American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Responses to Isocaloric Macronutrient Modulation in Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance: a secondary analysis of the PERSonalized glucose Optimization through Nutritional intervention (PERSON) randomized trial.","authors":"Kelly M Jardon, Alexander Umanets, Koen Venema, Inez Trouwborst, Anouk Gijbels, Gabby B Hul, Els Siebelink, Lydia A Afman, Gijs H Goossens, Ellen E Blaak","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precision nutrition strategies can be effective in optimizing health outcomes. We previously showed that dietary macronutrient modulation targeting tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) phenotypes induced pronounced improvements in cardiometabolic health. It remains unclear whether these improvements may partially be explained by gut microbiota-related mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated whether 12-week high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) and low-fat, high-protein, high-fiber (LFHP) diets impact gut microbiota composition and functionality in people with predominant muscle (MIR) versus liver IR (LIR) in relation to cardiometabolic health improvements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This two-center, randomized, double-blind, dietary intervention trial included 179 individuals with LIR or MIR (40-75 years, BMI 25-40 kg/m²), who followed either a 12-week isocaloric HMUFA or LFHP diet. A 7-point oral glucose tolerance test was performed to determine tissue-specific IR and cardiometabolic risk factors. Fecal microbiota composition was profiled using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V3-V4 region), and GLP-1 and gut microbial products were determined in plasma and feces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HMUFA diet induced significant shifts in overall gut microbial composition (p <0.05) and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (q < 0.05) in the LIR phenotype, but not in MIR. The LFHP diet induced only modest changes in gut microbiota features. We found phenotype-specific correlations between specific baseline taxa abundance and change in metabolic outcomes (MIR-HMUFA: Barnesiela- ΔMISI (Spearman ρ = 0.45, p <0.001); LIR-HMUFA: Sutterella-Δplasma-CRP (Spearman ρ = 0.57, p = 0.0001) and a Rhodospirillales genus-ΔHOMA-IR (Spearman ρ = -0.58, p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with predominant LIR seem more prone to diet-induced gut microbiota-related improvements in cardiometabolic health than those with MIR, highlighting the importance of understanding heterogeneity in IR. Our findings support a role for the gut microbiota in precision nutrition targeting tissue-specific IR.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov registration: This is a secondary analysis of the PERSonalized glucose Optimization through Nutritional intervention (PERSON) randomized trial.</p><p><strong>Registration number: </strong>NCT03708419, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03708419.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a one-year calcium-enriched permeate supplement on bone health in post-menopausal females: The RENEW randomized controlled intervention trial.","authors":"Inge Tetens, Sadime B Kisi, Alexandr Parlesak, Sidse I I Rasmussen, Mai Ø Cramon, Caroline F Petersen, Danielle G Lemay, Dennis S Nielsen, Hanne C Bertram, Henrik J Andersen, Mette F Hitz","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoporosis is a common age-related skeletal disorder, especially in postmenopausal women, underscoring the need for effective nutritional strategies to preserve bone health. Calcium-enriched permeate (CP) and inulin may enhance absorption and bone mineral density (BMD) OBJECTIVE: To assess effects of daily supplementation of calcium-enriched permeate, with (CP-Inu) or without inulin, and calcium carbonate (CC) on bone turnover markers and BMD in vitamin D-sufficient postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 12-month randomized, double-blind, multi-center trial, postmenopausal women were allocated to receive daily either a maltodextrin as placebo, 800 mg calcium as CC, CP, or CP-Inu split into two doses. All received 20 μg vitamin D/day. Primary outcome was CTX; secondary outcomes P1NP and BMD. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess fixed and random effects. adjusted for multiple outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 417 participants (56.0 ± 4.2 years; BMI 25.5 ± 3.8) 316 (76%) completed the study with an average 89 % overall compliance. CTX remained unchanged from baseline to 12 months in the placebo group, while all intervention groups showed significant reductions versus placebo (μg/L): CC β = -0.137 (95% CI -0.193, -0.081), p = 2.59×10^-6; CP β = -0.150 (-0.208, -0.093), p = 1.62×10^-6; CP-Inu β = -0.149 (-0.207, -0.090), p = 1.96×10^-6. Compared with placebo, P1NP was significantly reduced in all intervention groups. By month 12, spine BMD (g/cm²) was higher with CC β = 0.0158, (0.0066, 0.0251), p = 0.0009; CP-Inu, β = 0.0142, (0.0046, 0.0238), p = 0.0040, and femoral neck BMD was higher with CP, β = 0.0116, (0.0042, 0.0190), p = 0.0022. No additional effects were observed in the CP-Inu group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Daily supplementation of 800 mg calcium in two doses from CP suppressed bone turnover markers and maintained BMD similarly to CC in vitamin D-sufficient postmenopausal women. Inulin provided no additional advantage. This trial was registered at http://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov as NCT04836637.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? No","authors":"Timothy D Noakes ,&nbsp;Louise M Burke","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, randomized controlled trials have established that, after eating either a low-carbohydrate, high-fat or a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet for 4–6 wk, trained athletes performed equally well during a maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max) test; during 5 and 1.6 km laboratory treadmill time trials; during a 6 × 800 m interval repetition session; and during a prolonged cycling test to exhaustion at 70%VO₂max. Indeed, during the 6 × 800 m interval repetition session, some subjects achieved the highest rates of fat oxidation (2 g/min) ever reported in humans; whereas ingestion of 10 g carbohydrate/h improved prolonged cycling test performance by 22%, equally following either diet. These data establish that muscle glycogen is not an obligatory fuel for exercise. Rather, exercise-induced hypoglycemia due to depletion of glucose in the small glucose pool in the liver and bloodstream, prevented by minimal carbohydrate ingestion during exercise, is the main metabolic contributor to premature fatigue during more prolonged submaximal exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition 2026 – Join The Global Nutrition Community in Washington D.C. (USA), July 25-28","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0002-9165(26)00144-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0002-9165(26)00144-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101335"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Resource Guide: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American Society for Nutrition Joint Taskforce for Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Keiy Murofushi ,&nbsp;Diana Thomas ,&nbsp;Samitinjaya Dhakal ,&nbsp;Heyjun Park ,&nbsp;Samantha Kleinberg ,&nbsp;Meg Salvia ,&nbsp;Mahsa Jessri ,&nbsp;Hannah Kittrell ,&nbsp;Anna Cataldo","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk fat intake, adiposity, and obesity in Canadian children: findings from the prospective Canadian CHILD Cohort Study","authors":"Tara Zeitoun ,&nbsp;Zheng Hao Chen ,&nbsp;David Burgner ,&nbsp;Gabbi MacKechnie ,&nbsp;Prue Huntington ,&nbsp;Toby Mansell ,&nbsp;Danielle Longmore ,&nbsp;Piushkumar J Mandhane ,&nbsp;Elinor Simons ,&nbsp;Stuart E Turvey ,&nbsp;Padmaja Subbarao ,&nbsp;Theo J Moraes ,&nbsp;Daniel W Sellen ,&nbsp;Kozeta Miliku","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Guidelines in Canada, the United States, and other countries recommend that children switch from whole (3.25%) to reduced-fat milk after age 2 years to limit saturated fat intake and prevent obesity, despite these recommendations being derived primarily from adult studies. Emerging pediatric evidence challenges this approach, but prospective data in early school-aged children are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To test for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of cow milk-fat content at age 5 years and adiposity indicators and obesity status among 5- and 8-year-old Canadian children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from the CHILD Cohort Study, a national longitudinal prospective pregnancy cohort study. At age 5 years, caregivers reported the fat content of cow milk consumed (skim [0%], 1%, 2%, and whole [3.25%]). Anthropometric measures at ages 5 years (<em>N</em> = 2043) and 8 years (<em>N</em> = 1574) included body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio <em>z</em>-scores; and at age 8 years, fat mass percentage (measured by bioelectric impedance analysis) and obesity (defined using World Health Organization criteria and the new clinical obesity Lancet Commission definitions). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At age 5 years, most children consumed 2% (48.9%) or 3.25% (23.9%) fat from cow milk. Compared with skimmed cow milk, whole (3.25%) cow milk consumption was associated with lower BMI <em>z</em>-score at age 5 years [<em>β</em>: −0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.54, −0.13] and lower odds of living with obesity [odds ratio (OR): 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.67]. Whole cow milk consumption at 5 years was also inversely associated with BMI <em>z</em>-score (<em>β</em>: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.11), waist-to-height ratio <em>z</em>-score (<em>β</em>: −0.35; 95% CI: −0.63, −0.07), fat mass (<em>β</em>: −1.58; 95% CI: −3.10, −0.06), obesity (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.80), and preclinical obesity (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.70) at age 8 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Whole cow milk consumption at age 5 years was associated with lower adiposity and obesity indicators in middle childhood. These findings challenge current recommendations to limit milk fat in children and may inform future dietary guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a low-carbohydrate diet impede endurance sports performance? Debate Consensus","authors":"Louise M Burke ,&nbsp;Timothy D Noakes","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to current scientific consensus, strategies that promote the availability of body carbohydrate (CHO) stores to meet the fuel needs of endurance sport represent the best approach to optimize performance. Such strategies are known to achieve a range of metabolic and nonmetabolic benefits during both high intensity exercise of short duration and more prolonged exercise of lower intensity. This debate considered a counter proposal to the concept that fat oxidation cannot supply ATP sufficiently rapidly to support performance in such events. Indeed, the “ketogenic low-CHO high-fat” diet can increase the athlete’s capacity to oxidize the more plentiful body fat stores. Even here, however, CHO ingestion during exercise improves performance of prolonged events by preventing exercise-induced hypoglycemia. This debate sought to advance current understanding of the competing ideas that to maximize either their CHO or fat oxidation during exercise and so optimize their performance, endurance athletes should eat diets rich in either CHO or fat. Points of agreement include the muscle’s capacity to be trained to increase oxidation of either fuel, whereas points of disagreement include whether strategies to promote highest rates of CHO oxidation provide advantages over the amounts needed to prevent hypoglycemia. Future research should target challenges in measuring both metabolism and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Dandinoğlu","authors":"Abigail R Bournot,&nbsp;Kathryn H Hart,&nbsp;Susan A Lanham-New,&nbsp;Andrea L Darling","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: strengthening the foundation of human milk nutrient data in North America","authors":"Janet E Williams ,&nbsp;Michelle K McGuire","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering vitamin D threshold definitions in studies of respiratory tract infections","authors":"Taner Dandinoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 5","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}