Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Validation of the vertical plant area index profile product derived from GEDI over global forest sites","authors":"Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Hongliang Fang ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Sijia Li ,&nbsp;Hao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the vertical plant area index (PAI) profile is critical for understanding the forest structural and functional characteristics. Vertical PAI profile has been retrieved by the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) spaceborne LiDAR. However, large-scale validation of the GEDI PAI profile products is limited, and their performance has yet to be clearly established. This study aims to systematically assess the performance of GEDI PAI profile product and investigate the impact factors on PAI profile estimates. The digital hemispherical photography (DHP) of vertical measurement and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data were collected to derive the reference PAI profiles. The results indicate that adjusting footprint geolocation before GEDI validation is essential for enhancing product assessment. The GEDI PAI profile moderately agrees with the DHP and ALS (R² = 0.84 and 0.58, respectively) but underestimates the reference (bias = −0.14 and −0.28, respectively). The needleleaf forest exhibits the highest agreement with ALS (R² = 0.60 and bias = −0.16), while shrubland shows the lowest agreement (R² = 0.38 and bias = 0.21). The agreement between GEDI and ALS increases with the canopy height but decreases with the canopy cover. Low vegetation height and steep slopes affect the GEDI PAI accuracy owing to the difficulty in decomposing the mixed ground and canopy returns. Additionally, the limited penetration of GEDI in dense vegetation with high canopy cover contributes to the underestimation. The performance of GEDI PAI profile can be improved by applying a specific canopy and ground reflectance ratio (<span><math><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></math></span>/<span><math><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></math></span>) value derived from the linear regression of return energy. The discrepancies between GEDI and ALS PAI profiles were partially attributed to the sub-optimal waveform processing algorithm settings and differences in LiDAR specifications. Further improvement to the GEDI PAI product may be achieved by implementing a customized waveform processing algorithm and using realistic <span><math><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>v</mi></msub></math></span>/<span><math><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></math></span> values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110612"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local and downwind precipitation has been boosted by evapotranspiration change-induced moisture recycling in the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Jinxia Fu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Han ,&nbsp;Wangjia Ji ,&nbsp;Liu Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wei ,&nbsp;Zhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Grain for Green Project in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has greatly increased vegetation cover and altered land use patterns. However, the effects of evapotranspiration (ET) from different vegetation types on local and downwind precipitation remain unclear. In this study, we employed a moisture tracking model to quantify the contributions of ET-driven moisture recycling to precipitation change for 1990–2019. We found the ET moisture over CLP flows northeastward to contribute to local and downwind precipitation. On average, 21 % of the ET moisture contributed to 14 % of local precipitation. The remaining ET moisture contributed unevenly to downwind precipitation of different regions: 38 % of ET for rest of China, 17 % for other countries, and 24 % for the ocean. The increased ET over the past three decades has greatly contributed to the increases in local precipitation. A 1 mm rise in ET can increase local precipitation by 0.15 mm, among which ∼70 % of the precipitation increase (0.1 mm) is attributed to transpiration. Collectively, a 60-mm increase in ET resulted in a net precipitation increase of 9 mm, accounting for 16 % of the total precipitation increase over the past three decades. The increased ET from grassland and cropland respectively contributed 61 % and 21 % to the increase of local precipitation. We conclude that the increased ET over the past three decades has greatly contributed to the increases in local precipitation, and grassland played a dominant role because of its larger area proportion. This finding has important implications for vegetation restoration and water resource management in the water-limited areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice water requirement exacerbates groundwater depletion in Northeast China under a changing climates","authors":"Yuanbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Jin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhentao Zhang ,&nbsp;Runze Liu ,&nbsp;Yanying Shi ,&nbsp;Haoyu Ma ,&nbsp;Chuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhijuan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Northeast China (NEC) has emerged as a key rice production region. However, the region’s scarce precipitation and surface water availability raise concerns about groundwater over intensive rice cultivation. Using the process-based rice model ORYZA (v3), we assessed irrigation water demand and groundwater depletion under two irrigation regimes - Flood (FLD) Irrigation and Alternative Wet-dry (AWD) Irrigation - across two climate change scenarios (SSP1–2.6 and SSP5–8.5). Results indicated a substantial increase in irrigation water demand (28.6 % to 52.3 %) and groundwater depletion ratio (23.6 % to 53.0 %) under future climate scenarios, with higher impacts under the more extreme SSP5–8.5 pathway. Spatial analysis revealed that regions with larger rice cultivation areas, particularly in Sanjiang Plain, are more vulnerable to groundwater depletion. Furthermore, the benefits of AWD irrigation in mitigating water stress decline under climate change, with reductions in groundwater extraction alleviation (by 7.6 % to 7.9 %) and water use efficiency improvement (by 8.1 % to 8.3 %). These findings underscore the urgent need for spatially optimized rice cultivation and adaptive irrigation strategies tailored to ensure long-term groundwater sustainability and regional food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved uncertainty estimates for eddy covariance-based carbon dioxide balances using deep ensembles for gap-filling","authors":"Henriikka Vekuri ,&nbsp;Juha-Pekka Tuovinen ,&nbsp;Liisa Kulmala ,&nbsp;Mika Aurela ,&nbsp;Tea Thum ,&nbsp;Jari Liski ,&nbsp;Annalea Lohila","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) fluxes are commonly used to determine CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> balances of ecosystems. However, comparisons between experimental treatments, environmental controls or measurement sites are not meaningful without proper uncertainty estimates for the balances. We studied how random and systematic errors depend on the amount of missing data and whether the uncertainty estimates produced by popular gap-filling methods, including tree-based machine learning methods, neural networks and marginal distribution sampling (MDS), are in line with these errors. Using synthetic data created for European forest sites, we found that when the proportion of missing data increased from 30% to 90%, the random uncertainty related to gap-filling (2<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>rnd</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>, computed from observed model errors) increased from approximately 10 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ up to 25–75 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ depending on the site and gap-filling method. Ensembles of neural networks (deep ensembles) had smaller random errors than the standard EC gap-filling method MDS, and also produced improved uncertainty estimates for the CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> balances. Long gaps of up to one month caused random uncertainty of mostly less than 50 g C m⁻² y⁻¹; however, a long gap during a dry and warm period that was inadequately represented in the measurements caused random uncertainty of up to 99 g C m⁻² y⁻¹. Deep ensembles produced well-calibrated uncertainty estimates also for the long gaps, except for the most difficult cases when long gaps occurred during periods of active change in the ecosystem. The uncertainty estimates produced by MDS for long gaps were clearly too small. Tree-based machine learning methods produced well-calibrated uncertainty estimates for short-term fluxes but not for balances and, unlike deep ensembles, did not extrapolate outside the training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering insights into the global and local origins of Betula spp. pollen in Iceland: Tracing long-distance transport pathways","authors":"Ewa Przedpelska-Wasowicz ,&nbsp;Paweł Bogawski ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Piotrowicz ,&nbsp;Beata Bosiacka ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń ,&nbsp;Dorota Myszkowska","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iceland’s natural woodlands are dominated by the downy birch (<em>Betula pubescens</em>), while the dwarf birch (<em>B. nana</em>) is common in shrublands. These two species are the local sources of allergenic pollen that, however, may also be transported from outside Iceland (distant sources). This study aims to detect long-distance pollen transport, elucidate its mechanisms, and assess the relative contributions of local and distant sources to Iceland’s birch pollen pool.</div><div>Pollen records (1998–2023) for Akureyri and Reykjavik were investigated using surface meteorological data, back-trajectories calculated by the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) and transformed into Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), complemented with Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and 500 hPa geopotential height (z500) patterns. Moreover, distributions of <em>Betula</em> spp. were modelled using random forest models to show the location of potential birch pollen sources.</div><div>We evidenced that birch pollen was transported across the Atlantic Ocean to Iceland, especially before the local pollen season, from Eastern Europe and Scotland, sometimes in large quantities (max:456 pollen m^-3). The SPIn in Akureyri was higher when pollen transported from the eastern part of Iceland or Scandinavia overlapped with the local pollen pool. In Reykjavik, pollen was transported from northern, western Iceland, but probably also from Greenland and Labrador. <em>Betula</em> spp. distribution maps in Iceland can aid future species distribution modelling under climate change. This research enhances the understanding of Arctic pollen transport dynamics and highlights the need for further research on high-latitude pollen dispersion mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposite effects of temperature and precipitation on vegetation growth onset in Africa","authors":"Siqi Shi ,&nbsp;Peiqi Yang ,&nbsp;Anton Vrieling ,&nbsp;Christiaan van der Tol","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110604","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Understanding the responses of vegetation phenology to climate change is of great importance in predicting land-atmosphere carbon and water exchange. Previous studies have revealed a delayed start of the growing season (SOS) in most African regions over the past three decades, contrasting with the advancing trend observed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the climatic drivers of this SOS delay in Africa remain unclear. We investigated the responses of SOS to pre-season precipitation (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and temperature (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) across Africa, and quantified the sensitivity of SOS to temporal variations in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; from 1982 to 2022. The results reveal that temporal variations of SOS were strongly correlated with both &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, but with divergent effects in Africa. Specifically, SOS was negatively correlated with &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, while positively correlated with &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. An increase in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; of 10 mm corresponded to an average advancement of SOS by 1.5 days (i.e., -0.15 days/mm), while a 1 °C warming in &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; led to a delay of 4.7 days (i.e., 4.7 days/°C) in SOS for Africa. Under climate change, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; over Africa significantly increased 0.03 °C/yr, while &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; slightly increased 0.10 mm/yr. The delay induced by the increasing &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; was more pronounced than the advance induced by the increasing &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, leading to widespread SOS delays across Africa. Furthermore, we observed that SOS was more sensitive to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in drier areas (relatively lower annual precipitation areas), while higher sensitivity to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in wetter areas (relatively higher annual precipitation areas). Similarly, along the gradients of spatial annual temperature, higher temperature sensitivity was found in lower annual temperature areas. Our study underscores the intricate re","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher warming rate in global arid regions driven by decreased ecosystem latent heat under rising vapor pressure deficit from 1981 to 2022","authors":"Jingping Wang ,&nbsp;Hanlin Niu ,&nbsp;Shupeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaosheng Xia ,&nbsp;Yanwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingjie Lu ,&nbsp;Bin He ,&nbsp;Tongwen Wu ,&nbsp;Chaoqing Song ,&nbsp;Zheng Fu ,&nbsp;Jingyu Yao ,&nbsp;Wenping Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vapor pressure deficit (VPD), an indicator of atmospheric dryness, is a critical environmental factor influencing terrestrial ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET), with the energy required for ET being supplied by latent heat flux (LE). VPD significantly affects regional and global climate systems by altering surface energy allocation. Under ongoing global warming, VPD is expected to increase continuously, amplifying its climatic impact. In this study, we systematically quantify the responses of ecosystem LE to VPD across different climatic zones using global eddy covariance observations and remote sensing-based modeling. The observational data reveal that LE decreases with rising VPD in arid regions, partly due to limited soil moisture, whereas LE increases in humid regions. Using an improved Remote Sensing-Penman Monteith (RS-PM) model, we estimate global LE from 1981 to 2022, and the modeled trends corroborate the observed spatial patterns: declining LE in arid regions and rising LE in humid zones. This finding corresponds with the divergent warming trends, with greater temperature increases in arid regions linked to a higher proportion of net radiation converted to sensible heat, thereby intensifying local warming. Our results comprehensively characterize the differential LE-VPD relationships under varying climatic conditions by integrating multi-source observations, advancing the understanding of local climate changes driven by LE. These findings are crucial for understanding the varying temperature trends between arid and humid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110622"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the growth and yields of Brachiaria Brizantha using the CROPGRO-perennial forage model under present and future climate conditions in subhumid environments of Ethiopia","authors":"Fantahun Dereje ,&nbsp;Ashenafi Mengistu ,&nbsp;Diriba Geleti ,&nbsp;Diriba Diba ,&nbsp;Fekede Feyissa ,&nbsp;Diego Pequeno ,&nbsp;Buzunesh Tesfaye","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brachiaria is a crucial forage crop in tropical and subtropical regions, but there is limited research on its response to climate change in Ethiopia. This study aimed to (1) calibrate and evaluate the performance of the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model and (2) assess the impact of climate change on future Brachiaria brizantha yield in the subhumid environments of Ethiopia. Field data from Debre Zeit (Bishoftu) and Bako Agricultural Research Centers were used to calibrate and evaluate the model for accurately simulating rainfed growth and biomass yield. Weather data, including rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation, were obtained from Bishoftu and Bako weather stations. Historical and future climate scenarios for the near future, mid-century, and end of the 21st century were derived from the CORDEX Africa outputs under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The calibration process involved refining parameters related to senescence and dormancy, vegetative partitioning, and N stress to improve the model's performance. Simulation results for future climate scenarios indicated an expected increase in biomass accumulation, with positive responses in the shoot, herbage biomass, and stem. However, leaf biomass and crude protein percentage of herbage are expected to decline. Overall, the production of B. brizantha is anticipated to increase in subhumid Ethiopian environments. Using simulations of CROPGRO-PFM can account for uncertainties about the impact of future climate change on Brachiaria grass. Further studies on Brachiaria forage responses under different management practices are advisable, to provide comprehensive information to policymakers and planners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110605"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing predictors for fuel moisture content in Central European forests","authors":"Johanna Kranz ,&nbsp;Konrad Bauer ,&nbsp;Valerio Pampanoni ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Christopher Marrs ,&nbsp;Matthias Mauder ,&nbsp;Markéta Poděbradská ,&nbsp;Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen ,&nbsp;Marta Yebra ,&nbsp;Matthias Forkel","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moisture content of litter, woody debris and living vegetation controls the ignition and spread of fires and the composition of fire emissions. Since many forests in Central Europe were not considered fire-prone, very few observations and knowledge about fuel moisture content (FMC) are available. In this study, we aim to evaluate the representativeness of (i) continuous FMC measurements from <em>in situ</em> fuel sticks, (ii) a model of litter fuel moisture (Koba model) and (iii) a vapour pressure deficit based model for FMC of litter and woody debris across four temperate forest sites in Germany. Following this, we investigate fire weather indices from <em>in situ</em> meteorological or large-scale models and satellite products as potential predictors of live and dead FMC in a correlation analysis and using univariate generalised additive models (GAM). Our results suggest that continuous 10-hour fuel stick measurements are predominantly in agreement with litter FMC in coniferous and deciduous stands. The Koba model shows a very high correlation with dead-FMC. Among the components of the fire weather index, the fine fuel moisture code emerged as the best predictor of fuel stick measurements (GAM performance: R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>=0.87, RMSE=4.1%), reflecting the expected relationship to destructively measured <em>in situ</em> FMC of litter and fine woody debris. FMC of live fuels is not or only weakly correlated with meteorological variables but moderate correlation was achieved with live-FMC retrievals from the Sentinel-1 radar satellite. The fire weather index from the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) underestimates the variability of locally measured fire weather and FMC. In summary, our results demonstrate the potential of local fire weather, fuel moisture measurements and of the litter fuel moisture model to enhance an accurate assessment of forest fire danger in Central European forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110590"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site aridity has a stronger impact on nocturnal sap flow than species with contrasting stomatal behaviors on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Junzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Gou ,&nbsp;Zhaoyong Hu ,&nbsp;Fen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihong Man ,&nbsp;Qipeng Sun ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Patrick Fonti","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought episodes, altering regional aridity levels. Previous studies have focused on the temporary impacts of seasonal drought on nocturnal sap flow, but how long-term site aridity levels and species-specific stomatal behaviors influence nocturnal sap flow remains unclear. Here, we monitored sap flux density and relevant environmental factors for 16 isohydric Qinghai spruce (<em>Picea crassifolia</em>) trees on the north-facing slope and 14 anisohydric Qilian juniper (<em>Juniperus przewalskii</em>) trees on the south-facing slope at four arid to semi-arid sites on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We assessed their nocturnal sap flux density (<em>F</em>_n), nocturnal sap flow volume (<em>Q</em>_n), and the proportion of <em>Q</em>_n to daily sap flow volume (<em>Q</em>_n/<em>Q</em>) over the growing season (May through September) in 2019. Our results show that <em>Q</em>_n on non-rainy days accounted for about 83 % of total <em>Q</em>_n on all days in the arid region and about 78 % in the semi-arid region. The average <em>Q</em>_n/<em>Q</em> on the non-rainy days was 8 % for Qilian juniper and 5 % for Qinghai spruce at the arid sites, while it was 15 % and 14 %, respectively, at the semi-arid sites. Differences in <em>F</em>_n and <em>Q</em>_n/<em>Q</em> were more pronounced between aridity levels (2–4 times) than between species (&lt; 1.3 times). In the semi-arid region, atmospheric vapor pressure deficit dominated <em>F</em>_n for both species (<em>r</em> = 0.86 for juniper and 0.78 for spruce), while soil water potential had a more significant impact on <em>F</em>_n in the arid region (<em>r</em> = 0.26 for juniper and 0.57 for spruce). Our findings suggest that site aridity levels have a stronger impact on nocturnal sap flow and its environmental response than species-specific stomatal behaviors in high-elevation dryland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 110611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}