American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Fried food consumption-related gut microbiota is associated with obesity, fat distribution and cardiometabolic diseases: results from two large longitudinal cohorts with sibling comparison analyses.","authors":"Yiting Duan, Yuwei Li, Chengquan Xu, Wenjie Wang, Xiaoyan Wang, Weifang Zheng, Julianna C Hsing, Joyce Wu, April Myers, Ann W Hsing, Wei He, Shankuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In prospective cohort studies, the relationship between fried food consumption, gut microbiota, obesity, and cardiometabolic diseases remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to explore associations of fried food consumption with gut microbiota and associations of fried food consumption-related microbiota with obesity and related disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 6,637 individuals from the WELL-China cohort (baseline 2016-2019) and 3,466 from the Lanxi cohort (baseline 2017-2019), with follow-up until June 24, 2024. Face-to-face interviews provided data on fried food consumption and other covariates. Analysis of 16S rRNA data from fecal samples collected at baseline identified microbial genera. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Microbiome Multivariable Associations with Linear Models (MaAsLin) helped identify genera associated with frequency of fried food consumption in the cross-sectional analysis. Cox regression models examined the relationship of fried food consumption-related microbiota with cardiometabolic diseases during follow-up. Sibling comparison analyses were used to control for unmeasured familial confounders using the between-within (BW) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five microbial genera were significantly associated with fried food consumption frequency. Using these genera, we constructed a fried food consumption-related microbiota index. Meta-analysis of both cohorts found a positive relationship of this index with overall adiposity measures (BMI) (β coefficient, 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19-0.32) and central fat distribution parameters (including android-gynoid fat ratio (β, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14-1.82)). Longitudinal analyses indicated that a higher fried food consumption-related microbiota index was linked to a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.16 (1.07-1.27) for diabetes and 1.16 (1.06-1.26) for major adverse cardiovascular events. Sibling comparison analyses yielded similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fried food consumption-related microbiome is associated with a higher risk of obesity, central fat distribution, and cardiometabolic diseases, emphasizing the importance of dietary choices in the management and prevention of chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call to action: a need for community-driven minimum information standards for food composition data.","authors":"Kai L Blumberg, Kyle McKillop, Pamela R Pehrsson, Naomi K Fukagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The foods we eat have a fundamental impact on our health; however, there are many challenges associated with capturing the nutritional variability of foods sourced from ever-evolving and increasingly global food production systems. In the United States and around the world, there have been many efforts to collect high-quality analytical food composition data. However, a gap remains about how to consistently annotate and map the content of one food composition database to another, resulting in challenges of data \"siloing.\" Furthermore, historical standards have typically provided guidelines rather than strict programmatically enforced schemas for data reporting. Similar challenges have been overcome in various life-science and informatics disciplines by the creation and adoption of community-driven minimum information standards for reporting domain-specific data types. In this perspective article, we discuss historical and current developments of food composition efforts, as well as efforts made in the development, adoption, and use of other reporting standards to illustrate the urgent need for the creation of a universally accepted data reporting standard for food composition data. We call for the creation of an open working group to develop this new standard. Additionally, we outline existing organizations, standards, and tools relevant to the development of a new standard. Finally, we detail expected activities for the working group, as well as anticipated challenges to developing and deploying a globally acceptable food composition data reporting standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected micronutrients - considering a broader set of vitamins and minerals in public health nutrition programs worldwide: A narrative review.","authors":"Kenneth H Brown, Sonja Y Hess, Sophie E Moore, Gerald F Combs, Kevin D Cashman, Helene McNulty, Lindsay H Allen, Nancy F Krebs, Christine M Pfeiffer, Michael E Rybak, Saskia Jm Osendarp","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several essential vitamins and minerals whose deficiencies are associated with metabolic and functional disorders, including increased morbidity and mortality from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, are not being adequately addressed by large-scale, public health nutrition programs worldwide. These neglected micronutrients include thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin D, vitamin K, calcium, selenium, and possibly others. In this narrative review, our objectives are to describe briefly the health implications of each of these deficiencies, summarize the limited available information on their epidemiology, and suggest possible approaches to address them. We conclude that more information, based on dietary assessments, nutritional biomarker surveys, and systematic surveillance of associated health conditions, is needed. Appropriate intervention programs, including changes in food systems to provide wider access to nutrient-rich foods, food fortification and targeted supplementation, should be implemented in settings where these deficiencies are confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized dose-response trial of n–3 fatty acids in hormone receptor negative breast cancer survivors – impact on breast adipose oxylipin and DNA methylation patterns","authors":"David E Frankhouser ,&nbsp;Todd DeWees ,&nbsp;Isabel F Snodgrass ,&nbsp;Rachel M Cole ,&nbsp;Sarah Steck ,&nbsp;Danielle Thomas ,&nbsp;Chidimma Kalu ,&nbsp;Martha A Belury ,&nbsp;Steven K Clinton ,&nbsp;John W Newman ,&nbsp;Lisa D Yee","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increasing evidence suggests the unique susceptibility of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative [ERPR(−)] breast cancer to dietary fat amount and type. Dietary n–3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may modulate breast adipose fatty acids and downstream metabolites to counteract procarcinogenic signaling in the mammary microenvironment.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to determine effects of ∼1 to 5 g/d EPA+DHA over 12 mo on breast adipose fatty acid and oxylipin profiles in survivors of ERPR(−) breast cancer, a high-risk molecular subtype.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a proof-of-concept 12-mo randomized double-blind trial comparing ∼5 g/d and ∼1 g/d EPA+DHA supplementation in females within 5 y of completing standard therapy for ERPR(−) breast cancer Stages 0 to III. Blood and breast adipose tissue specimens were collected every 3 mo for fatty acid, oxylipin, and DNA methylation (DNAm) analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51 participants completed the 12-mo intervention. Study treatments were generally well tolerated. Although both doses increased n–3 PUFAs from baseline in breast adipose, erythrocytes, and plasma, the 5 g/d supplement was more potent with differences (% total fatty acids) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 0.96), 6.25 (95% CI: 5.02, 7.48), and 5.89 (95% CI: 4.53, 7.25), respectively. The 5 g/d dose also reduced plasma triglycerides from baseline, with changes (mg/dL) of 27.38 (95% CI: 10.99, 43.78) and 24.58 (95% CI: 9.05, 40.10) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Breast adipose oxylipins showed dose-dependent increases in DHA and EPA metabolites. Distinct DNAm patterns in adipose tissue after 12 mo suggest potential downregulation of aberrant lipid metabolism pathways at the 5 g/d dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over 1 y, EPA+DHA dose-dependently increased breast adipose concentrations of these fatty acids and their derivative oxylipin metabolites and produced differential DNAm profiles involved in metabolism-related pathways critical to ERPR(−) breast cancer development. This distinct metabolic and epigenetic modulation of the breast microenvironment is achievable with high-dose n–3 PUFA supplementation.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT02295059.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of methods for estimating discretionary salt intake among females of reproductive age in Oromia region, Ethiopia","authors":"Christine M McDonald ,&nbsp;Isaac Agbemafle ,&nbsp;Meseret Woldeyohannes ,&nbsp;Masresha Tessema ,&nbsp;Mengistu Fereja ,&nbsp;Teshome Assefa ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Biniyam Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Yvonne E Goh ,&nbsp;Mandana Arabi ,&nbsp;Homero Martinez ,&nbsp;Kenneth H Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate and precise estimates of discretionary salt intake are essential to the design of salt fortification and sodium reduction interventions; however, there is limited methodological guidance for low-resource field settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to compare measures of association and agreement between the weighed food record (WFR) and 4 other methods for estimating daily discretionary salt intake among females of reproductive age (FRA) in the Oromia region of Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 100 FRA were enrolled in a cross-sectional study that assessed discretionary salt intake using 5 approaches: <em>1</em>) 1-d WFRs; <em>2</em>) duplicate diet composites to assess the total sodium content of the diet and preparation of corresponding replicate diet composites excluding discretionary salt to measure the intrinsic sodium content of the diet in 40 participants; <em>3</em>) 24-h urinary sodium excretion; <em>4</em>) 1-d household salt disappearance; and <em>5</em>) 1-wk household salt disappearance. WFR, 1-d household salt disappearance, and 24-h urine collections were repeated in a subset of 40 participants to estimate usual discretionary salt intake from observed discretionary salt intake. Correlation and Bland–Altman analyses were conducted to assess the association and agreement between the WFR and methods 2–5.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Estimates of the mean ± SD discretionary salt intake ranged from 6.8 ± 1.9 g/d (WFR usual intake estimate) to 10.0 ± 7.3 g/d (1-d household salt disappearance per household member). One-day salt disappearance per adult female equivalent and per household member was most strongly associated with the WFR method (<em>r</em> = 0.675, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and <em>r</em> = 0.645, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively). The difference in mean discretionary salt intake was the smallest between the replicate diet composite and the WFR method (–0.58 ± 4.21 g).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The WFR method, our predefined reference method, with repeated assessments in a subgroup of participants likely yields the most precise and accurate estimation of actual discretionary salt intake. If resource constraints preclude this method, estimating salt utilization per household member via a 1-d disappearance study following preliminary WFRs to allow for potential adjustment may be an appropriate alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The harms of high protein intake: conjectured, postulated, claimed, and presumed, but shown?","authors":"Stephen J French ,&nbsp;Mitchell Kanter ,&nbsp;Kevin C Maki ,&nbsp;Bret M Rust ,&nbsp;David B Allison","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-protein (HP) diets and protein-supplemented foods and beverages have become increasingly popular in adults due to potential benefits relating to appetite, energy intake, body weight, and body composition, and questions have been posed regarding whether current dietary recommendations for protein are too low. At the same time, health concerns relating to high-protein diets have been widespread in the literature for &gt;60 y. However, the conjectured harms of HP diets, which remain prevalent in the lay and sometimes academic literature, are often without strong scientific evidence or may actually be contradicted to a reasonable degree of certainty by scientific evidence. In this paper, we discuss several of the postulated harms cited in academic and lay publications and investigate the strength of evidence to support or refute these asserted harms. We highlight areas of caution relating to experimental design and interpretation of results and propose areas of research that would be helpful to better determine the potential risks associated with high dietary protein intake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of rice bran extract for alleviating depressive symptoms in adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Sung-Young Huh ,&nbsp;Ye Li Lee ,&nbsp;Su Hui Kim ,&nbsp;Sang Yeoup Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preclinical research indicates the potential benefit of rice bran extract supplements (RBS) in improving depressive-like behaviors and symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an 8-wk administration of RBS in alleviating depressive symptoms among adults with mild-to-moderate symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 100 adults (aged 19–75 y) with scores of 7–24 on the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS). Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 g/d of RBS or a placebo for 8 wk. Evaluations at baseline and after 8 wk included mood assessments using K-HDRS, the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (K-PHQ-9), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and other psychological scales. Biomarker measurements included serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin, dopamine, and salivary cortisol.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the RBS and placebo groups, 47 and 50 participants, respectively, completed the intervention. At 8 wk, the RBS group exhibited greater reductions in K-HDRS scores compared with the placebo group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with adjusted differences of −5.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): –7.07, –4.39; intention-to treat analysis (ITT)] and −5.95 [95% CI: –7.33, –4.57, per-protocol analysis (PP)], corresponding to percent changes of −45.1% (ITT) and −46.0% (PP), respectively. A trend toward greater reductions in the percent changes of K-BDI-II and K-BAI scores was observed in the RBS group compared with the placebo group (ITT and PP). Notably, K-PHQ-9 scores were lower in the RBS group than in the placebo group (<em>P</em> = 0.026, PP) after 8 wk of treatment. However, no significant intergroup differences were identified in other questionnaire scores or biomarker measurements. No adverse events were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RBS may provide a beneficial effect on depressive symptoms of mild-to-moderate severity in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered in <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> with registration number NCT05180136 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05180136</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fetal brain development: what next?","authors":"Sjurdur F Olsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effects of chicory inulin-type fructans supplementation on weight management outcomes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials” [Am J Clin Nutr, 120 (2024), 1245–1258]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 368-370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary species richness: first steps toward understanding its relationship with health","authors":"Lorraine Brennan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}