American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Eating while distracted: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of distraction on concurrent and later intake in adults.","authors":"Thomas Gough, Traci Mann, Khaleda Ahmadyar, Isla Finlay, Andrew Jones, Katy Tapper, Eric Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating while distracted [e.g., television (TV) watching, phone use] is believed to increase food intake. A previous small meta-analysis of experimental studies (published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition) supported this. Many studies have since been published, which call for an updated analysis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of distraction on concurrent and later intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible articles (searching up to December 2024) were identified from: a previously conducted meta-analysis which included studies up until 2012; database searches from 2012 to 2024 (PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed); and both forward and backward citation searching. We followed PRISMA guidelines and conducted generic variance inverse meta-analyses with intake as the outcome variable for both concurrent and later intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 eligible studies were included (40 measuring concurrent intake, 10 measuring later intake). Random effects meta-analyses revealed that the overall effect of distraction on concurrent intake was nonsignificant [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.123, 95% confidence interval (CI): <-0.01, 0.25; P = 0.051]. Moderator analyses revealed that type of distractor moderated the effect of distraction on eating, with passive distractor tasks (e.g., TV watching) resulting in greater food intake when distracted [SMD = 0.272 (95% CI: 0.128, 0.417)], whereas physically demanding distractors [SMD = -0.139 (95% CI: -0.334, 0.057)] and cognitively demanding distractors [SMD = 0.202 (95% CI: -0.028, 0.432)] did not. The effect of distraction on later intake was statistically significant, such that eating while distracted led to greater intake at a subsequent eating episode [SMD = 0.419 (95% CI: 0.195, 0.642)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distracted eating increases later intake; however, the effect of distracted eating on concurrent intake is less consistent, and only relatively passive distractors may increase energy intake. Collectively, these findings highlight the impact of distracted eating on food intake as a potential contributor to overeating. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024518245.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying temporal eating patterns: a comparison of latent class analysis and dynamic time warping-based cluster analysis.","authors":"Beshada R Jima, Rebecca M Leech, David W Dunstan, Abbas Z Kouzani, Sarah A McNaughton","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporal eating patterns (TEPs) are associated with diet quality and obesity, although inconsistencies exist because of variations in methods and input variables. Direct comparisons of analytical approaches for deriving TEPs are rare.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare latent class analysis (LCA) and modified dynamic time warping (MDTW)-based cluster analysis for deriving TEPs and examine their associations with diet quality and obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 672 adults (18-65 y) in Victoria, Australia, from the \"EveryDayLife\" survey (2017-2020). Participants completed a 1- to 7-d food diary via the \"FoodNow\" app. LCA used hourly presence/absence of eating occasions (EOs), whereas MDTW-based clustering used hourly energy intake (EI) input variables. Methods were compared using patterns visualization, membership overlap, kappa statistics, adjusted R², and AUC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both methods identified 3 distinct TEPs. Class 1/Cluster 1 had peaks during 07:00-09:00, 12:00, and 18:00-19:00 h (\"conventional\" pattern). Class 2/Cluster 2 had later peaks in EOs or EI (after 13:00 h). Class 3/Cluster 3 showed modest, evenly spaced EOs or EI concentrated earlier in the day. Membership overlap between similar TEPs was 56.2%-73.1%, with fair agreement (κ = 0.38, P < 0.001). Class 1/Cluster 1 showed higher diet quality than Class 2/Cluster 2, respectively, whereas no significant associations were observed with BMI. LCA explained slightly more variance in diet quality (6% compared with 4%) compared with MDTW-based clustering, with a similar proportion observed for BMI (∼13%). The AUCs for discriminating high diet quality (LCA: 0.635 compared with MDTW: 0.616; P = 0.565) and obesity (LCA: 0.758 compared with MDTW: 0.756; P = 0.934) were not significantly different between the 2 methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LCA and MDTW-based clustering identified comparable, but noninterchangeable TEPs. LCA may suit diet quality research, whereas MDTW-based clustering may suit multidimensional dietary/health data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between extreme temperature events and daily step counts by weight status and modifying effects of sociodemographic factors: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Ziqiang Lin, Yang Li, Yingying Shi, Jiawei Li, Zhehao Wang, Jing Xu, Wayne R Lawrence, Shirui Chen, Wangjian Zhang, Jianxiong Hu, Guanhao He, Tao Liu, Ming Zhang, Wenjun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the health risks of increasing extreme weather events such as heatwaves and cold spells are well recognized, there remains a research gap on how these events specifically affect physical activity, particularly among individuals with different weight status. In addition, limited attention has been given to how sociodemographic factors might interact with extreme weather to influence physical activity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between extreme weather events and daily step counts by body weight and to investigate whether these associations are modified by other sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this, we conducted a longitudinal panel study in Henan Province, China, and applied distributed lag nonlinear models to examine how daily step counts were influenced by extreme weather events-including heatwaves and cold spells-and their intensity and duration. We also explored whether sociodemographic factors modified these effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that extreme weather events significantly reduced step counts. Specifically, heatwaves were associated with a substantial decline in individuals with overweight [-959.68 steps; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1198.13, -721.22], which was significantly larger than the reduction observed in participants with normal weight (-331.16 steps; 95% CI: -625.50, -36.83). Conversely, cold spells were associated with a disproportionately larger reduction in step counts among participants with normal weight (-1832.46 steps; 95% CI: -2136.15, -1528.76), compared with a milder reduction in the overweight group (-1067.66 steps; 95% CI: -1317.40, -817.91). Interaction analysis revealed that high income consistently attenuated these disparities (P-interaction < 0.05). Although age and sex also modified these associations, body weight emerged as a primary factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that individuals with low income or high body mass index (BMI) are associated with heightened vulnerability to heatwaves, whereas individuals with low income or normal BMI are linked to greater sensitivity during cold spells.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intention-to-treat estimates of prenatal Ramadan exposure on child height-for-age in the demographic and health surveys.","authors":"Theresa T Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior research on the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect of prenatal Ramadan exposure on child growth has yielded conflicting results: most studies found reduced height for age, whereas others produced null or counterintuitively positive effects. These inconsistencies may stem from seasonality confounding, improper control group choices, short-timespan data collection, and violations of the parallel-trend assumption.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study reconciled conflicting results using over 1.25 million height-for-age measurements from 145 demographic and health surveys (DHSs) across 44 countries (1990-2021).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A difference-in-difference ITT analysis was conducted using DHS data. Ramadan exposure measures the proportion of Ramadan overlapping with the child's time in utero, regardless of whether the mother fasted, avoiding bias from selective fasting behavior. Furthermore, the analysis was controlled for growth faltering and cohort fixed effects and restricted the analysis to a sample of multifaith regions since over 50% of DHS observations come from religiously homogeneous regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Counterintuitive findings were replicated in the full sample (n = 1,277,535). In the 10%-90% Muslim multifaith sample (n = 583,790), prenatal Ramadan exposure had no significant effect at ages 0 or 1. Negative effects emerged from age 2 onward: the total effect on Muslim children relative to nonexposed Muslim children was -0.08 z-score points at age 2 (P = 0.098), -0.12 at age 3 (P = 0.011), and -0.16 at age 4 (P < 0.001). The differential effect relative to non-Muslim children at age 4 was -0.13 z-score points (P = 0.020). Results were similar in the 15%-85% sample (n = 436,905; -0.14 z-score points at age 4; P = 0.009), with no spurious effects on the non-Muslim control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restricting samples to multifaith regions and accounting for growth faltering resolves conflicting findings, yielding a robust negative effect of 0.14-0.16 z-score points by age 4. Further research is needed to disentangle the specific pathways, including fasting, dietary changes, hydration, and sleep disruption, through which Ramadan exposure affects fetal development, in order to inform targeted public health guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Nutritional priorities to support GLP-1 therapy for obesity: a joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society [Am J Clin Nutr 2025; 122: 344-367].","authors":"Dariush Mozaffarian, Monica Agarwal, Monica Aggarwal, Lydia Alexander, Caroline M Apovian, Shagun Bindlish, Jonathan Bonnet, W Scott Butsch, Sandra Christensen, Eugenia Gianos, Mahima Gulati, Alka Gupta, Debbie Horn, Ryan M Kane, Jasdeep Saluja, Deepa Sanndhi, Fatima Cody Stanford, Emily A Callahan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"101303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birthplace and nutrient intake across ethnic subgroups: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES","authors":"Emma V Sanchez-Vaznaugh ,&nbsp;Mika Matsuzaki ,&nbsp;Maria Elena Acosta ,&nbsp;Nancy Barba ,&nbsp;Brisa N Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prior research found birthplace differences in dietary intake among Hispanic and Black populations. Research is needed to compare food and nutrient intake between immigrants and natives of United States using a wider range of ethnic subpopulations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the association between birthplace and nutrient intake among 4 ethnic population subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from adult respondents in the NHANES waves 2007–2008 through 2017–2018, linked with the Food Pattern Equivalents Database and linear regression models estimated birthplace differences [immigrants compared with United States-born (reference)] in the consumption of added sugars, total and saturated fat, sodium, whole grains, and fiber. Models were stratified by ethnicity: Hispanic, non-Hispanic (NH)-Asian, NH-Black, and NH-White.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analyses included 6185 Hispanic; 12,067 NH-White; 5932 NH-Black and 2051 NH-Asian adults. Within each ethnic group, strong evidence showed immigrants exhibited lower intake of added sugars (coefficients ranged from –2.97 to –7.51 depending on the ethnic group, all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), total fats (range: –7.18 to –21.21), and saturated fats (range: –2.53 to –6.91) than their United States-born coethnics after controlling for covariates. Hispanic (4.0), NH-Asian (2.21), NH-Black (3.61), and NH-White (2.56) immigrants reported higher fiber intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas only NH-Black (0.57) and NH-White immigrants (0.21) showed higher whole grain consumption than their United States-born coethnics, after covariate adjustments. Hispanic (–142.1) and NH-Black immigrants (–76.9) reported lower sodium intake compared with their United States-born coethnics (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Across the 4 ethnic populations, immigrants generally exhibited better intake of the nutrient examined relative to United States-born coethnics, suggesting a protective immigrant effect. Research to understand reasons for these differences is warranted. Furthermore, future nutrition interventions may require tailored approaches to help maintain healthy nutrient profiles among immigrants, while reducing intake of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars and increasing fiber and whole grain intake among all populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 4","pages":"Article 101181"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating saturated fats and chronic kidney disease: A more nuanced picture","authors":"Russell J de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 4","pages":"Article 101215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Knowledge and Care: A Summer in Clinical Nutrition","authors":"Sarah Bedor ,&nbsp;Gwen Twillman ,&nbsp;Diane Tuncer ,&nbsp;Michael Owen-Michaane","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 4","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal healthy lifestyle and preterm birth among married Chinese couples planning to conceive: a population-based cohort study","authors":"Wenxue Xiong ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Chaonan Fan ,&nbsp;Senke Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Han ,&nbsp;Li Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Females with healthy lifestyles have a lower risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, the association between paternal healthy lifestyle and PTB risk is not well investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the association between an overall paternal healthy lifestyle and risk of PTB in their offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The population-based, retrospective cohort included 810,475 couples who participated in the National Free Preconception Checkups Project in Guangdong Province, China, and successfully had a singleton livebirth between 1 January, 2014 and 1 November 1, 2019. A combination of paternal healthy lifestyle was measured: no smoking, no drinking, and healthy body mass index (18.5–23.9 kg/m²). Associations between healthy lifestyle factors and PTB risk were estimated by modified Poisson regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After accounting for key maternal risk factors such as maternal age, parity, and maternal healthy lifestyle, risk ratios of infants experiencing PTB for couples where the male partner had a healthy lifestyle score of 1, 2, and 3 compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0 were 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90, 0.99), 0.94 (0.90, 0.98), and 0.90 (0.86, 0.94), respectively (<em>P</em>_trend &lt; 0.001). However, the association between paternal healthy lifestyle and PTB was only statistically significant among the subset of males evaluated for lifestyle factors &gt;90 d before pregnancy. When shifting these 3 paternal unfavorable lifestyle factors, population attributable risk estimation suggests that 2.37% (1.90%, 4.65%) of PTB cases might be prevented. We did not find statistically significant additive interaction of paternal and maternal healthy lifestyles on risk of PTB (relative excess risk due to interaction: −0.04; −0.09, 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Paternal healthy lifestyle was independently associated with a lower risk of PTB in their offspring. These findings highlight the importance of including lifestyle modifications among males to improve pregnancy outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 4","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating rate has sustained effects on energy intake from ultraprocessed diets: a 2-week ad libitum dietary randomized controlled crossover trial","authors":"Ciarán G Forde,&nbsp;Lise AJ Heuven,&nbsp;Marieke van Bruinessen,&nbsp;Zhen Liu,&nbsp;Markus Stieger,&nbsp;Kees de Graaf,&nbsp;Marlou P Lasschuijt","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous research has shown that diets dominated by ultraprocessed foods (UPF) are associated with higher dietary energy intakes. This association may be attributable in part to meal texture and associated eating rate (ER). Experimental studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective was to compare daily energy intake (kcal/d) from diets with different meal texture-derived ER (g/min) (UPF Slow-ER compared to UPF Fast-ER) across a 14-day period. Two UPF diets comprised of foods selected to have textures known to lead to a slower or faster ER.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-one participants [<em>n =</em> 21 male, mean (± standard deviation) age 27 ± 5; weight 70 ± 10 kg; body mass index 23.4 ± 1.9] completed a single-blind, block-randomized crossover study including 2 14-day diets; UPF Slow-ER and UPF Fast-ER, with a 2-wk washout. Diets were served ad libitum and matched for palatability, portion size served, total energy served, non-beverage energy density, and meal variety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Daily energy intake was 369 kcal/d (95% confidence interval: 221, 517) lower on the UPF Slow-ER diet compared with the UPF Fast-ER diet [main effect; F (1, 1051) = 23.98, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001]. The effect on energy intake was consistent across participants and the number of days on the diet [diet∗time: F (13, 1051) = 0.96, <em>P</em> = 0.486], and was not attributable to meal liking or macronutrient intake (all, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). There was no change in body weight pre-diets to post-diets, and no differences in body weight between the 2 diets. Body fat mass decreased on the UPF Slow-ER diet by 0.43 kg [main effect; F (1, 119) = 14.68, <em>P</em> = 0.0002].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Food texture-derived ER has a significant and sustained effect on energy intake of ultraprocessed diets over a 2-wk period. This finding highlights the importance of food texture in guiding ER and the central role of sensory cues in regulating meal size.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT06113146.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"123 4","pages":"Article 101122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}