{"title":"An electronically tunable multi-mode filter structure with feedback topology for the HF applications in multi-standard receivers","authors":"Keziban Erkal , Abdullah Yesil , Deniz Ozenli","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a new 2nd order MOSFET-C filter circuit using only three MOSFETs in its core. The single-input multiple-output design provides current-mode (CM) and transresistance mode (TRM) low-pass (LP) and bandpass (BP) filters. A feedback loop using an OTA circuit enhances filter characteristics by improving the quality factor and increasing gain. This study is the first to apply feedback to a MOSFET-C-based filter for performance enhancement. The feedback circuit consists of six MOSFETs, adding only 200 µW power consumption without degrading performance. The circuit is electronically tunable, free from body effect, uses grounded capacitors, and operates at ± 0.9 V, making it suitable for low-voltage applications. Simulations were performed using TSMC 0.18 µm technology for both non-feedback and feedback structures. Monte Carlo analysis, THD responses, and input-referred noise equations were obtained. Post-layout simulations showed layout areas of 2887.2 µm<sup>2</sup> (non-feedback) and 6381.9 µm<sup>2</sup> (feedback). Experimental PCB implementations confirmed agreement with theoretical calculations and simulations. Thermal analysis showed no significant heat emissions. The results demonstrate that this architecture is well-suited for high-frequency (HF) applications in wireless receivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 155955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autoencoders for variable active antenna spatial modulation in MIMO systems","authors":"Nguyen Thu Phuong, Nguyen Thi Khanh Linh","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces three novel autoencoder-based frameworks for variable active antenna spatial modulation (AE-VASM) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, aimed at enhancing system robustness and power efficiency in highly correlated Rician fading channels. By integrating dynamic antenna selection with the joint transmitter–receiver optimization capabilities of autoencoders (AEs), the proposed frameworks effectively mitigate signal degradation due to antenna correlation. Framework 1 serves as a baseline model that modulates data symbols and detects antenna indices based on channel variations. Framework 2 improves performance by incorporating antenna index information into the transmitted signal using phase-shift keying (PSK)-based signatures, which enhances detection accuracy in correlated channels. Framework 3 further advances this approach by jointly encoding both data symbols and antenna indices within the autoencoder, leading to superior bit error rate (BER) performance and power efficiency across diverse channel conditions. Simulation results confirm that Framework 3 consistently outperforms the baseline and other frameworks. This demonstrates its potential for next-generation wireless systems demanding robust and efficient modulation under complex channel conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forward and inverse modeling of multiple input multiple output microstrip antennas for satellite communication using machine learning algorithms","authors":"Anjani Kumar, Taimoor Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a supervised machine learning (SML) structure as a forward and inverse model for electromagnetic problems. For this purpose, we proposed ridge, lasso, elastic net, and K-nearest neighbor’s regression for both forward and inverse modeling tasks of duel port and four-port multiple-input multiple-output microstrip antennas for satellite communication. The duel-port and four-port multi input multi outputs microstrip antennas consist of three and two notched bands, respectively. In addition, The dual-port and four-port antennas achieved maximum notched frequencies at 6 and 8.2 GHz, respectively. We compare the results predicted by various ML techniques with those obtained from a high-frequency structure simulator(HFSS) to validate their accuracy. SML approaches are utilized to predict the mean square error (R<sub>MSE</sub>) and error of coefficient (R<sub>R</sub>) for both the physical and frequency parameters of dual-port and four-port microstrip antennas. However, the results obtained by K-nearest neighbor’s regression algorithms are significantly better than those from ridge regression, lasso regression, and elastic net regression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 155951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of symbol error probability in GFDM under generalized α−κ−μ channels: An approach based on probability density function for beyond 5G wireless applications","authors":"Naga Siva Prasad Bodempudi, Ashvini Chaturvedi, Rashmi H., Muralidhar Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a flexible multicarrier modulation scheme tailored to meet the diverse requirements of 5G and beyond (B5G) wireless systems. It provides flexibility to select subsymbols, subcarriers, and pulse-shaping filters, making it suitable for various B5G communication needs. Moreover, GFDM includes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) as special cases. Since fading conditions greatly affect communication reliability, this paper derives a closed-form expression for the symbol error probability/symbol error rate (SEP/SER) of GFDM using M-QAM and M-PSK in generalized <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span> fading channels. The study examines how fading parameters (<span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math></span>), pulse-shaping filters, roll-off factor, and subsymbol count influence SER performance. Results show these factors have a significant impact on error probability. This comprehensive analysis provides important insights for evaluating GFDM performance under complex fading scenarios, making it a valuable reference for GFDM system design for B5G wireless applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel asymmetric space vector modulation technique for performance-optimized boost integrated T-type multilevel inverter","authors":"Balram Kumar , Sankar Peddapati , S.V.K. Naresh , Hussain Shareef","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a boost-integrated T-type multilevel inverter (MLI) to address the issue of neutral point voltage unbalancing. The proposed converter is designed by modifying the neutral point connection of the T-type boost inverter to the positive DC supply, resulting in asymmetric voltage levels at each pole. Due to the varying nature of one pole voltage, conventional space vector modulation is not feasible. Hence, a novel asymmetric space vector modulation (ASVM) is proposed by utilizing the asymmetric voltage levels while integrating the feature of DC-bus clamping. To validate the proposed approach, a 1 kW prototype is developed, and the control techniques are tested across diverse duty cycles and modulation indices to achieve the desired output voltage, emphasising the importance of selecting the optimal operating point. Experimental results and efficiency analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PWM technique in utilising asymmetric voltage levels, achieving lower THD and reduced switching losses at the output.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of an eight-port MIMO antenna for direct integration into the back cover of 5G mobile terminals","authors":"Sandeep Rana , Vimal Kumar , Akhilesh Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a planar wideband eight-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna characterized by an elevated inter-port isolation. The unit element is meticulously engineered utilizing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with two sides shorted by metallic vias. Consequently, two distinct modes of MPA, namely TM<sub>01</sub> and TM<sub>11</sub>, are stimulated in close proximity to each other. This specially designed unit element offers wideband performance and eventually improves inter-port isolation when duplicated to create an eight-port MIMO antenna. Additionally, four bow tie-shaped stubs are positioned at the central plane to improve inter-port isolation. A prototype is implemented to verify the proposed concept, and the measured results indicate that the eight-port MIMO antenna demonstrates an impedance bandwidth (|S<sub>11</sub>| ≤ −6dB) of ∼12 % (5.92–6.65 GHz) with a minimum inter-port isolation of 22 dB. The proposed MIMO antenna is a suitable candidate for installation on the metallic back cover as it does not require any ground clearance or internal space of the mobile phone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circuit design of in-situ training memristive backpropagation neural network","authors":"Le Yang, Ming Cheng, Ting Su","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Memristive backpropagation (BP) neural network in-situ training is of significant importance for accelerating data processing. Currently, three main challenges hinder circuit design of the in-situ training memristive BP neural network: first, achieving circuit timing control without computer assistance is difficult; second, for the existing memristive BP neural network, it is hard to convert the change of weight values to memristance change; third, there is a lack of memristor control strategy suitable for in-situ training. To address the three challenges, this paper proposes a timing control method that does not require computer assistance, utilizing MOS transistors and analog value storage circuits to divide the training of the memristive BP neural network into four phases. Next, a novel memristor array is designed in which memristance correspond to the weight value linearly. Therefore, the weight change obtained by BP algorithm is convenient to be transferred as memristance change. Then, characteristics of the memristor are analyzed to map the memristance change as the corresponding control pulse. The amplitude of the control pulse are calculated by the multiplication and division circuit. Finally, XOR, iris classification, and MNIST digit classification experiments are conducted on the proposed memristive BP neural network circuit, proving that the proposed circuit design has good performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biku Raut , Bikash K. Santi , Rajanikanta Swain , Dhruba C. Panda , Deepak K. Naik
{"title":"Characteristic mode inspired compact broadband circularly polarized non-uniform metasurface antenna for sub-7 GHz applications","authors":"Biku Raut , Bikash K. Santi , Rajanikanta Swain , Dhruba C. Panda , Deepak K. Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a compact, low-cost, single-fed broadband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MTS) antenna based on axial ratio improvement using rectangular, non-uniformly arranged meta elements. The antenna comprises a new notched driving patch and a top 4 × 4 array-sized rectangular non-uniform metasurface. The driving patch creates a wide horizontal mode, and the MTS creates two well-separated vertical modes. The appropriate separation among these three orthogonal modes creates 90° phase differences, resulting in two CP poles. Consequently, overlapping these two CP poles creates a broad axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The design and analysis of the proposed antenna are carried out using characteristic mode analysis to understand the modal behavior and optimize performance. The antenna uses a low-cost FR-4 substrate with a compact size of 0.7<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> × 0.7<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> × 0.07<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>. The antenna exhibits an impressive impedance bandwidth of 54.28% (5.1–8.9 GHz) and axial ratio bandwidth of 38% (5.6–8.26 GHz). The design also has a consistent gain over the entire operating band with a peak gain of 6.8 dBic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of diverse MIMO antennas design for Cognitive Radio applications","authors":"Akhilesh kumar, Vinay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive Radio (CR) systems require antennas that exhibit adaptability, enabling the efficient utilization of available spectrum while ensuring optimal operational efficiency under dynamic real-time conditions. To fulfill these criteria, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas must possess the capability for broad or multi-band frequency operation, integrate reconfigurability, maintain compact architectural designs, and achieve significant isolation between elements to mitigate mutual interference. This review critically assesses various classifications of MIMO antennas, including ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, dual UWB antennas, filtenna, and reconfigurable antennas, and investigates methodologies for attaining spatial, polarization, and pattern diversity. Sophisticated optimization methodologies and simulation tools are applied to enhance antenna performance, with evaluations centered on crucial parameters such as return loss, gain, bandwidth, and diversity gain. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges associated with the integration of MIMO antennas into CR platforms, encompassing interference management and the maintenance of consistently high performance levels. In projecting future advancements, emphasis is placed on the significance of smart materials, innovative fabrication techniques, and ML methodologies in the enhancement of next-generation CR applications. This review also highlights emerging research trajectories and potential avenues in the development of MIMO antennas for future wireless communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement and analysis of lamination effects on a compact dual-band bandstop filter for wireless applications","authors":"Selvakumar Arumugam , V. Phani Kumar Kanaparthi , Vamsi Krishna Velidi , Slawomir Koziel , Rusan Kumar Barik","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compact dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) incorporating a transversal filtering section based on parallel coupled lines is designed to achieve high selectivity and precise RF performance. The proposed filter employs a novel topology combining shunt- and series-connected coupled lines, generating seven transmission poles and four transmission zeros to effectively suppress undesired frequency bands. The DBBSF is implemented on two substrates, Rogers AD250C, and Teslin SP1400, using the Ansys HFSS full-wave simulator. For the first time, the Teslin-based filter is laminated to enhance durability. The filter measurements with and without lamination are performed to evaluate the effects of parameters, including insertion loss, return loss, centre frequencies, and fractional bandwidth. Measured stopband frequencies are centred at approximately 1.1 GHz and 2.4 GHz, with fractional bandwidths of 29.5 % and 14.5 %, respectively. The measured parameters provide considerable insights into the design of laminated RF components, enabling optimized performance for wireless communication systems and related measurement applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 155942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}