American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Reply to C Harding et al.","authors":"Roman Trepp , Raphaela Muri , Regula Everts","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 744-745"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma metabolomic signature of a proinflammatory diet in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Miao Long ,&nbsp;Xikang Fan ,&nbsp;Mian Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu ,&nbsp;Chengqu Fu ,&nbsp;Jianv Huang ,&nbsp;Yuefan Shen ,&nbsp;Xueni Cheng ,&nbsp;Pengfei Luo ,&nbsp;Jian Su ,&nbsp;Jinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Dong Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A proinflammatory diet has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying metabolic roles remain to be elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism between proinflammatory diet and breast cancer risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 273,324 females from the UK Biobank. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed via an energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on a 24-h recall questionnaire. The plasma metabolome was profiled via high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A metabolic signature was constructed by summing selected metabolite concentrations weighted by the coefficients via absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to assess the associations of the E-DII and metabolic signature with breast cancer risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We constructed a metabolic signature comprising 26 metabolites associated with a proinflammatory diet. These metabolites primarily included lipoproteins, amino acids, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Both the E-DII and metabolic signature were positively associated with breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest quintile with the lowest quintile: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.32; and 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.46, respectively]. Furthermore, we found that saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage and acetone concentration were positively associated (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.37; HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32, respectively), whereas the degree of unsaturation was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified a metabolic signature that reflects a proinflammatory diet and is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 548-557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Consumption, Additive Use, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes—Results from 3 Large Prospective United States Cohort Studies","authors":"Matthias Henn ,&nbsp;Andrea J Glenn ,&nbsp;Walter C Willett ,&nbsp;Miguel A Martínez-González ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Consumption of coffee has been consistently associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether the use of additives may modify the association.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the association between coffee consumption and risk of T2D by considering the addition of sugar, artificial sweeteners, cream, or a nondairy coffee whitener.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used 3 large prospective cohorts—Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1986–2020), NHS II (1991–2020), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS 1991–2020). Self-reported coffee consumption, additive use, and T2D incidence were confirmed using validated questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with multivariable adjustment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During 3,665,408 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,281 incident T2D cases. After multivariable adjustment, each additional cup of coffee without any additive was associated with 10% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.92) in the pooled analysis of the 3 cohorts. The inverse association did not change among participants who added cream. Among participants who added sugar to coffee (on average 1 teaspoon per cup), the association was significantly weakened (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97; interaction term HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27). A similar pattern was observed among those who used artificial sweeteners (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96; interaction term HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28). The association between coffee consumption and T2D risk among those who used coffee whitener was also attenuated, although the interaction was not significant (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00; interaction term HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.66, 2.06).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adding sugar or artificial sweetener significantly attenuates the magnitude of the inverse association between higher coffee consumption and T2D risk, whereas the use of cream do not alter the inverse association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 695-702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein supplementation delivered alone or in combination with presumptive azithromycin treatment for enteric pathogens did not improve linear growth in Bangladeshi infants: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial","authors":"Amanda C Palmer ,&nbsp;Md Iqbal Hossain ,&nbsp;Hasmot Ali ,&nbsp;Kaniz Ayesha ,&nbsp;Saijuddin Shaikh ,&nbsp;Md Tanvir Islam ,&nbsp;Fatema-Tuz Johura ,&nbsp;Monica M Pasqualino ,&nbsp;Hafizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Rezwanul Haque ,&nbsp;Kelsey Alland ,&nbsp;Lee Shu-Fune Wu ,&nbsp;Kerry J Schulze ,&nbsp;Subhra Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Keith P West Jr. ,&nbsp;Munirul Alam ,&nbsp;Tahmeed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Alain B Labrique","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants aged 6–12 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a 2 × 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg/kg × 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 mo of age and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein–rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6 to 12 mo. We measured length at 6 and 12 mo. For this cluster-level intention-to-treat analysis of the 2 × 2 antibiotic and protein interventions, we used multiple linear or log-binomial regression with generalized estimating equations to assess changes in length-for-age <em>z</em> (LAZ) score and stunting (LAZ &lt; −2), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 2055 infants (283 clusters) and included 1821 infants (281 clusters) with complete anthropometry data at 6 and 12 mo in our analysis. There were no significant interactions between the protein and antibiotic interventions for any outcomes. Independently, protein supplement did not improve LAZ (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.11; <em>P</em> = 0.07) or reduce stunting (prevalence ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.49; <em>P</em> = 0.41) compared with the isocaloric supplement. The antibiotic intervention had no effect on LAZ (β: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.11, 0.01; <em>P</em> = 0.09) or stunting (prevalence ratio: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.31; <em>P</em> = 0.96), relative to the placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Supplementation to increase intakes of high-quality protein, provided with or without presumptive treatment for enteric pathogens, did not improve linear growth from 6 to 12 mo of age.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03683667.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 597-609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of maternal and infant omega-3 status at 3 months postpartum: findings from the APrON longitudinal cohort study","authors":"Jaqueline Munhoz ,&nbsp;Nour Wattar ,&nbsp;Susan Goruk ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Pakseresht ,&nbsp;Megan Jarman ,&nbsp;Laura Forbes ,&nbsp;Rhonda C Bell ,&nbsp;Fatheema B Subhan ,&nbsp;Catherine J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Omega-3 long-chain–polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are important dietary components for maternal and infant health during pregnancy and lactation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated determinants of maternal and infant LCPUFAs status at 3 mo postpartum and the relationship between maternal serum, maternal milk, and infant LCPUFAs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included mothers (<em>n</em> = 1481) and their offspring (<em>n</em> = 526) at 3 mo postpartum from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort. Maternal dietary intake (24-h recall), blood samples from mothers and infants, and maternal milk were collected. Fatty acid composition (relative % of total fatty acids) was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Linear regression analyses explored associations between diet, sociodemographic factors, and fatty acid status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In a multivariable-adjusted analysis, maternal total dietary intake (supplement + food) was positively associated with the percentage of DHA (standardized ß [Sβ] = 0.158; ß = 0.394; 95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.192, 0.558; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in maternal serum phospholipids. Similar associations were found for DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid in maternal milk and plasma phospholipids of infants. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with DHA (Sß = −0.073; ß = −0.003; 95% CI: −0.006, −0.001; <em>P</em> = 0.008) and positively associated with total saturated fatty acids (Sß = 0.086; ß = 0.111; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.180; <em>P</em> = 0.002) in maternal milk. Infants receiving formula combination with maternal milk had lower percentage of DHA (Sß = −0.177; ß = −0.390; 95% CI: −0.604, −0.175; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and arachidonic acid (Sß = −0.106; ß = −0.595; 95% CI: −1.122, −0.067; <em>P</em> = 0.027) in their plasma phospholipids compared with those who fed exclusively maternal milk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maternal total dietary intake and prepregnancy BMI are independently associated with their serum fatty acid status during lactation, whereas maternal diet, milk fatty acid composition, and lactation status are important determinants of infant n–3 LCPUFAs fatty acid status. Future research should investigate the impact of these differences in fatty acid status on infant health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 629-642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of stunting and wasting across serial cross-sectional household surveys of children under 2 years of age in Pakistan: potential contribution of ecological factors","authors":"Muhammad Islam ,&nbsp;Shaukat Ali ,&nbsp;Haris Majeed ,&nbsp;Rafey Ali ,&nbsp;Imran Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sajid Soofi ,&nbsp;Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The impact of direct and indirect drivers on linear growth and wasting in young children is of public health interest. Although the contributions of poverty, maternal education, empowerment, and birth weight to early childhood growth are well recognized, the contribution of environmental factors like heat, precipitation, agriculture outputs, and food security in comparable datasets is less well established.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the association of length-for-age <em>z</em>-score (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) with various indicators among children aged under 2 y in Pakistan using representative household-level nutrition surveys and ecological datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using geo-tagged metadata from Pakistan’s 2011 and 2018 National Nutrition Surveys, anthropometric data from 29,887 children (9231 from 2011 and 20,656 from 2018) were analyzed. Dietary intake and food security data for 140 districts were linked to gridded data on temperature, precipitation and soil moisture, and district measures of agriculture production of edible crops. Multiple linear regressions assessed factors associated with LAZ and WLZ in index children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LAZ was positively associated with improved socioeconomic conditions (<em>β</em> = 0.06), food security (<em>β</em> = 0.10), birth size (<em>β</em> = 0.26), maternal age (<em>β</em> = 0.02), body mass index (<em>β</em> = 0.02), height (<em>β</em> = 0.02), and dietary score (<em>β</em> = 0.03). Negative associations with LAZ were found for increased temperature, precipitation, diarrhea, household crowding, and parity. Similar patterns were observed with WLZ for higher surface temperatures and precipitation was associated with declines in linear growth, alongside increased diarrhea prevalence and higher maternal parity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Apart from recognized multifactorial drivers of stunting and wasting among children such as poverty, food insecurity, and maternal undernutrition, our analysis suggests the potential independent association with climatic factors such as heat and excess precipitation over time. These findings underscore the need for further research and the potential integration of climatic mitigation and adaptation with nutrition response strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 610-619"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating eating architecture and the impact of the precision of recorded eating time: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Francisca Ibacache,&nbsp;Kate Northstone,&nbsp;Mengxuan Zou,&nbsp;Laura Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The precision of recorded eating times directly affects the estimation of eating architecture, that is, size, timing, and frequency of eating. The impact of imprecise timing on estimates and associations of eating architecture with health remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We compared eating architecture variables derived from precise with those of broad timing methods and examined associations with anthropometric-related and diet-related outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data came from 3-d diet diaries of 7-y-old children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We derived mean size, timing, and frequency of eating, using exact times (precise, <em>n</em> = 4855) and midpoint meal slot times (broad, <em>n</em> = 7285). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated agreement between methods. Bland–Altman analysis determined mean difference and limits of agreement (LOAs). Correlations (95% CIs) estimated associations between eating architecture variables and anthropometric-related or diet-related traits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Agreement varied from moderate to excellent for size (ICC: 0.75), last or first time (ICC: 0.80 or 0.58), and frequency (ICC: 0.43) of eating occasions. Broad times underestimated eating frequency (2.2 times/d; LOA: −1, 5) and overestimated size (83 g; LOA: −179, 13), last time (50 min; LOA: −142, 42), intermeal intervals (68 min; LOA: −126, −11), and eating window (49 min; LOA: −161, 63). Directions of eating architecture intercorrelations were consistent regardless of time precision but varied in magnitude, for example, larger eating occasion size correlated with lower eating frequency but was stronger with precise time (<em>r</em>_precise = −0.54; 95% CI: −0.56, −0.52; <em>r</em>_broad = −0.24; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.22). Correlations with anthropometric-related and diet-related outcomes were also directionally consistent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Precise timing improves the estimation of eating architecture. Differences in estimation will affect descriptions of children’s eating habits and possibly dietary guidance. However, consistent directional associations across timing methods suggest that broad times could provide a pragmatic method for investigating eating architecture associations in large samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 685-694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the prevention paradigm for cardiometabolic diseases to target dementia through multiple low-risk lifestyle behaviors: a story of adherence","authors":"John L Sievenpiper ,&nbsp;Laura Chiavaroli","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 505-508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-cardiovascular disease healthy lifestyle, inflammation and metabolic biomarkers, and risk of dementia: a population-based longitudinal study","authors":"Fei Tian ,&nbsp;Yuhua Wang ,&nbsp;Shengtao Wei ,&nbsp;Chaoling Zhang ,&nbsp;Gan Wu ,&nbsp;Zilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Baozhuo Ai ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Wang ,&nbsp;Chongjian Wang ,&nbsp;Hualiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with an increased risk of dementia, but the impact of healthy lifestyle on post-CVD dementia remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to explore the association between post-CVD healthy lifestyle factors and risk of dementia. We further examined whether inflammation and metabolic biomarkers played a role in this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study included 77,324 dementia-free participants with prevalent CVD from the UK Biobank. We constructed the lifestyle score based on no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, adequate sleep duration, less sedentary behavior, and frequent social contact. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the association of healthy lifestyle with risk of CVD-related dementia. Mediation models were fitted to investigate the underlying mechanisms driven by systemic inflammation, lipid profiles, liver/renal function, and blood pressure indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 12.43 y, 1605 all-cause dementia (ACD) cases were documented, including 646 Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) cases and 427 vascular dementia (VaD) cases. Healthy lifestyle scores were significantly associated with lower risk of dementia. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the participants with 6–7 healthy lifestyle score were 0.50 (0.40, 0.62) for ACD, 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) for AD, and 0.30 (0.19, 0.48) for VaD, compared their counterpart with 0–1 score. Low-grade inflammatory markers and specific metabolic biomarkers were detected to significantly mediated the observed associations, explaining 1%∼11% of the associations of healthy lifestyle factors with dementia risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors is significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia in individuals with CVD. The observed associations may be partly explained by a reduction in systemic inflammation and the promotion of metabolic balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 511-521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of linear growth-improving interventions on childhood overnutrition at 24 months: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Rukman Manapurath ,&nbsp;Ranadip Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Sunita Taneja ,&nbsp;Nita Bhandari ,&nbsp;Anura V Kurpad ,&nbsp;Sarita Devi ,&nbsp;Pratibha Dwarkanath ,&nbsp;Tor A Strand","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood malnutrition, both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a major health concern in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts to reduce early undernutrition could also lead to obesity. In an earlier study, we reported the successful impact of a package of preconception, pregnancy, postnatal, and/or early childhood interventions (health, nutrition, psychosocial support, and water, sanitation, and hygiene) delivered in the first 1000 d, on reducing stunting in low-to-middle-income populations, in comparison with routine care. However, the impact of these interventions on early body composition and subsequent overweight is not known.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of a package of interventions directed at preventing stunting in the first 1000 d on body composition at 1 mo and childhood overweight and/or obesity at 24 mo of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Infant body composition was measured by deuterium dilution at 1 mo of age, along with the prevalence of childhood overweight and/or obesity at 24 mo, defined by a body mass index-for-Age <em>Z</em> (BMI<em>z</em>) score &gt;+2 standard deviation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children in the preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood intervention group and those in the pregnancy and early childhood intervention group had higher body mass index <em>z</em> scores than those in routine care. However, the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity was low (ranging from 0.0 to 1.3%). Pregnancy interventions significantly increased neonatal fat-free mass (mean difference 0.1 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.2). However, there was no significant change in fat mass.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Comprehensive interventions from preconception to early childhood improve linear growth but do not result in overweight and/or obesity at 24 mo. With better resultant linear and ponderal growth, they converge with the World Health Organization's “double-duty actions for nutrition” for LMIC settings, where childhood overweight and/or obesity is a growing concern.</div><div>This trial was registered at Clinical Trials Registry - India as CTRI/2017/06/008908.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 3","pages":"Pages 620-628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}