American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Plasma chylomicron-rich lipidomic and fatty acid profile following a meat or analogue meal in healthy males: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Toan Pham, Lillian Morton, Nicola Gillies, Emma Bermingham, Scott Knowles, David Cameron-Smith, Andrea J Braakhuis","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The composition of a meal impacts the digestion and absorption of dietary fats, potentially affecting their role in cardiovascular and chronic disease risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the fatty acid concentrations, including LCω3FA, the lipidome and lipids in response to a meal containing grain-fed beef, pasture-fed beef, lamb or Beyond Burger (PBMA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized crossover trial where healthy males (n = 27) consumed a standardized burrito-style meal containing meat or alternative matched for protein and carbohydrate content on four separate occasions, with a minimum washout period of 1-week. Blood samples were collected before the meal and hourly for 4 hours after the meal. The changes in the fatty acid distribution, the lipidome of the chylomicron rich fraction (CMRF) and plasma lipids were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed modelling and mixed effect ANOVA showed significant changes in the fatty acid postprandial response following all meals (p < 0.05) and subtle differences between meal types. Significant lipidomic features were predominantly TG for time (89 of 223) and meal (63 of 66). Meat meals had higher lysophosphatidylcholines in the chylomicrons (χ²(3) = 6.00, p= .042; W = 0.074, 95% CI 0.024, 1.030). The grain beef and lamb showed a significantly lower triglyceride response in plasma compared to PBMA (grain: -0.346, 95% CI -0.692 to - 0.0004; lamb: (-0.458, 95% CI -0.880 to -0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are subtle differences in the lipid response to beef, lamb and PMBA containing meal. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04545398. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04545398.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund /American Institute for Cancer Research Score and Cancer Risk: Results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.","authors":"Ashley H Tjaden, Audrey A Goldbaum, Sharon L Edelstein, Brandy M Heckman-Stoddard, Jill Reedy, William H Herman, Mary Hoskin, William C Knowler, Mathias Schlögl, Karla A Temple, Elizabeth M Venditti, Karol Watson, Marinella Temprosa, Marissa M Shams-White","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modifying lifestyle factors may reduce the incidence of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined how alignment with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations using the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was associated with incident lifestyle-related cancer in adults with prediabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP, 1996-2001) and DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS, 2002-2020), an observational follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions (mean 3y) and followed for an additional 19y. The 2018 WCRF/AICR Score (0-7 points; higher score, better alignment) was calculated from body weight, physical activity, diet, and alcohol components at 0, 1, 5, 6, 9, and 15y after randomization. Incident cancer was based on the 2018 WCRF/AICR 3rd Expert Report (18 cancers associated with lifestyle). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models estimated associations between the Score (baseline [0], change from 0-1y, time-dependent) and lifestyle-related cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' (N=3000) mean baseline WCRF/AICR Score was 3.2 (SD=1.1). There were 403 incident lifestyle-related cancer cases. Scores improved after 1y and 15y (mean increase=0.43 and 0.27pts, respectively, both p<0.001). The baseline Score was not associated with cancer risk. However, a 1-unit Score improvement from 0-1y and time-dependent Scores were significantly associated with a 14% (Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.86; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.76, 0.97) and 9% (HR=0.91; 95% CI 0.83, 0.997) lower risk, respectively, with no effect modification by intervention group or diabetes status. In exploratory by-component analyses, no single component was associated with risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alignment with WCRF/AICR Recommendations may lower cancer risk in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, highlighting the importance of considering lifestyle factors for cancer prevention.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Diabetes Prevention Program, NCT00004992; Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, NCT00038727 DPP STUDY REGISTRATION PAGE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00004992 DPPOS STUDY REGISTRATION PAGE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00038727.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers for individualized nutritional therapy in disease-related malnutrition: A narrative review.","authors":"Carla Wunderle, Kai Urbach, Lena Buchmueller, Selina Randegger, Nina Kaegi-Braun, Alessandro Laviano, Arthur R H van Zanten, David S Seres, Philipp Schuetz","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease-related malnutrition in hospitalized adult medical patients is a syndrome associated with substantially higher morbidity, disability, both short- and long-term mortality, delayed recovery, and increased healthcare costs compared to individuals without malnutrition. Research on malnutrition has aimed to translate existing knowledge of its pathophysiology into improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current evidence on the use of biomarkers to individualize nutritional therapy. There is particular interest in developing nutritional interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of disease-related malnutrition within hospital environments. Recent high-quality randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that nutritional therapy significantly reduces morbidity and other complications associated with malnutrition in selected patient populations. Additionally, there is growing evidence that phenotyping patients through assessing nutritional biomarkers or adapted risk screening scores may enhance our ability to characterize them in terms of prognosis and likelihood of treatment response. Currently, several promising biomarkers have been identified, including markers of inflammation (e.g., C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), indicators of chronic disease (e.g., creatinine, prealbumin, albumin, and red cell distribution width), measures of muscle health (e.g., hand grip strength and CT scan results), endocrine and exocrine markers, estimates of catabolism as well as emerging metabolomic indicators. While the clinical use of individual biomarkers requires careful assessment, machine learning and artificial intelligence show promise for improving the analysis and interpretation of existing data in the near future. It is crucial to use biomarkers to distinguish etiology at an individual level when implementing nutritional treatment interventions. The key challenge ahead is to determine the most effective way to incorporate these biomarkers into established assessment tools, optimizing personalized nutritional care for patients with malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of an Ecological Approach to Address Micronutrient Malnutrition.","authors":"Daniel J Raiten, Jose M Saavedra, Gerald F Combs, Omar Dary, Emily Levin, Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global public health context has become increasingly complex with the confluence of widespread infectious and non-communicable diseases, and widespread food insecurity which has led to alarming rates of hunger and multiple consequences of malnutrition. A key component of this complexity is prevalent deficiencies of micronutrients (MNs, i.e., essential vitamins and minerals), many of which have been overlooked in public health programs addressing malnutrition. Herein, we lay out an approach to more comprehensively address this complexity by considering the interactions of internal (biology, health, developmental context) and external (diet/food environment, social, economic, climate and physical) environments on humans and their nutritional health, i.e., an ecology. We present a conceptual framework for applying this ecological perspective with foci on: 1) How to apply this approach to assessments that capture the complexity of the nutritional ecology; and 2) How to expand he understanding of the biology of MNs in biological systems and the environmental factors that influence them. Suggestions are included for a targeted clinical, public health and research agenda to inform the development of context-specific, nutritional assessment and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the association between a dietary pattern high in fat, sugar, and sodium and adverse pregnancy outcomes by maternal characteristics: a US pregnancy cohort study.","authors":"Lisa M Bodnar, Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Ya-Hui Yu, Edward Kennedy, Sara M Parisi, Ashley I Naimi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Precision nutrition\" aims to recognize variation in response to dietary patterns to inform tailored advice based on behavioral, social, environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to identify characteristics of pregnant individuals that modify the associations between a high fat, sugar, and sodium diet and poor perinatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used data from 8054 participants in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (8 US medical centers, 2010‒2013), a prospective cohort study. Usual periconceptional dietary intake was assessed at 6‒13 weeks gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. The exposure was a high fat, sugar, and sodium dietary pattern versus all other diet patterns. The outcome was a composite of one or more perinatal outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, or small-for-gestational-age birth. We used the doubly-robust learner, which enables the use of machine learning to identify maternal characteristics that modify the effect of the dietary pattern on the composite outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 29% had a dietary pattern that was high in fat, sugar, and sodium. One quarter had any adverse pregnancy outcome. The confounder-adjusted association between a high fat, sugar, and sodium dietary pattern and the risk of the adverse composite pregnancy outcome was stronger among certain subgroups of the cohort than others, including individuals with a higher BMI, lower socioeconomic status, and non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity. For instance, compared with other diet patterns, intake of a diet high in fat, sugar, and sodium was associated with 5.9 excess cases per 100 pregnancies (adjusted risk difference 0.059 (95% confidence interval 0.012, 0.11) among individuals living in a high-poverty neighborhood, but 2.3 excess cases per 100 pregnancies (0.023; 95% CI -0.011, 0.057) among those residing in a low-poverty neighborhood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work may provide clues that contribute to a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity in dietary responses in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary diversity as a modifier of the effect of supplementation with multiple micronutrients during pregnancy on low birth weight in a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh.","authors":"Mary de Boer, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Lee Wu, Saijuddin Shaikh, Hasmot Ali, Keith P West, Parul Christian","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meta-analysis of trials of multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) vs iron-folic acid (IFA) suggests an overall benefit of 12% on low birthweight (LBW).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Building on prior work showing that MMS is more effective in anemic and higher BMI females, this paper explores whether dietary quality modifies the effect of MMS on birthweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A seven-day food frequency questionnaire was administered in late pregnancy to 19,160 pregnant participants in the JiVitA-3 cluster-randomized controlled trial of MMS vs. IFA supplementation in Bangladesh. A 10-item dietary diversity score (DDS) was created summing the number of food groups consumed ≥4 times/week. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of MMS vs IFA on LBW were estimated by DDS. The interaction between DDS and MMS was tested using a generalized estimating equations log-binomial regression model to account for the cluster randomization. Point estimates and 95% CI for the effect of MMS on LBW were estimated at each DDS. Models were adjusted for confounders. We used p < 0.1 to determine statistical significance of the interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median DDS was 3 (IQR: 2-4), and 18.6% of PW had a score ≥ 5. The fully adjusted protective effect of MMS on LBW was inversely associated with dietary diversity [MMSxDDS RR: 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04), p-interaction = 0.05]. The effect was greatest at the lowest DDS [DDS= 1, RR LBW: 0.86 (0.81, 0.91)] and decreased at higher scores [DDS = 7, RR: 0.92 (0.84, 1.00)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In rural Bangladesh, where maternal dietary diversity was generally low, MMS (compared to IFA) supplementation had the strongest effect on reducing low birth weight among pregnant females with the least diverse diet, possibly reflecting the additional benefit of supplementation in this vulnerable group.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong></p><p><strong>Gov identifier: </strong>NCT00860470.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between habitual adherence to the planetary-health diet and mortality and major chronic disease risk among UK Biobank participants.","authors":"Nena Karavasiloglou, Flurina Suter, Alysha S Thompson, Giulia Pestoni, Aedín Cassidy, Tilman Kühn, Sabine Rohrmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since a healthy diet is a key contributor to human health and the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed the 'planetary health diet' (PHD) in 2019. The literature on the association between the PHD and the risk for health outcomes is sparse and diverse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To increase the knowledge of the potential effects of the PHD on human health, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort study, investigating whether habitual adherence to the PHD was associated with health outcomes among participants in the UK Biobank cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Depending on the health outcome, between 196,099 and 204,778 participants of the UK Biobank, aged 39 to 72 years at recruitment were included. The UK Biobank Oxford WebQ 24-hour dietary assessment data was used to define a scoring system, ranging from 0 to 14 points, that reflects participants' habitual adherence to the PHD. Habitual dietary intake was determined by using the Multiple Source Method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to investigate the association of adherence to the PHD with all-cause mortality, cancer risk, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For every 1-point increase in the PHD score a 3% lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99) and a 9% lower lung cancer risk (0.91; 0.87, 0.96) was observed. A trend between adherence to the PHD and all-cancer risk (0.99; 0.98, 1.00) and a null association between PHD adherence and CVD risk (0.99; 0.96, 1.02) were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results point towards an inverse association between habitual adherence to the PHD and all-cause mortality and cancer risk, although the associations with cancer depended on the cancer type. Our study provides additional evidence that sustainable diets can improve human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of consuming an iron supplement with a meal containing animal or plant-based meat on indicators of iron status and anemia in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency: a randomized, controlled study.","authors":"Stephen R Hennigar, Katelyn M Miller, Robert D Murphy, Amy Braymer, Christy L Mayet, Frank L Greenway, Susan N Cheung, Camila Weschenfelder, Claire E Berryman","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal meat contains heme iron, which is more bioavailable and better absorbed than non-heme iron found in plants. Animal meat also contains a \"meat factor\" that stimulates absorption of non-heme iron.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether consuming an iron supplement, a source of non-heme iron, with a meal containing animal meat once a day for 8 weeks leads to improvements in iron status in females with iron deficiency compared to those consuming the same iron supplement with a meal containing plant-based meat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-arm study, non-pregnant women of reproductive age (n=52; 24 ± 7 y; body mass index 22.9 ± 3.0 kg/m²) with low iron stores (serum ferritin <25 μg/L) were randomized to consume an iron supplement containing 32 mg elemental iron (from ferrous sulfate) with a lunch meal containing either 4 oz. of 1) beef (Animal) or 2) Beyond Meat (Plant) once a day for 8 weeks. Meals were identical except for the addition of Animal or Plant. The primary outcomes were biochemical indicators of iron status and anemia. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline indicators of iron status and anemia did not differ between groups. Daily consumption of an iron supplement with a lunch meal for 8 weeks improved serum ferritin (main time effect: +10.7 ± 9.6 μg/L, P<0.0001), transferrin saturation (main time effect: +5.1 ± 18.7%, P=0.048), soluble transferrin receptor (main time effect: -0.6 ± 1.0 mg/L, P<0.001), body iron stores (main time effect: +2.8 ± 3.1 mg/kg, P<0.0001), and hemoglobin (main time effect: +0.5 ± 0.9 g/dL, P=0.0002) regardless of whether the meals contained Animal or Plant (treatment-by-time interaction: P>0.05 for all indicators).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that the \"meat factor\" does not contribute substantially to improvements in iron status in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency when consumed with an iron supplement for 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04793906.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.","authors":"Meredith A J Hullar, Orsalem Kahsai, Keith R Curtis, Sandi L Navarro, Yuzheng Zhang, Timothy W Randolph, Lisa Levy, Ali Shojaie, Mario Kratz, Marian L Neuhouser, Paul D Lampe, Daniel Raftery, Johanna W Lampe","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary patterns characterized by low-glycemic, minimally processed plant foods are associated with lower risk of several chronic diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the effects of a low glycemic load (LGL) versus a high glycemic load (HGL) dietary pattern on stool bacterial community structure and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in this crossover-controlled feeding study were healthy men and women (n=69). We identified genera, species, and genes and transcripts of metabolic pathways and bacterial enzymes using 16S rRNA gene, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall community structure measured by alpha and beta diversity were not significantly different across the diets although diet did significantly increase the abundance of 13 out of 161 genera (p_adj<0.05) and 5 species in the LGL and 7 species in the HGL diet. Gene expression in the hexitol fermentation pathway (β=-1.15, SE=0.24 with 95% CI (-1.63, -0.67); p_adj=0.002) was significantly higher in the HGL diet, whereas expression in the L-lysine biosynthesis pathway (β =0.20, SE=0.05 with 95% CI (0.09, 0.30); p_adj=0.03); was enriched in the LGL diet. The beta diversity of expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) was significantly different between the diets (MiRKAT, p<0.001). CAZymes enriched in the HGL diet reflected dietary additives while CAZymes enriched in the LGL diet reflected diverse phytochemical intake. There was a significant interaction between HOMA IR and the Coenzyme A biosynthesis I pathway involved in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (p_adj=0.035) that was positive in the HGL diet (β=0.20, SE=0.09 with 95% CI (0.02, 0.39)) and negative in the LGL diet (β =-0.23, SE=0.09 with 95% CI (-0.40, -0.06)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy humans, diet impacts microbial metabolism and enzymatic activity but not the overall diversity of the gut microbiome. This emphasizes the relevance of dietary components in activating expression of specific bacterial genes and their impact on host metabolism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confronting the fatty acid problem in preterm infants: biological needs, nutritional gaps.","authors":"Camilia R Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}