American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary patterns and omics: a meeting of 2 paradigm-shifting advances in nutrition science.","authors":"Katie A Meyer, David R Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignan Intake and Mortality Among Adults with Incident Type 2 Diabetes-Prospective Cohort Studies.","authors":"Binkai Liu, Yang Hu, Siyue Wang, Molin Wang, Eric B Rimm, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lignans are polyphenolic compounds abundant in plant-based foods such as seeds, whole grains, and certain fruits and vegetables and may lead to favorable metabolic health. It remains to be elucidated regarding the role of lignan consumption in the etiology of premature deaths among individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To prospectively examine the association between postdiagnosis lignan intake and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 2 prospective United States cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2020) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2022). Mean daily consumption of total and individual lignans was calculated, and postdiagnosis lignan intakes were cumulatively averaged. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between lignan intake and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8465 incident T2D cases contributing 116,026 person-years of follow-up, 4372 deaths were documented, including 1318 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 752 from cancer. The pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality comparing the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of postdiagnosis lignan intake were 0.83 (0.74, 0.94) for total lignans, 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) for matairesinol (MAT), 0.78 (0.69, 0.87) for secoisolariciresinol (SECO), 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) for pinoresinol (PINO), and 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) for lariciresinol (LARIC). Higher postdiagnosis SECO intake was also significantly associated with lower CVD and cancer mortality. Changes in lignan intake from pre- to postdiagnosis showed similar favorable associations: 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) for total lignans, 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) for MAT, and 0.81 (0.72, 0.90) for SECO. The associations of lignan intake were significantly stronger among nonwhite individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among individuals with T2D, a higher intake of lignans, particularly SECO, was significantly associated with reduced overall CVD and cancer mortality. Minority groups may particularly benefit from lignan intake, although further studies are warranted to substantiate this observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Health Diet Index Trends and Associations with Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Disease Biomarkers, Obesity, and Mortality in the United States (2005-2018).","authors":"Jiada Zhan, Linh Bui, Rebecca A Hodge, Meghan Zimmer, Tung Pham, Donald Rose, Amelia Willits-Smith, Walter C Willett","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet plays a vital role in human health and environmental effects. Monitoring diet quality and its relationship to both health and environment are essential for policy making.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze trends in the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and its associations with daily greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from food, disease-related biomarkers, anthropometric measurements, obesity, and all-cause mortality in the United States population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 27,181 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018, except for the mortality analysis. 23,599 adults were analyzed as the 2017-2018 NHANES dietary data were removed due to the potential for reverse causation. We calculated PHDI scores by using 2 24-h dietary recalls and GHG by linking the consumption of individual foods to dataFRIENDS, a food-environmental impact database. To assess associations with the PHDI, we used generalized linear regression models for GHG, disease-related biomarkers, and obesity and used the Cox proportional hazards model for all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The energy-adjusted mean of the PHDI (140 possible points) increased from 68.6 in 2005-2006 to 71.7 in 2017-2018 (P-trend < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintile (Q1), the highest PHDI quintile (Q5) was associated with 25% lower GHG emissions, a better cardiometabolic profile, lower prevalence ratios of obesity [0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.69] and abdominal obesity (0.74; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.82), and a lower risk of all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.78].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underscore the potential health and GHG emission benefits aligned with the planetary health diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Liangyu Yin, Na Li, Xin Lin, Ling Zhang, Yang Fan, Jie Liu, Zongliang Lu, Wei Li, Jiuwei Cui, Zengqing Guo, Qinghua Yao, Fuxiang Zhou, Ming Liu, Zhikang Chen, Huiqing Yu, Tao Li, Zengning Li, Pingping Jia, Chunhua Song, Hanping Shi, Hongxia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter cohort study. Cachexia was retrospectively diagnosed using Fearon's framework. PRCC was defined as a diagnosis of cancer cachexia at baseline that turned negative 1 mo later. Body weight dynamics accessible upon patient admission were screened and modeled to predict PRCC. Multiple ML models were trained and cross-validated using 70% of the data to predict PRCC, with the remaining 30% reserved for model evaluation. The interpretability and clinical usefulness of the optimal model were assessed, and external validation was performed in an independent cohort of 238 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 1983 men and 1784 women (median age = 58 y). PRCC was identified in 1983 patients (52.6%). Breast cancer exhibited the highest rate of PRCC (72.1%), whereas cachexia associated with various gastrointestinal cancers was less likely to be reversed. Weight change (WC) from 6 mo ago to 1 mo ago, WC from 1 mo ago to baseline (-1 to 0), and baseline body mass index were selected for modeling. A multilayer perceptron model showed good performance to predict PRCC in the holdout test set [area under the curve (95% confidence interval): 0.887 (0.866, 0.907); accuracy: 0.836; sensitivity: 0.859; specificity: 0.812] and the external validation set [area under the curve (95% confidence interval): 0.863 (0.778, 0.948)]. The WC -1 to 0 showed the highest impact on model output. The model was demonstrated to be clinically useful and statistically relevant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents an explainable ML model for the early identification of PRCC that utilizes simple body weight dynamics. The findings showcase the potential of this approach in improving the management of cancer cachexia to optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein supplementation delivered alone or in combination with presumptive azithromycin treatment for enteric pathogens did not improve linear growth in Bangladeshi infants: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Amanda C Palmer, Md Iqbal Hossain, Hasmot Ali, Kaniz Ayesha, Saijuddin Shaikh, Md Tanvir Islam, Fatema-Tuz Johura, Monica M Pasqualino, Hafizur Rahman, Rezwanul Haque, Kelsey Alland, Lee Shu-Fune Wu, Kerry J Schulze, Subhra Chakraborty, Keith P West, Munirul Alam, Tahmeed Ahmed, Alain B Labrique","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants aged 6-12 mo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a 2 × 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg/kg × 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 mo of age and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein-rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6 to 12 mo. We measured length at 6 and 12 mo. For this cluster-level intention-to-treat analysis of the 2 × 2 antibiotic and protein interventions, we used multiple linear or log-binomial regression with generalized estimating equations to assess changes in length-for-age z (LAZ) score and stunting (LAZ < -2), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 2055 infants (283 clusters) and included 1821 infants (281 clusters) with complete anthropometry data at 6 and 12 mo in our analysis. There were no significant interactions between the protein and antibiotic interventions for any outcomes. Independently, protein supplement did not improve LAZ (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.11; P = 0.07) or reduce stunting (prevalence ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.49; P = 0.41) compared with the isocaloric supplement. The antibiotic intervention had no effect on LAZ (β: -0.05; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.01; P = 0.09) or stunting (prevalence ratio: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.31; P = 0.96), relative to the placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation to increase intakes of high-quality protein, provided with or without presumptive treatment for enteric pathogens, did not improve linear growth from 6 to 12 mo of age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03683667.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of maternal and infant omega-3 status at 3 months postpartum: findings from the APrON longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Jaqueline Munhoz, Nour Wattar, Susan Goruk, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Megan Jarman, Laura Forbes, Rhonda C Bell, Fatheema B Subhan, Catherine J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Omega-3 long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are important dietary components for maternal and infant health during pregnancy and lactation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated determinants of maternal and infant LCPUFAs status at 3 mo postpartum and the relationship between maternal serum, maternal milk, and infant LCPUFAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included mothers (n = 1481) and their offspring (n = 526) at 3 mo postpartum from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort. Maternal dietary intake (24-h recall), blood samples from mothers and infants, and maternal milk were collected. Fatty acid composition (relative % of total fatty acids) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression analyses explored associations between diet, sociodemographic factors, and fatty acid status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a multivariable-adjusted analysis, maternal total dietary intake (supplement + food) was positively associated with the percentage of DHA (standardized ß [Sβ] = 0.158; ß = 0.394; 95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.192, 0.558; P < 0.001) in maternal serum phospholipids. Similar associations were found for DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in maternal milk and plasma phospholipids of infants. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with DHA (Sß = -0.073; ß = -0.003; 95% CI: -0.006, -0.001; P = 0.008) and positively associated with total saturated fatty acids (Sß = 0.086; ß = 0.111; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.180; P = 0.002) in maternal milk. Infants receiving formula combination with maternal milk had lower percentage of DHA (Sß = -0.177; ß = -0.390; 95% CI: -0.604, -0.175; P < 0.001) and arachidonic acid (Sß = -0.106; ß = -0.595; 95% CI: -1.122, -0.067; P = 0.027) in their plasma phospholipids compared with those who fed exclusively maternal milk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal total dietary intake and prepregnancy BMI are independently associated with their serum fatty acid status during lactation, whereas maternal diet, milk fatty acid composition, and lactation status are important determinants of infant n-3 LCPUFAs fatty acid status. Future research should investigate the impact of these differences in fatty acid status on infant health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of stunting and wasting across serial cross-sectional household surveys of children under 2 years of age in Pakistan: potential contribution of ecological factors.","authors":"Muhammad Islam, Shaukat Ali, Haris Majeed, Rafey Ali, Imran Ahmed, Sajid Soofi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of direct and indirect drivers on linear growth and wasting in young children is of public health interest. Although the contributions of poverty, maternal education, empowerment, and birth weight to early childhood growth are well recognized, the contribution of environmental factors like heat, precipitation, agriculture outputs, and food security in comparable datasets is less well established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the association of length-for-age z-score (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) with various indicators among children aged under 2 y in Pakistan using representative household-level nutrition surveys and ecological datasets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using geo-tagged metadata from Pakistan's 2011 and 2018 National Nutrition Surveys, anthropometric data from 29,887 children (9231 from 2011 and 20,656 from 2018) were analyzed. Dietary intake and food security data for 140 districts were linked to gridded data on temperature, precipitation and soil moisture, and district measures of agriculture production of edible crops. Multiple linear regressions assessed factors associated with LAZ and WLZ in index children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LAZ was positively associated with improved socioeconomic conditions (β = 0.06), food security (β = 0.10), birth size (β = 0.26), maternal age (β = 0.02), body mass index (β = 0.02), height (β = 0.02), and dietary score (β = 0.03). Negative associations with LAZ were found for increased temperature, precipitation, diarrhea, household crowding, and parity. Similar patterns were observed with WLZ for higher surface temperatures and precipitation was associated with declines in linear growth, alongside increased diarrhea prevalence and higher maternal parity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Apart from recognized multifactorial drivers of stunting and wasting among children such as poverty, food insecurity, and maternal undernutrition, our analysis suggests the potential independent association with climatic factors such as heat and excess precipitation over time. These findings underscore the need for further research and the potential integration of climatic mitigation and adaptation with nutrition response strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary fructose and human colon DNA methylation: implication for racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk using a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Matthew A Devall, Stephen Eaton, Gaizun Hu, Xiangqing Sun, Ethan Jakum, Samyukta Venkatesh, Steven M Powell, Cynthia Yoshida, Daniel J Weisenberger, Gregory S Cooper, Joseph Willis, Seham Ebrahim, Jamie Zoellner, Graham Casey, Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increasing body of evidence has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African-American (AA) adults consume greater quantities of fructose and are more likely to develop right-side colon cancer than European American (EA) adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined the hypothesis that fructose consumption leads to epigenomic and transcriptomic differences associated with CRC tumor biology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation data from this cross-sectional study was obtained using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC kit (GSE151732). Right and left colon differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using DMRcate through analysis of Food Frequency Questionnaire data on fructose consumption in normal colon biopsies (n = 79) of AA adults undergoing screening colonoscopy. Secondary analysis of CRC tumors was carried out using data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma, GSE101764, and GSE193535. Right colon organoids derived from AA (n = 5) and EA (n = 5) adults were exposed to 4.4 mM of fructose for 72 h. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4263 right colon fructose-associated DMRs [false-discovery rates (FDR) < 0.05]. In contrast, only 24 DMRs survived multiple testing corrections (FDR < 0.05) in matched, left colon. Almost 50% of right colon fructose-associated DMRs overlapped regions implicated in CRC in ≥1 of 3 data sets. Highly significant enrichment was also observed between genes corresponding to right colon fructose-associated DMRs and DEGs associated with fructose exposure in right colon organoids of AA individuals (P = 3.28E^-30). Overlapping and significant enrichments for fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, and cell proliferation pathways were also found. Cross-referencing genes within these pathways to DEGs in CRC tumors reveal potential roles for ankyrin repeat domain containing protein 23 and phosphofructokinase, platelet in fructose-mediated CRC risk for AA individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data support that dietary fructose exerts a greater CRC risk-related effect in the right than left colon among AA adults, alluding to its potential role in contributing to racial disparities in CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to R Kellermayer","authors":"Alexandra Cohen ,&nbsp;David R Mack","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Page 178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis identifies novel biological pathways that may link dietary quality to type 2 diabetes risk: evidence from African American and Asian cohorts","authors":"Charlie GY Lim ,&nbsp;Vlad Gradinariu ,&nbsp;Yujian Liang ,&nbsp;Casey M Rebholz ,&nbsp;Sameera Talegawkar ,&nbsp;Marinella Temprosa ,&nbsp;Yuan-I Min ,&nbsp;Xueling Sim ,&nbsp;James G Wilson ,&nbsp;Rob M van Dam","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diet affects the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, but the underlying biological mechanisms are only partly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to identify proteomic markers of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and their association with type 2 diabetes risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the associations between the AHEI and DASH diet quality scores and 1317 plasma proteins in African American participants of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS, <em>n</em> = 1878). These findings were validated in a Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (<em>n</em> = 2395) and examined in relation to type 2 diabetes incidence (<em>n</em> = 539 cases). We adjusted for multiple testing by using false discovery rate–adjusted <em>q</em> values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 13 proteins consistently associated with the AHEI or DASH scores with the strongest associations for the AHEI score and epidermal growth factor receptor (β:0.089; SE: 0.017; <em>q</em> &lt; 0.001) and for the DASH score and tissue factor (β: −0.114; SE: 0.022; <em>q</em> &lt; 0.001). Most of these proteins were related to inflammation, thrombosis, adipogenesis, and glucose metabolism. Concentrations of myeloperoxidase, epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, coagulation factor Xa, contactin 4, kynureninase, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1, and vesicular integral-membrane protein VIP36 were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in the Asian cohort. The diabetes odds ratio for a 2-fold higher protein abundance concentration ranged from 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.08) for neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 to 3.04 (95% CI: 2.13, 4.33) for kynureninase. Furthermore, genetic markers for myeloperoxidase and hepatocyte growth factor receptor were significantly associated with diabetes risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study across geographically and ethnically diverse populations identified robust protein biomarkers for healthy dietary patterns. Furthermore, our findings suggest novel biological mechanisms linking dietary patterns with type 2 diabetes development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 1","pages":"Pages 100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}