Agricultural and Forest Meteorology最新文献

{"title":"Climate and vegetation jointly determine the interannual variation of net ecosystem CO2 fluxes over 12 years in a restored coastal wetland","authors":"Qingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Siyu Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Wang ,&nbsp;Weimin Song ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Baohua Xie ,&nbsp;Guangxuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetland CO₂ sinks represent a long-term, effective strategy for mitigating climate change and enhancing carbon sequestration. Many regions have adopted ecological restoration practices, such as “returning farmland to wetlands” to strengthen the CO₂ uptake capacity of ecosystems. However, the respective contributions of vegetation dynamics and climatic factors to ecosystem CO₂ sequestration during this process remain poorly understood. This study utilizes 12 years of CO₂ flux data, meteorological data, and remote sensing imagery from a restored coastal salt marsh to investigate how vegetation and climate jointly influence net ecosystem exchange (NEE) across multiple time scales and different restoration durations. The results demonstrate that both vegetation and climate provide critical insights into NEE dynamics. Integrating vegetation and climate data enhances the accuracy of NEE predictions, indicating their combined influence on ecosystem CO₂ sequestration. As the time scale increases, vegetation exerts progressively stronger control over NEE, although climatic factors remain the primary driver of its variation. Moreover, vegetation recovery during restoration enhances its regulatory effect on NEE, gradually reducing the relative influence of climate. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms driving NEE of CO₂ and offer valuable guidance for predicting and optimizing coastal wetland carbon sink functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of atmospheric water demand, water availability, and exposure on the drought response of Swiss temperate forests","authors":"Joan T. Sturm ,&nbsp;Vincent Humphrey ,&nbsp;Maria J. Santos ,&nbsp;Alexander Damm","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Projected increases in drought frequency and strength in Central Europe in the next two decades due to anthropogenic climate change pose challenges for European temperate forests. Understanding the correlation between drought stress, local conditions, and forest responses is crucial for effective forest management and climate mitigation measures. We examine how local water dynamics determine the response of Swiss forests during the European drought in 2018. We particularly investigate how increased atmospheric water demand, reduced soil water availability, and increased exposure of forests to potentially harsh abiotic conditions at the edge of the forest affect forest health.</div><div>We used Sentinel-2 data to calculate the normalized difference water index (NDWI) as proxy for forest health. Weather data, data from a process based hydrological model, a digital elevation model, and airborne LiDAR data were used to assess hydrological drivers. Our analysis revealed that forest exposure and water availability were more important than atmospheric water demand in explaining forest drought resistance. Regions with more limited water availability (47 % of Switzerland) had systematically higher proportions of forest areas that exhibited weak drought resistance (R² = 0.56 for moderate NDWI decrease and 0.55 for severe NDWI decrease). Forest exposure (i.e. the degree to which a forest patch stands out from the surroundings) could best explain weak drought resistance, with strong statistical relationships (R² = 0.69, R² = 0.50). Finally, atmospheric water demand had only a moderate effect on weak drought resistance (R² = 0.45 and 0.27). Our findings highlight the complex interplay of local water dynamics and forest responses to drought, while providing insights on how forest structure and exposure conditions at local scales affect responses and need to be considered when examining forest health under changing climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of small urban green spaces in mitigating urban heat: a fine-grained nationwide analysis","authors":"Zhiyu Xu ,&nbsp;Shuqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengke Shen ,&nbsp;Wenping Yuan ,&nbsp;Shuguang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces (UGS) are increasingly recognized as vital nature-based solutions for mitigating urban heat, particularly against a background of accelerating urbanization, anthropogenic warming, and intensifying heatwaves. However, small UGS (&lt;1 ha) have long been undervalued in cooling strategies due to their fragmented distribution and presumed limited cooling capacity. Here, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the multi-dimensional cooling effects of 60,064 UGS—ranging from 0.1 ha to 200 ha— across 36 major Chinese cities during the summer of 2020. The key findings are as follows: (1) Although small UGS comprise only 11.31 % ± 4.78 % of the total UGS area, they dominate in patch number (71.97 % ± 8.29 %) and contribute disproportionally to multi cooling effects, including cooling area (50.62 % ± 10.18 %), cooling intensity (55.36 % ± 9.8 %), cumulative cooling (64.96 % ± 8.85 %), cooling gradient (60.96 % ± 9.52 %), cooling area efficiency (94.42 % ± 1.99 %), and cooling intensity efficiency (94.91 % ± 1.95 %). (2) The cooling performance of small UGS is predominantly influenced by anthropogenic factors, with higher built-up and road areas enhancing their localized “urban oasis” effect. (3) The threshold values of cooling intensity efficiency (0.49–0.63 ha) and cooling area efficiency (12.38–19.90 ha) increase progressively from medium cities to megacities, correlating significantly correlations with urbanization factors. Meanwhile, these thresholds are a 6–24 % lower than those estimated without considering small UGS, suggesting the existence of diseconomy of greening for heat mitigation by ignoring small UGS. (4) Finally, six distinct clusters of cooling service bundles were identified, each characterized by distinct landscape characteristics, providing a framework for more tailored UGS planning and management strategies in diverse urban settings. These findings highlight the crucial role of small UGS in urban thermal mitigation and provide actionable ecological knowledge to enhance urban cooling efficiency towards sustainable cities and society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variations in vegetation greening and climate change impacts on gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration in the Loess Plateau","authors":"Fen Gou ,&nbsp;Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Bojie Fu ,&nbsp;Ning Chen ,&nbsp;Weibin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao Jin ,&nbsp;Jianwu Yan ,&nbsp;Yihe Lv ,&nbsp;Xingguo Mo ,&nbsp;Nan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Loess Plateau is vital to China's grain and energy production. Understanding the spatio-temporal variations and driving factors of gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in this area is crucial for optimizing ecological restoration strategies and effectively managing water resources. However, the impacts of land use types and flux changes driven by land use transitions and ecological restoration policies across regions remain unclear. Using a model based on remotely sensed vegetation indices and multi-period land use data, we estimate the spatial distribution and trends of GPP and ET from 1982 to 2017. Factorial simulations quantified how climatic factors and vegetation changes directly affected GPP and ET, and assessed contributions from land use and flux changes. The results indicate that the average annual GPP and ET for the entire plateau are 430.5 ± 58.7 g C m^-2 yr^-1 and 359.2 ± 29.4 mm yr^-1, respectively, with soil evaporation accounting for the largest proportion of ET (42.7 %), particularly in Sandy land region (I) (58.9 %). Meanwhile, both GPP and ET have significantly increased at rates of 5.3 g C m^-2 and 2.3 mm annually. The increase in ET is mainly driven by vegetation transpiration, especially in Loess hilly and gully region (II) and River valley plain region (III), while soil evaporation has slightly decreased. Vegetation greening is the dominant factor influencing GPP and ET changes, particularly after 2000. Climate factors, including precipitation and temperature, also contribute to these increases, but their influence is comparatively smaller. Further analysis reveals that flux changes in grasslands and croplands are dominant drivers of increased total GPP and ET across the Loess Plateau, with regions I and II contributing the most to these increases, particularly in the recent decade. This research provides valuable insights into optimizing ecological restoration strategies and balancing carbon-water dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy gap edge effects on overstory sap flux in a temperate mixed-hardwood forest","authors":"Morgan L. Arteman ,&nbsp;Jodi A. Forrester ,&nbsp;A․Christopher Oishi ,&nbsp;Tara L. Keyser","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canopy openings create gradients in microclimate and can increase transpiration of individual trees bordering the gaps. This study evaluates overstory tree water use in a mature, temperate, upland hardwood forest three and four years after the establishment of 0.1 and 1 ha experimental gaps. Sap flux density (<em>J_s</em>) was measured using thermal dissipation probes in 63 trees of dominant species groups, red maple (<em>Acer rubrum)</em>, hickory (<em>Carya</em> spp.), tulip-poplar (<em>Liriodendron tulipifera)</em>, and white oak and red oak groups (<em>Quercus</em> spp.), with increasing distance from experimental canopy gap edge (0 – 30 m). Diurnal, daily, and seasonal patterns of <em>J_s</em> showed no change with distance from gap edge and no difference between gap sizes, despite increased edge tree diameter growth. High tree-to-tree variability in <em>J_s</em> was prevalent within species, potentially intensified by steep slopes and rocky soils. There were clear differences in summer <em>J_s</em> between species with mesic species 43 % higher than oak and hickory species on average. As such, short-term effects of gap creation on local-scale water availability and stand-scale water use in mixed-hardwood forests will be largely driven by interactions between microclimate and vegetation dynamics within the gap, but not by canopy trees at the edge of the gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviving the carbon sink: The influence of moderate wind disturbance in a secondary temperate mixed forest","authors":"Zhecheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xingchang Wang ,&nbsp;Quanzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Liu ,&nbsp;Ben Bond-Lamberty ,&nbsp;Kalyn Dorheim ,&nbsp;Chuankuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global forests are increasingly exposed to climate-driven perturbations, which may in turn alter their climate mitigation potential. As tropical cyclones expand poleward due to climate warming, wind disturbances in temperate forests have become increasingly frequent. The consequences of moderate wind disturbances remain poorly understood, hindering efforts to quantify their role in the global carbon cycle. Here, we used 16 years of continuous eddy covariance and biometric measurements to investigate the impacts of moderate wind disturbances on the structure and carbon sink dynamics of a temperate forest in Northeast China. Following Typhoon Maysak in 2020, the mortality of large trees (particularly the aging pioneer species) increased ninefold, whereas that of small trees decreased by nearly half. Both stand basal area and leaf area index were reduced between 2019 and 2023, with aging pioneer tree species being more vulnerable than mid-to-late species to wind disturbances. Shifts in species composition altered the environmental sensitivity of forest carbon sink function. Unexpectedly, wind disturbances reversed the declining trends in net ecosystem production and ecosystem carbon use efficiency of this secondary forest. A novel composite structural indicator—the standardized leaf area index (the maximum leaf area supported by per basal area of the stand)—provided robust predictions (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.4) of carbon sink dynamics throughout the study period. The selective removal of less efficient pioneer trees accelerated succession and reversed the aging-related decline in forest carbon sink strength and carbon use efficiency. These findings highlight the potential role of moderate wind disturbances in enhancing forest carbon sink function and offer a framework for understanding, assessing, and predicting forest carbon dynamics under increasing disturbance frequencies driven by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation of forest water conservation based on dual-variable calibration of runoff and evapotranspiration with SWAT model","authors":"Jiao Chen ,&nbsp;Meiling Zheng ,&nbsp;Feng Lin ,&nbsp;Xingwei Chen ,&nbsp;Huaxia Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitations of traditional Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model calibration that relies solely on runoff, which fails to accurately depict the water cycle process and reasonably quantify forest water conservation, we proposed an improved approach. This method firstly conducts regional adaptation assessment and correction of evapotranspiration (ET) products based on water balance principles, then develops a dual-variable calibrated SWAT model using observed runoff and corrected products ET to obtain more accurate forest water conservation. Application of this method in Shanmei Reservoir Watershed (SMRW) located in southeastern coast of China demonstrated following results. Firstly, when the length of time series used for water balance analysis exceeded or equal to 11 years, the multi-year average change of water storage in the watershed could be negligible. Compared with the water-balance ET, the relative error of three ET products after correction were &lt;1 %. It indicated that the ET products correction method was workable. Secondly, the SWAT model with dual-variable calibration improved the simulation performance of daily runoff and spatiotemporal variations of ET. However, the degree of improvement varied across different products. The corrected FLDAS ET exhibited the best model application performance and the most significant improvement effect in the SMRW. Thirdly, the multi-year average amount of forest water conservation and forest water conservation coefficient from 2005–2016 in the SMRW were 574.05 mm and 0.31, respectively, and the spatial distribution pattern was high from east to west and low in the middle. Precipitation and forested land area were important factors affecting forest water conservation. Based on the correction of ET product, the SWAT model with dual-variable calibration can reflect spatiotemporal variations of forest water conservation more reasonably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110755"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmic-ray neutron sensors provide scale-appropriate soil water content and vegetation observations for eddy covariance stations in agricultural ecosystems","authors":"C. Brogi ,&nbsp;J. Jakobi ,&nbsp;J.A. Huisman ,&nbsp;M. Schmidt ,&nbsp;C. Montzka ,&nbsp;J.S. Bates ,&nbsp;S. Akter ,&nbsp;H.R. Bogena","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous information on soil water content (SWC) and plant development is crucial for environmental monitoring, agricultural management, and beyond. Cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS), widely used to estimate SWC, also have the potential to monitor field-scale variations in vegetation properties. In this study, a CRNS measured both epithermal (<span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span>) and thermal (<span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span>) neutron intensities over a 10-year period at an ICOS Class 1 ecosystem station in Selhausen (Germany). Compared to nearby point-scale sensors, the CRNS provided more representative SWC estimates within the monitoring area of the adjacent eddy covariance (EC) station. A general co-development was observed between <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span> and gross primary productivity (GPP), but differences during senescence and desiccation suggest that factors beyond plant water content can influence <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span>. An extensive dataset of plant height (PH), leaf area index (LAI), and dry above-ground biomass (AGB) was used to evaluate the ability of <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span> to monitor plant development. <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math></span> was found to be more closely related to vegetation dynamics than to changes in SWC. CRNS estimations of PH, LAI, and AGB yielded relatively good agreement with reference data (RMSE of 0.13 m, 1.01 m²/m², and 0.27 kg/m², respectively). The RMSE obtained with a leave-one-out cross validation generally confirmed these findings. Although CRNS estimates generally had lower accuracy than traditional methods, they have the key advantages of being continuous, non-invasive, and non-laborious. Combined with simultaneous estimation of SWC at a relevant spatial scale, CRNS becomes a particularly interesting tool among long-term monitoring platforms with further potential in modelling, remote sensing, and decision-making in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dynamics, emission mitigation, and yield optimization in farmlands: A machine learning framework for multi-variable prediction","authors":"Beibei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Hongxing He ,&nbsp;Conrad Zorn ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenzhou Guo ,&nbsp;Jiarui Wu ,&nbsp;Shengchao Qiao ,&nbsp;Lingling Kong ,&nbsp;Peifang Wang ,&nbsp;Chaoqing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) has become a promising approach in agro-ecosystem applications to simulate different fertilization management practices (FMP) and their impact on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, existing ML-based studies often focus on predicting single variables and lack a systematic framework, limiting model reliability and practical application. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a systematic, modular framework for ML-based multi-variable prediction in agro-ecosystems. Utilizing a comprehensive field-measured dataset, we developed a multi-variable system to predict crop yield, SOC accumulation, and GHG emissions (N₂O, CH₄) for three staple crops in China. The study evaluates a range of preprocessing techniques and algorithms on model performance and demonstrates the model’s application in the North China Plain (NCP) to identify FMPs that balance productivity with carbon mitigation. Our results show that k-Nearest Neighbors missing data imputation, Local Outlier Factor outlier detection, and the Random Forest ML algorithm combined to deliver the best performance for yield (R² = 0.83), SOC (R² = 0.91), and N₂O emissions (R² = 0.83). These models outperformed other candidates across all environmental, soil, and management subgroups. Notably, models with similar accuracy when evaluated with measured variables can show substantial variability in predicting the effects of FMPs compared to conventional practices, highlighting the importance of robust model selection for providing reliable guidance in optimizing FMPs. Partial Dependence Plot (PDP) analysis revealed distinct phases in SOC accumulation, underscoring the need for input datasets with broad temporal coverage to capture both short-term dynamics and long-term trends in SOC dynamics. Overall across the case study area, we identify that 50% Manure-N substitution can reduce global warming potential by 29.5% for maize and 19.5% for wheat while increasing SOC concentration more than fivefold over 30 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110740"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing mitigates soil GHG emissions while optimizes forage production of annual cereal grasses in an arid saline-alkali land","authors":"Jiao Ning ,&nbsp;Kaili Xie ,&nbsp;Yarong Guo ,&nbsp;Shanning Lou ,&nbsp;Shenghua Chang ,&nbsp;Wanhe Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiong Z. He ,&nbsp;Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock production faces the challenge of feed shortage due to the escalating demand for livestock products and the continued degradation of grasslands. The cultivation of annual forage crops may be an alternative option in the forthcoming decades. However, the impact of grassland utilization method (grazing vs. mowing) on forage yield and associated soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of annual sown pastures remains uncertain. A 4-year experiment was conducted in a saline-alkali cropland with irrigation of 560 mm yr^-1 in Northwest China. Annual forage crops were rotationally sown to elucidate the impact of grassland utilization methods on forage productivity (hay, crude protein (CP)) and soil GHG (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄) fluxes, aiming to optimize the trade-off between forage production and soil GHG emissions. Results show that compared to mowing, grazing increased the mean yields of hay and CP by 44.7 % and 50.2 %, respectively; however, grazing had no significant impact on the cumulative soil N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake but significantly reduced cumulative soil CO₂ emissions during the last two study years. For both grazing and mowing, soil water content was the primary influencing factor of soil N₂O emissions, and soil temperature was the primary influencing factor of soil CH₄ uptakes and CO₂ emissions. Cumulative soil N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptakes had upward trends with the increasing forage hay and CP yields under grazing. Cumulative soil CO₂ emission under mowing had a downward-curving relationship with the hay and CP yields. Overall, compared to mowing, grazing decreased hay and CP yield-scaled soil GHG intensity by 36.3 % and 38.6 % respectively. Grazing presents an effective strategy for optimizing forage production and environmental performance of annual cereal grasses in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50839,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","volume":"373 ","pages":"Article 110743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}