American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study","authors":"Pardeep Pabla ,&nbsp;Joanne Mallinson ,&nbsp;Aline Nixon ,&nbsp;Mia Keeton ,&nbsp;Scott Cooper ,&nbsp;Melanie Marshall ,&nbsp;Matthew Jacques ,&nbsp;Sara Brown ,&nbsp;Odd Erik Johansen ,&nbsp;Bernard Cuenoud ,&nbsp;Leonidas G Karagounis ,&nbsp;Kostas Tsintzas","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Small nutritional preloads can reduce postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, most studies have focused on preloads administered before single meals and have predominantly used protein-based preloads.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the effects of sequential consumption of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey protein isolate (WPI) preloads before breakfast, lunch, and dinner on postprandial, diurnal, and 24-h glycaemia in individuals with T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with T2D were studied over 3 randomized 24-h periods. They consumed either water before standardized breakfast, lunch, and dinner (CONTROL), 15 g MCT before breakfast and water before lunch and dinner (MCT), or 15 g MCT before breakfast and 10 g WPI before lunch and dinner (MCT + WPI). Diurnal (08:00–23:00 h) and 24 h (08:00–08:00 h) glycaemia (incremental AUC [iAUC]) and glycaemic variability (%coefficient of variation [%CV]) were evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring. Postprandial glycaemia (PPG) after breakfast and lunch was assessed by arterialized blood glucose iAUC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 21 enrolled patients (8 males/13 females, mean ± standard deviation age 55.1 ± 8.5 y, body mass index 31.7 ± 4.3 kg·m⁻², glycated hemoglobin 59 ± 12 mmol·mol⁻¹) diurnal and 24-h iAUC were similar across interventions, whereas 24-h %CV was lower in MCT (16.8 ± 0.8%, <em>P =</em> 0.033) and MCT + WPI (16.1 ± 0.9%, <em>P =</em> 0.0004) than CONTROL (18.7 ± 0.9%). PPG iAUC was ∼17% lower after breakfast in MCT and MCT + WPI compared with CONTROL, but only the MCT + WPI lowered glucose by 20% (<em>P =</em> 0.002) over the entire day (08:30–17:30 h). Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) (<em>P =</em> 0.00004), peptide YY (PYY) (<em>P =</em> 0.01), and β-hydroxybutyrate (<em>P =</em> 0.0001) were higher in MCT and MCT + WPI than CONTROL. Subjective appetite ratings were lower after breakfast and lunch in MCT + WPI (<em>P =</em> 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sequential consumption of MCT and WPI preloads did not affect diurnal or 24-h glycaemia but lowered PPG and 24-h glycaemic variability in individuals with T2D. These effects were associated with increased circulating β-hydroxybutyrate, PYY, and GIP, and suppression of appetite.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04905589 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04905589</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 232-245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of early childhood exposure to severe acute malnutrition and recovery with cardiometabolic risk markers in later childhood: 5-year prospective matched cohort study in Ethiopia","authors":"Getu Gizaw ,&nbsp;Jonathan CK Wells ,&nbsp;Alemayehu Argaw ,&nbsp;Mette Frahm Olsen ,&nbsp;Alemseged Abdissa ,&nbsp;Yaregal Asres ,&nbsp;Feyissa Challa ,&nbsp;Melkamu Berhane ,&nbsp;Mubarek Abera ,&nbsp;Kate Sadler ,&nbsp;Erin Boyd ,&nbsp;Henrik Friis ,&nbsp;Tsinuel Girma ,&nbsp;Rasmus Wibaek","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Impaired fetal and accelerated postnatal growth are associated with cardiometabolic disease. Few studies investigated how recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with childhood cardiometabolic risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated cardiometabolic risk in children with SAM treated through community-based management, relative to controls, 5-y postrecovery. Recognizing the heterogeneity of SAM case definitions and patterns of nutritional recovery, we also identified distinct body mass index-for-age <em>z</em>-score (BAZ) trajectories of children with SAM in the first year postrecovery and examined their associations with anthropometry, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers, relative to controls, 5-y postrecovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study in 2013 enrolled children aged 6–59 mo, recovered from SAM (<em>n</em> = 203), or nonwasted controls (<em>n</em> = 202), in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Anthropometry, body composition, and cardiometabolic markers were assessed 5 y postrecovery. Multiple linear regression models compared outcomes between SAM-recovered children and controls. We used latent class trajectory modeling to identify BAZ trajectories in the first year postrecovery and compared these trajectory groups with controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We traced 291 (71.9%) children (mean age 6.2 y) at 5-y follow-up. Overall, compared with controls, SAM-recovered children did not differ in cardiometabolic risk. We identified 4 BAZ trajectories among SAM-recovered children: “increase” (74.6%), “decrease” (11.0%), “decrease–increase” (5.0%), and “increase–decrease” (9.4%). Compared with controls, all BAZ trajectories except “decrease–increase” had lower weight, height, and fat-free mass index. Compared with controls, the “decrease–increase” trajectory had lower glucose [–15.8 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): –31.2, –0.4], whereas the “increase–decrease” trajectory had higher glucose (8.1 mg/dL; 95% CI: –0.8, 16.9). Compared with controls, the “decrease–increase” and “decrease” trajectories had higher total cholesterol (24.3 mg/dL; 95% CI: –9.4, 58.4) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.4 mg/dL; 95% CI: –3.8, 24.7), respectively. The “increase” trajectory had the lowest cardiometabolic risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both rapid BAZ increase and decrease during early postrecovery from SAM were associated with greater cardiometabolic risk 5 y later. The findings indicate the need to target postrecovery interventions to optimize healthy weight recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a 24-month behavioral intervention focused on sugary beverage reduction for Latino mother-infant dyads: evidence from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Christopher J Machle ,&nbsp;Paige K Berger ,&nbsp;Sarah-Jeanne Salvy ,&nbsp;Claudia Rios ,&nbsp;Ramon Durazo-Arvizu ,&nbsp;Michael I Goran","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood obesity disproportionately impacts marginalized and under-resourced communities, particularly Latinos. Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and juices (SSBJs) in infancy is linked to increased obesity, few early-life interventions have targeted SSBJ reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the efficacy of a culturally tailored home intervention for reducing SSBJ intake and obesity risk in Latino mothers and infants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mother-infant dyads (<em>N</em> = 210) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions for 2 years: <em>1</em>) general health education (Control); <em>2</em>) SSBJ intake reduction education (Intervention); <em>3</em>) intervention plus home water delivery (Intervention + Water Delivery). Trained interventionists delivered education sessions 2 days/month during year 1 and 1 day/month during year 2. Mixed-effects models were used to examine changes in sugar consumption and weight-related outcomes over time by group for mothers and infants separately.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean prepregnancy BMI for mothers was 28.1 ± 5.6 kg/m². Mothers receiving Intervention + Water Delivery demonstrated significantly greater reductions in consumption of free sugars from beverages from baseline to 12 months compared to the other 2 groups, where free sugars are total sugars except lactose (B: –7.98 g; 95% CI: (–13.96 g, –2.00 g), <em>P</em> = 0.009, <em>P</em>_<em>FDR</em> <em>=</em> 0.036). However, this effect was not apparent in year 2. Group differences for infant sugar consumption followed a similar pattern but were smaller and nonsignificant. Weight-related outcomes were not significantly associated with treatment group for mothers or infants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This intervention, combined with home delivery of bottled water, was effective in reducing sugar consumption from beverages for Latina mothers by roughly 8 g/day in the first year after childbirth. However, this effect was not maintained and was not significant for infants. More comprehensive and sustained strategies are likely needed to maintain efficacy and improve outcomes related to weight or body composition, particularly for infants.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03141346.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A broader perspective on nutrition research: the rationale for integrating the entire continuum of human nutrition","authors":"Andrew A Bremer ,&nbsp;Shannon N Zenk ,&nbsp;Stefan M Pasiakos ,&nbsp;Helene M Langevin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 203-206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of body composition at birth and accretion from 0 to 5 years with kidney function and volume at the 10-year follow-up: the Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort","authors":"Beakal Zinab ,&nbsp;Rahma Ali ,&nbsp;Bikila S Megersa ,&nbsp;Tefera Belachew ,&nbsp;Elias Kedir ,&nbsp;Tsinuel Girma ,&nbsp;Bitiya Admasu ,&nbsp;Henrik Friis ,&nbsp;Mubarek Abera ,&nbsp;Suzanne Filteau ,&nbsp;Dorothea Nitsch ,&nbsp;Jonathan CK Wells ,&nbsp;Rasmus Wibaek ,&nbsp;Daniel Yilma","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in early life are associated with later obesity and cardiometabolic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the associations of FM and FFM at birth and conditional FM and FFM accretion from 0 to 5 y with kidney outcomes at the 10-y follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Ethiopian Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort included term infants born in Jimma town, with a birth weight ≥1500 g, and having no congenital malformations. Air-displacement plethysmography was used to measure body composition. Serum cystatin C was determined and kidney dimensions were assessed by ultrasound when children were aged ∼10 y. Conditional growth modeling was used to compute FM and FFM accretion between different time points over 0–5 y. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine associations of birth FM and FFM and conditional FM and FFM accretion in selected age periods with serum cystatin C and total kidney volume at the 10-y follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 350 children were followed up at a mean age of 9.8 (±1.0) y. A 1 standard deviation (SD) higher conditional FFM accretion from 3 to 6 mo was associated with 7.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9%, 13.0%) lower serum cystatin C but higher conditional FFM accretion 48–60 mo was associated with 5.3% (95% CI: 1.9%, 9.0%) higher serum cystatin C. A 1 SD higher conditional FM accretion in the periods 6–48 mo and 48–60 mo was associated with <em>β</em> = 7.7 (95% CI: 4.8, 10.7) and <em>β</em> = 6.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 11.1) cm³ greater kidney volume, respectively. A 1 SD higher birth FFM and FFM accretion in the periods 3–6 mo, 6–48 mo, and 48–60 mo was associated with <em>β</em> = 4.7 (95% CI: 2.1, 7.2), 14.1 (95% CI: 6.3, 22.0), 4.2 (95% CI: 0.9, 7.4), and 7.1 (95% CI: 2.5, 11.7) cm³ greater kidney volume, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher conditional FFM gain in age from 3 to 6 mo results in better kidney function at the 10-y follow-up, whereas a higher conditional FFM gain in age from 4 to 5 y results in a lower kidney function. Kidney volume at the 10-y follow-up is associated with higher birth FFM and higher conditional FM or FFM growth in most growth periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal vitamin D status, fetal growth patterns, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multisite prospective pregnancy cohort","authors":"Celeste Beck ,&nbsp;Nathan R Blue ,&nbsp;Robert M Silver ,&nbsp;Muzi Na ,&nbsp;William A Grobman ,&nbsp;Jonathan Steller ,&nbsp;Samuel Parry ,&nbsp;Christina Scifres ,&nbsp;Alison D Gernand","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have examined maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth patterns across gestation. Furthermore, time points in pregnancy at which maternal vitamin D status is most critical for optimal fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes are uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to examine whether first and second trimester maternal vitamin D status are associated with fetal growth patterns and pregnancy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis using data and samples from a multisite prospective cohort study of nulliparous pregnant females in the United States. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for 351 participants at 6–13 and 16–21 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth was measured by ultrasound at 16–21 and 22–29 weeks of gestation, and neonatal anthropometric measures at birth. We constructed fetal growth curves using length, weight, and head circumference <em>z</em>-scores, and calculated risk of preterm birth (&lt;37 wk) and small for gestational age (SGA). We examined outcomes across 25(OH)D concentrations assessed continuously, using Institute of Medicine (IOM) cutoffs (&lt;50 compared with ≥50 nmol/L), and using exploratory cutoffs (&lt;40, 40–59.9, 60–79.9, ≥80 nmol/L).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D &lt;50 nmol/L) was prevalent in 20% of participants in the first trimester. Each 10 nmol/L increase in first trimester 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.10] increase in length-for-age <em>z</em>-score but was not associated with weight or head circumference. There were no differences in risk of preterm birth or SGA using IOM cutoffs; participants with first trimester 25(OH)D &lt;40 compared with ≥80 nmol/L had 4.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 16.55) times risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D was not associated with fetal growth patterns or with pregnancy outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>First trimester 25(OH)D is positively associated with linear growth. Low first trimester 25(OH)D (&lt;40 nmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D is not associated with fetal growth or pregnancy outcomes assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing diversity in the nutrition, obesity, and diabetes biomedical workforce: the BRIDGES consortium","authors":"Robert L Newton Jr. ,&nbsp;Peter T Katzmarzyk ,&nbsp;O. Kenrik Duru ,&nbsp;Anna Lee ,&nbsp;Ashley Irwin ,&nbsp;Carol M Mangione ,&nbsp;Natalia E Morone ,&nbsp;Elimelda Moige Ongeri ,&nbsp;Saame Raza Shaikh ,&nbsp;Fatima Cody Stanford ,&nbsp;Takara L Stanley ,&nbsp;Kimberly Parker Truesdale","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientists from diverse backgrounds are underrepresented (UR) in academia. This lack of diversity impedes scientific discovery and innovation. UR scientists tend to conduct research on issues relevant to UR populations, including chronic disease prevention and management, and health disparities. Difficulty in attaining grant funding is a major barrier preventing UR scientists from remaining in academia. Programs designed to provide UR scientists with career development training can help increase the number of UR scientists who obtain grant funding. These programs have shown some level of success, yet none have been specifically designed to target scientists conducting research pertaining to the interests of the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disorders (NIDDK). Here, the Bringing Resources to Increase Diversity, Growth, Equity, and Scholarship for Obesity, Nutrition, and Diabetes Research (BRIDGES) consortium is described. BRIDGES is the first program to be funded by the NIDDK designed to increase the success rate of UR scientists competing for and obtaining funding related to nutrition, obesity, and diabetes. Four programs across the country, located in California, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Louisiana, were funded in 2022. By design, some programmatic elements are shared across each of the funded programs, including mentoring and a pilot and feasibility funding program. Some elements are specific to each program. The BRIDGES program is expected to impact a substantial number of UR scientists who are then likely to have an influence on nutrition, obesity, diabetes, and health disparities research, shaping NIH priorities, and future scientists conducting NIDDK-related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 265-273"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize consumption and circulating aflatoxin levels in Mexican middle- and older-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Obed Solís-Martínez ,&nbsp;Adriana Monge ,&nbsp;John D Groopman ,&nbsp;Katherine A McGlynn ,&nbsp;Martín Romero-Martínez ,&nbsp;Natalia Palacios-Rojas ,&nbsp;Carolina Batis ,&nbsp;Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa ,&nbsp;Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Martín Lajous","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maize is frequently contaminated by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), an established liver carcinogen.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of maize and maize tortilla consumption on AFB₁-lysine adduct (AFB₁-lys) concentrations in middle- and older-aged adults living in south and eastern Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a representative sample of 915 adults aged ≥40 y living in south and eastern Mexico in 2018–2019. Maize and maize tortilla intake were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Intake of maize tortillas made from store-purchased <em>masa</em> or bought in a <em>tortilleria</em>, from homemade <em>masa</em>, and from store-bought maize flour was assessed. AFB₁-lys in serum was quantified using state-of-the-art isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We assessed the relationship between maize and maize tortilla consumption and AFB₁-lys by fitting linear regression models that accounted for the complex survey design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median maize intake was 307 g/d [quartile 1 (Q1)–quartile 3 (Q3) = 165, 554]. Maize tortillas represented 77% of total maize consumption, with a median consumption of 252 g/d (Q1–Q2 = 120, 462). After multivariable adjustment, for every 30 g of maize consumed (1 tortilla equivalent), circulating AFB₁-lys incremented by 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9%, 3.4%]. For every maize tortilla consumed, the concentration of circulating AFB1-lys was 2.0% (95% CI: 0.6%, 3.4%) higher. The corresponding estimate for homemade <em>masa</em> tortilla was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.1%, 4.6%). The magnitude of the estimates for tortillas made from store-purchased <em>masa</em> or bought in a <em>tortilleria</em> and those made from store-bought maize flour was minimal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maize and maize tortilla intake was associated with AFB1-lys concentrations. This association appears to be driven by the consumption of tortillas made from homemade <em>masa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 454-462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron regulatory hormones and their associations with iron status biomarkers among healthy adults of East Asian or Northern European ancestry: A cross-sectional comparison from the Iron Genes in East Asian and Northern European Adults Study (FeGenes)","authors":"Alexa Barad ,&nbsp;Yaqin Xu ,&nbsp;Erica Bender ,&nbsp;Eva K Pressman ,&nbsp;Zhenglong Gu ,&nbsp;Kimberly O O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals of East Asian (EA) ancestry have greater risk of elevated iron (Fe) stores compared with individuals of Northern European (NE) ancestry, but no studies have assessed differences in Fe regulatory hormones between these populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate hepcidin, erythropoietin, and erythroferrone as a function of ancestry and examine their associations with Fe status markers in United States adults of genetically confirmed EA or NE ancestry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants in this cross-sectional study were healthy EA (<em>n</em> = 251) or NE (<em>n</em> = 253) males and premenopausal, nonpregnant females, aged 18–50 y, and without obesity. Serum hepcidin, erythropoietin, and erythroferrone concentrations were measured using ELISAs. Fe status [serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor, total body iron, and transferrin], hematologic (complete blood count), and inflammatory (C-reactive protein and IL-6) markers were measured. Results are shown as the geometric mean (95% CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hepcidin (ng/mL) was significantly higher in EA (43.9; 95% CI: 39.6, 48.7) compared with NE (31.3; 95% CI: 28.4, 34.5) males (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but did not differ between EA (21.8; 95% CI: 19.4, 24.6) and NE (21.3; 95% CI: 19.0, 23.8) females (<em>P</em> = 0.66). Interestingly, the hepcidin:SF ratio was lower in EA males (0.26; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.28) and females (0.51; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.57) compared with NE males (0.37; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.40; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and females (0.65; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.73; <em>P</em> = 0.01), respectively. These differences remained significant after adjustment for C-reactive protein (males: <em>P-</em>adjusted &lt; 0.001; females: <em>P-</em>adjusted = 0.008) or IL-6 (males: <em>P-</em>adjusted &lt; 0.001; females: <em>P-</em>adjusted = 0.006). Erythropoietin did not differ between ancestry groups in males (<em>P</em> = 0.11) or females (<em>P</em> = 0.96). Lastly, erythroferrone (ng/mL) was higher in EA (1.3; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9) compared with NE (0.6; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9; <em>P</em> = 0.009) males but did not differ between females (EA: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.1; NE: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.7; <em>P</em> = 0.11).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A lower hepcidin:SF ratio in EA compared with NE participants suggests that among EAs, hepcidin concentrations are lower relative to the load of Fe present. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed differences.</div><div>This study was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT04198545.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 406-416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to DJ Millward","authors":"Kerri Scherbinsky ,&nbsp;Ronald O Ball ,&nbsp;Paul B Pencharz ,&nbsp;Glenda Courtney-Martin ,&nbsp;Rajavel Elango","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 500-501"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}