Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications最新文献_第9页

Intelligent resource allocation in hybrid RF/LiFi networks via deep deterministic policy gradient based DRL mechanism 通过基于深度确定性策略梯度的 DRL 机制实现射频/WiFi 混合网络中的智能资源分配

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155499

Tanya Verma , Arif Raza , Shivanshu Shrivastava , Bin Chen , U.D. Dwivedi , Amarish Dubey

{"title":"Intelligent resource allocation in hybrid RF/LiFi networks via deep deterministic policy gradient based DRL mechanism","authors":"Tanya Verma , Arif Raza , Shivanshu Shrivastava , Bin Chen , U.D. Dwivedi , Amarish Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A hybrid radio frequency (RF) and light fidelity (LiFi) network combines the strengths of RF and LiFi technologies. RF offers broad coverage, while LiFi provides high data rates. As these technologies operate on non-interfering spectra, they can co-exist without interfering with each other. This setup not only boosts data rate but also makes the network more reliable, especially when physical obstacles might block signals. However, resource management in hybrid RF/LiFi networks is challenging because of the dynamic environment and the different characteristics of the two technologies. Efficient resource allocation maximizes the data rate in these networks. In this paper, we introduce a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to solve the resource allocation problem in hybrid RF/LiFi networks. Our DRL model is designed to handle real-world conditions, considering factors like blockages and user mobility. Unlike traditional methods that need extensive modeling and assumptions, our approach learns directly from interacting with the environment, making it highly adaptable and robust. Through simulations, it is observed that our method improves resource utilization and overall network performance, achieving a 62.8% increase in sum rate and a 42.8% improvement in optimal transmit power compared to conventional methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 99.99% current efficiency fast transient response capacitor-less LDO with feedforward compensation technique based on small-signal gain stage 基于小信号增益级的前馈补偿技术的 99.99% 电流效率快速瞬态响应无电容 LDO

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155501

Qingyu Tang, Xiao Zhao, Zewei Zhang, Qisheng Zhang

{"title":"A 99.99% current efficiency fast transient response capacitor-less LDO with feedforward compensation technique based on small-signal gain stage","authors":"Qingyu Tang, Xiao Zhao, Zewei Zhang, Qisheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An ultra-low power capacitor-less LDO with feedforward compensation technique based on the small-signal gain stage and composite transient enhancement structure is proposed. The feedforward compensation technique based on the small-signal gain stage reaches a low frequency zero ,by utilizing the compensating effect of the zero to relieve the adverse effects of the pole, thereby enhancing the stability and performance of the circuit. Furthermore, the small gain stage can adjust the quiescent current consumption,contributing to a significant reduction in system energy consumption. The proposed composite transient enhancement structure can reduce the transition time of the circuit, adjust the gain of the circuit under different operating conditions to achieve precise gain control and improve the transient performance of the system. The proposed LDO is designed using SMIC 0.18um CMOS process. The simulation results show the total quiescent current is 0.94<span><math><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span> and the current efficiency is up to 99.99%. The extremely low FoM value of 0.04 represents a good transient performance. Synthesizing the comparison of various parameters, the superiority of this design can be clearly concluded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Augmented correlation matrix reconstruction for direction of arrival estimation using dual-spread array 利用双展布阵列进行到达方向估计的增强相关矩阵重构

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155497

Yunlong Yang , Guojun Jiang

{"title":"Augmented correlation matrix reconstruction for direction of arrival estimation using dual-spread array","authors":"Yunlong Yang , Guojun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the large degrees of freedom (DOF) by generating difference coarray, nonuniform arrays have great potential in direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. However, some existing nonuniform arrays (e.g., (sparse) nested arrays) still have comparatively strong mutual coupling in physical array domain, whereas the others (e.g., coprime arrays) have holes or only used part available in difference coarray domain, for the performance loss of DOA estimation. To address these issues, we propose two kinds of dual-spread arrays which achieve more and continuous DOF by exploiting correlation matrix reconstruction, rather than the generation of difference coarray. All inter-antenna spacings of the proposed arrays are larger than half-wavelength, resulting in extended aperture and reduced mutual coupling. An ESPRIT-based estimation method is further provided for unique DOA estimation with high-accuracy and low-complexity. The analyses of mutual coupling and computational complexity are provided in detailed. The theoretical analyses and simulation results show the superiority of the proposed arrays and method over the existing techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly isolated pin-loaded millimeter wave MIMO antenna array system for IoT-based smart environments 用于基于物联网的智能环境的高隔离引脚加载毫米波 MIMO 天线阵列系统

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155500

Saba Tariq , Arbab Abdur Rahim , Waleed Tariq Sethi , Farooq Faisal , Tarek Djerafi

{"title":"Highly isolated pin-loaded millimeter wave MIMO antenna array system for IoT-based smart environments","authors":"Saba Tariq , Arbab Abdur Rahim , Waleed Tariq Sethi , Farooq Faisal , Tarek Djerafi","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless devices are mainly designed for rapid indoor millimeter-wave (mmW) communication systems. These systems often require high gain mmW antennas within a wideband MIMO framework. This work presents a high performance quad element pin-loaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array for mmW communications that can be utilized within IoT-enabled smart environment. The novelty of these antenna elements lies in the incorporation of unique flower-shaped slots and shorting pins in each patch of a two-element antenna array. Moreover, a four-port MIMO antenna system is created by arranging the two element arrays in an orthogonal configuration. By employing this pattern diversity technique and incorporating shorting pins in each individual element, the adverse mutual coupling effects between adjacent elements are effectively mitigated. Experimental validation of the MIMO array prototype confirms the minimum isolation of 34 dB and high port isolation of 72 dB over the operating bandwidth from 26.31–30.25 GHz (3.96 GHz). Notably, these features together with lower correlation values and higher diversity gain, make it a good choice for mmW-based IoT devices in smart environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 155500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of optimum Chebyshev filters at microwave frequencies 微波频率下最佳切比雪夫滤波器的性能分析

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155502

Nikola Stojanović , Ivan Krstić , Negovan Stamenković

引用次数: 0

A Single Layer Low Axial Ratio Circularly Polarized Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array 单层低轴向比圆极化平面广角扫描相控阵

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155498

Yu Zeng, Xiao Ding, Yang Wang

{"title":"A Single Layer Low Axial Ratio Circularly Polarized Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array","authors":"Yu Zeng, Xiao Ding, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a circularly polarized planar wide-angle scanning phased array radar. The structure of the proposed array element is a windmill-type patch with an octagon-shaped series power divider. The proposed array exhibits a low axial ratio because the element has a wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth and the array topology uses the sequential rotation technique. Test results show that the proposed 8 × 8 uniform planar array can realize two-dimensional circularly polarized scanning from −60° to +60° in the working band of 3.43–3.48 GHz. The coverage gains of <em>θ</em> = ±60° are about 3 dB lower than the gain when the main beam points at <em>θ</em> = 0°. Moreover, in the scanning mentioned above airspace, the scanning beam axial ratio is below 0.5 dB in the <em>xz</em>-plane (<em>φ</em> = 0°) and <em>yz</em>-plane (<em>φ</em> = 90°) and below 1.4 dB in the D-plane (<em>φ</em> = 45°). Another notable feature is the single-layer structure, and its profile is only 0.08<em>λ</em><sub>0</sub> at the center wavelength. This good low- axial ratio and low-profile characteristics make the proposed array potentially applicable to low-orbit satellite communications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 155498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Realizing computer vision rehabilitation assessment tests & evaluation applications for mobile devices 为移动设备实现计算机视觉康复评估测试和评价应用

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155473

Orestis N. Zestas, Nikolaos D. Tselikas

{"title":"Realizing computer vision rehabilitation assessment tests & evaluation applications for mobile devices","authors":"Orestis N. Zestas, Nikolaos D. Tselikas","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Upper extremity impairments are a common consequence of stroke, necessitating thorough rehabilitation monitoring and kinematic assessments to facilitate motor recovery. The Box and Block Test (BBT) and Sollerman Hand Function Test (SHFT) are two widely utilized and recommended tools for objectively measuring upper limb dexterity and evaluating fine motor skill rehabilitation in patients. However, these tests rely on specific equipment and therapist attendance, making the process time-consuming and clinic-dependent. This paper introduces a computer vision-based hand rehabilitation assessment suite specifically designed for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, which serves as a virtual alternative to traditional methods while also incorporating an interactive exergame. Our application faithfully integrates the original tests’ guidelines and procedures into an engaging computer vision experience, utilizing advanced technologies like MediaPipe Hands for precise hand and finger tracking. This innovative solution obviates the need for additional computer peripherals such as smart gloves or VR headsets, as well as physical equipment like wooden boxes and blocks, relying solely on the built-in camera of everyday mobile devices. In addition, we address several technical challenges encountered in our approach and outline future directions for score normalization and feature expansion, ensuring the continued improvement and efficacy of our hand rehabilitation assessment suite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 155473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wideband dual-polarized high-efficiency transmitarray using isolated metal elements 使用隔离金属元件的宽带双极化高效率发射天线阵

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155480

Xin-Hui Jiao, Guobin Wan, Bin Fu, Yuxu Chen

{"title":"Wideband dual-polarized high-efficiency transmitarray using isolated metal elements","authors":"Xin-Hui Jiao, Guobin Wan, Bin Fu, Yuxu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A wideband dual-polarized high-efficiency transmitarray antenna utilizing the isolated metal elements is proposed. First, a dual-polarized isolated metal element supported by a substrate frame is introduced. Each array element is isolated from adjacent elements by gaps. To realize the element, a substrate frame is used to completely fill the gaps and support the elements. As a result, the limitation of metal connections is overcome, and the transmitarray bandwidth is significantly enhanced. Based on equivalent circuit of the element, its wideband operating mechanism is revealed. Then, to reduce the manufacturing difficulties and costs while maintaining electrical performance, PCB technology is applied to the transmitarray fabrication, integrating the elements and the substrate frame. Finally, a wideband dual-polarized substrate-based metal transmitarray is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results of the prototype indicate that its gain at the center frequency 10.2 GHz is 26.9 dBi, its 1-dB gain bandwidth is 23.4%, its efficiency is 56.1% and its lowest efficiency across the 1-dB gain bandwidth is 38% at 12.4 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a wideband two-layer substrate-based metal transmitarray has been proposed and implemented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 155480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and characterization of a meandered V-shaped antenna using characteristics mode analysis and its MIMO configuration for future mmWave devices 利用特性模式分析设计和鉴定蜿蜒 V 形天线及其 MIMO 配置，用于未来的毫米波设备

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155477

Hela Elmannai , Saad Hassan Kiani , B.G. Parveez Shariff , Daniyal Ali Sehrai , Tanweer Ali , Umair Rafique , Abeer D. Algarni

{"title":"Design and characterization of a meandered V-shaped antenna using characteristics mode analysis and its MIMO configuration for future mmWave devices","authors":"Hela Elmannai , Saad Hassan Kiani , B.G. Parveez Shariff , Daniyal Ali Sehrai , Tanweer Ali , Umair Rafique , Abeer D. Algarni","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel four-element MIMO antenna system designed for the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum. Each MIMO antenna element features a meandered V-shaped radiating structure fed by a 50<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> microstrip line and a partial ground plane with a square notch printed on a 0.254-mm thick RO5880 substrate. The characteristic mode analysis (CMA) of the antenna is done, which reveals that the antenna efficiently utilizes Mode 2, while Modes 1 and 4 also contribute to the resonance, resulting in a wideband response within the mmWave spectrum. A four-element pattern diversity MIMO configuration is developed to evaluate its suitability for MIMO communication, incorporating a connected ground-structure decoupling network to enhance isolation. The MIMO system achieves over 20 dB isolation between elements, with an impedance bandwidth ranging from 20.2 to 33.05 GHz and a peak gain of 6.6 dBi at 28 GHz. Fabrication and measurement validate the design, showing strong agreement with simulations. The MIMO performance metrics, including envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and channel capacity loss (CCL), are within acceptable limits, suggesting that the proposed MIMO antenna system is a promising candidate for future mmWave applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 155477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434841124003637/pdfft?md5=6d64ef6a23bc8c10540c0d1019029dbb&pid=1-s2.0-S1434841124003637-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wideband 32-Element 3D-MIMO antenna for vehicular applications 用于车辆应用的宽带 32 元 3D-MIMO 天线

IF 3 3区计算机科学

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155475

Arun Kumar Saurabh , Rupam Bharati , Manoj Kumar Meshram

{"title":"Wideband 32-Element 3D-MIMO antenna for vehicular applications","authors":"Arun Kumar Saurabh , Rupam Bharati , Manoj Kumar Meshram","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A wideband 32-element vehicular 3D-MIMO system is proposed by utilizing eight-element MIMO antenna for Internet-of-Vehicle/Vehicle-to-Everything. The eight-element MIMO antenna consists of four sets of two identical antenna elements are arranged 90<sup>0</sup> symmetrically on an octagon-shaped substrate cross-section area of 0.4374 <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>λ</mi><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. A combination of ground stubs between two same oriented antennas is loaded with shared ground at the bottom of the same substrate for better matching and low correlation, which are fed through the tapered microstrip line. Similarly, dual I-shaped stubs interconnected with shared ground for high isolation between a pair of corner elements. The proposed antenna achieved measured impedance bandwidth range (S<sub>ij</sub> ∈ <em>i</em> = <em>j</em> < − 10 dB) of 3.03–15.33 GHz with a maximum mutual coupling (S<sub>ij</sub> ∈ <em>i</em> ≠ <em>j</em>) value of − 15.5 dB. Furthermore, a set of eight-element MIMO antenna with extended ground is vertically orthogonally symmetrically rotated around the central axis, forming a 32-element 3D-MIMO antenna and its found results are almost close to eight-element antenna with an enhanced peak gain value of 12.1 dBi. The performances of the 3D-MIMO antenna with radome and large metallic sheet are also examined. The satisfactory results observed in the 3D system-in-package highlight its capability for advanced vehicular communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 155475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0