision transmission systems at the design stage and provide theoretical support for reducing systematic and random errors at the gear machining stage.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Vibration Characteristics of Bearingless Motorized Spindles Based on Multibody Dynamics 基于多体动力学的无轴承电动主轴振动特性研究

Machines Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/machines12070458

Jie Meng, Lihong He, Jianan Yang, Shuang Liu

{"title":"Research on Vibration Characteristics of Bearingless Motorized Spindles Based on Multibody Dynamics","authors":"Jie Meng, Lihong He, Jianan Yang, Shuang Liu","doi":"10.3390/machines12070458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12070458","url":null,"abstract":"During the service process of a bearingless motorized spindle (BLMS), its parameters change with both time and external conditions, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of the motorized spindle. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the dynamic performance of a motorized spindle during its actual operation using deterministic parameters. In this paper, the interactions between the thermal deformation and vibration of a motorized spindle are explored. A dynamic model of the motorized spindle based on multibody dynamics and time-varying parameters is established, and a solution method for the dynamic model with uncertain parameters is investigated. Firstly, the reasons for the vibration in the BLMS are analyzed, and the influences of thermal deformation on the thermal eccentricity and inhomogeneous air gap of the BLMS are studied. A vibration model of the BLMS is established and solved to acquire the radial vibration displacement. Secondly, a discrete multibody dynamics model of the BLMS is built, and the center trajectory of the motorized spindle is attained by solving the multibody dynamics model. A prototype experimental platform of the BLMS is designed, and vibration tests are carried out. The experimental results show that the vibration amplitude of the BLMS increases with the running time and the maximum displacement exhibits a large deviation from the simulation results using the determined parameters, while there is a small deviation from the simulation results using uncertain parameters; this indicates that the solution of the multibody dynamics model of the BLMS described by uncertain parameters is closer to the experimental data. These research findings can provide a reference for the optimized design of BLMSs.","PeriodicalId":509264,"journal":{"name":"Machines","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0