American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to EAT-Lancet diet, biological aging, and life expectancy in the UK Biobank: a cohort study","authors":"Yang-Wei Cai ,&nbsp;Jing-Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Mao-Xiong Wu ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiu Xie ,&nbsp;Si You ,&nbsp;Guang-Hong Liao ,&nbsp;Zhi-Teng Chen ,&nbsp;Pin-Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Jing-Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Yang-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The EAT-Lancet diet was proposed to nurture human health and support environmental sustainability. However, the interactions between EAT-Lancet diet, biological aging, and life expectancy have not been explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the associations of adherence to EAT-Lancet diet pattern with biological aging and life expectancy, as well as the potential modifying effect of genetic susceptibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the UK Biobank cohort study were analyzed. The EAT-Lancet diet index was calculated using 24-h dietary recall data to assess adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed to evaluate genetic risk of biological aging. Multivariable linear regression and flexible parametric survival models were used to investigate the association of EAT-Lancet diet index with biological aging acceleration and with residual life expectancy, respectively. Mediation analysis was used to identify potential mediators.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 141,562 included participants (56.02 ± 7.94 y; 45.12% male), those with higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet were significantly associated with a slower pace of biological aging [for Stubbendorff EAT-Lancet diet index: KDM-BA acceleration: −1.37 y, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.51, −1.24; PhenoAge acceleration: −0.93 y, 95% CI: −1.00, −0.86; comparing extreme quartiles, both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001]. At age 45, participants with the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet also gained 1.13 y of life expectancy than those with the lowest adherence. Similar patterns were observed when we used the Knuppel EAT-Lancet diet index. Adiposity indices, particularly waist-to-height ratio, mediated 29.31%−35.40% of this association. No significant interaction was found between EAT-Lancet diet and genetic risks. The protective effects remained robust in a series of sensitivity analyses and across different subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is linked to delayed biological aging and increased life expectancy, regardless of genetic predisposition. This suggests that promoting this sustainable dietary pattern could serve as a practical nutritional strategy for enhancing healthy longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary preservatives alter the gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo with sex-specific consequences for host metabolic development in a mouse model","authors":"Laura D Schell,&nbsp;Katia S Chadaideh,&nbsp;Cary R Allen-Blevins,&nbsp;Emily M Venable,&nbsp;Rachel N Carmody","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antibiotics in early life can promote adiposity via interactions with the gut microbiota, but they represent only one possible route of antimicrobial exposure. Dietary preservatives exhibit antimicrobial activity, contain chemical structures accessible to microbial enzymes, and may therefore similarly disrupt microbial contributions to metabolic development.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Here, we test the hypothesis that preservatives alter the gut microbiota with consequences for host metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We screened common dietary preservatives for in vitro and ex vivo activity against a panel of gut bacteria and whole fecal microbial communities, profiling outcomes via optical density measurements and 16S rDNA sequencing. We then exposed adult mice to diet-relevant doses of 4 preservatives [acetic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium sulfite] or ampicillin (positive control) for 7 d<em>.</em> Finally, we examined the effects of early-life EDTA and low-dose ampicillin exposure starting in gestation in a mouse model, tracking differences in growth and metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preservatives altered microbial growth and community structure in vitro<em>,</em> ex vivo<em>,</em> and in vivo, but with compound-specific changes in gut microbiota composition distinct from those of ampicillin. Long-term EDTA exposure from gestation reduced calorie absorption and cecal acetate, resulting in 32% lower gains in body fat in females for a given food intake (±12% standard error, linear mixed effects model). Females exposed to ampicillin exhibited a similar 42% (±11%) reduction in food-adjusted gains in adiposity, along with larger brains and smaller livers. By contrast, among males, EDTA had no detectable metabolic impacts whereas ampicillin exposure increased food-adjusted gain in body fat by 108% (±12%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results highlight the potential for everyday doses of common preservatives to affect the gut microbiota and impact metabolism differently in males and females. Thus, despite their generally regarded as safe designation, preservatives could have unintended consequences for consumer health via their impact on the gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 221-234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance training increases myofibrillar protein synthesis in middle-to-older aged adults consuming a typical diet with no influence of protein source: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Marie Korzepa ,&nbsp;Jonathan I Quinlan ,&nbsp;Ryan N Marshall ,&nbsp;Lucy M Rogers ,&nbsp;Archie E Belfield ,&nbsp;Yasir S Elhassan ,&nbsp;Alex Lawson ,&nbsp;Chloe Ayre ,&nbsp;Joan M Senden ,&nbsp;Joy PB Goessens ,&nbsp;Elisa I Glover ,&nbsp;Gareth A Wallis ,&nbsp;Luc JC van Loon ,&nbsp;Leigh Breen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The primary protein source of a diet may impact skeletal muscle maintenance with advancing age. The impact of the animal and plant protein contents of a typical protein-containing diet on muscle anabolism in middle-to-older aged adults is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine muscle adaptive remodeling response to a 10-d dietary intervention containing divergent protein sources, with and without resistance exercise training (RET) in middle-to-older aged adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a single-blind randomized controlled trial, 27 50- to 70-y-old participants consumed 1.0 g·kg BM⁻¹·d⁻¹ of protein from an animal-focused whey protein–supplemented diet (AW-D) or plant-focused pea protein–supplemented diet (PP-D). Throughout the 10-d diet intervention, unilateral knee extensor RET was performed every other day. Deuterated water ingestion and skeletal muscle biopsies enabled measurement of daily integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (iMyoPS) rates in the trained and untrained legs. Changes in metabolic rate, body composition, lipid profiles, renal function, whole-body nitrogen balance (WBNB), strength, and muscle architecture were also determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Daily iMyoPS rates were significantly greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in the trained leg compared with the untrained leg for AW-D (1.44 ± 0.26 vs. 1.29 ± 0.27 %⋅d⁻¹) and PP-D (1.50 ± 0.17 vs. 1.34 ± 0.21 %⋅d⁻¹) with no differences between groups, within leg. Training and diet did not affect intracellular anabolic signaling, muscle architecture, strength, metabolic rate, renal function, or WBNB. Serum non–HDL-cholesterol was significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.014) lower following the intervention for PP-D only (pre: 3.89 ± 0.84; post: 3.37 ± 0.78 mmol⋅L) with no other changes in lipid profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 10-d provision of 1.0g·kg BM⁻¹·d⁻¹ from predominantly plant-derived or animal-derived protein does not influence daily iMyoPS rates in middle-to-older aged adults and has little impact on metabolic and renal health parameters. RET enhances rates of daily iMyoPS in middle-to-older aged adults consuming a typical protein-containing diet, with no influence of protein source.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial Registry number</h3><div><span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> NCT05574205 (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05574205</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 122-136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation compared with iron and folic acid supplementation on size at birth and subsequent growth through 24 mo of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Filomena Gomes ,&nbsp;Seth Adu-Afarwuah ,&nbsp;Rina Agustina ,&nbsp;Hasmot Ali ,&nbsp;Amrita Arcot ,&nbsp;Shams Arifeen ,&nbsp;Charles D Arnold ,&nbsp;Robert E Black ,&nbsp;Parul Christian ,&nbsp;Kathryn G Dewey ,&nbsp;Wafaie W Fawzi ,&nbsp;Lotta Hallamaa ,&nbsp;John Hoddinott ,&nbsp;Mihaela C Kissell ,&nbsp;Klaus Kraemer ,&nbsp;Carl Lachat ,&nbsp;Sophie E Moore ,&nbsp;Kenneth Maleta ,&nbsp;Carolina Pereira ,&nbsp;Dominique Roberfroid ,&nbsp;Martin N Mwangi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS), in comparison to iron and folic acid supplementation (IFA), improves pregnancy outcomes, but less is known about their effect on infant growth.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of trials comparing maternal MMS to IFA and assessed the effect on infants’ anthropometric outcomes at birth, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included trials from a Cochrane review and new studies identified through systematic literature searches in 3 databases. We calculated the pooled effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a generic inverse variance method, with fixed (primary analysis) and random-effects, and assessed subgroup differences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 19 included trials showed that MMS, compared to IFA, led to significantly greater length and weight from birth to 6 mo, head circumference (HC) from birth to 12 mo, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) through 3 mo. Infants born to pregnant women consuming MMS were longer at birth (mean difference: 0.05 cm; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08 cm) and had higher length-for-age <em>z</em>-score at birth (0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.12), 3 mo (0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.12), and 6 mo (0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07) of age but not thereafter. MMS resulted in significantly higher weight-for-age <em>z</em>-score and HC-for-age <em>z</em>-score until 6 mo and higher weight-for-length <em>z</em>-score and MUAC-for-age <em>z</em>-score until 3 mo. MMS reduced risk of stunting (risk ratio [RR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.91), underweight (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.90), small HC (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90), and low MUAC (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99) at 3 mo and wasting (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96) at birth. For some outcomes, effects were greater when MMS was continued postpartum and in settings with higher prevalence of low birthweight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prenatal MMS improves size at birth and subsequent infant growth through 6 mo of age but not thereafter. These results strengthen the evidence on MMS benefits beyond birth outcomes.</div><div>This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42024551864.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns, serum metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease in United States Hispanic/Latino adults: a prospective analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)","authors":"Hongbo Yang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ,&nbsp;Christina Cordero ,&nbsp;Robert J Ostfeld ,&nbsp;Claudia Martinez ,&nbsp;Luis Maldonado ,&nbsp;Amber Pirzada ,&nbsp;Martha Daviglus ,&nbsp;Bing Yu ,&nbsp;Frank B Hu ,&nbsp;Robert C Kaplan ,&nbsp;Qibin Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Healthy dietary patterns are recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the relationships among healthy dietary patterns, blood metabolite profile, and incident CVD are not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the associations of healthy dietary patterns and related serum metabolite profiles with incident CVD in United States Hispanic/Latino adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 13,922 participants aged 18–74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Dietary pattern scores, including Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020, healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), were constructed at baseline (2008–2011) based on 2 24-h dietary recalls. The primary outcome was incident CVD, encompassing myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Dietary-pattern-associated metabolites were identified in a subsample of participants free of diabetes at baseline (<em>n</em> = 4096). Associations of dietary pattern scores, individual metabolites, and metabolite scores with incident CVD were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median 9.7-y follow-up period, 260 CVD events occurred among 13,922 participants. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, higher dietary pattern scores were associated with lower risk of CVD [hazard ratios (HRs) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.30, 0.92), 0.50 (0.27, 0.91) and 0.62 (0.36, 1.07) for HEI-2020, hPDI, and aMED, respectively, by comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile]. A total of 60 metabolites were identified to be associated with all 3 dietary pattern scores, including 45 metabolites positively and 15 metabolites negatively associated with dietary pattern scores. A total metabolite score based on these 60 dietary-pattern-associated metabolites was negatively associated with the risk of CVD after multivariable adjustment [HR = 0.57 (0.35, 0.92) by comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Healthier diet patterns and related serum metabolite profiles are associated with a lower risk of CVD in United States Hispanic/Latino adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dietary protein and amino acid requirements: a systematic review","authors":"Kendal M Burstad ,&nbsp;Toyin Lamina ,&nbsp;Amy Erickson ,&nbsp;Esmaeel Gholizadeh ,&nbsp;Hildah Namigga ,&nbsp;Amy M Claussen ,&nbsp;Joanne L Slavin ,&nbsp;Levi Teigen ,&nbsp;Kathleen M Hill Gallant ,&nbsp;Jamie Stang ,&nbsp;Lyn M Steffen ,&nbsp;Tasma Harindhanavudhi ,&nbsp;Anne Kouri ,&nbsp;Sue Duval ,&nbsp;Mary Butler","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protein intakes are set by the dietary reference intakes, which were published in 2005 and have not been updated since.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review assesses the evidence on requirements for average daily dietary protein and individual indispensable amino acid intake for healthy individuals by life stage and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Literature was searched from January 2000 through May 2024 in Medline, EMBASE, AGRICOLA, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text publications using predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted data, assessed risk of bias (RoB), qualitatively synthesized results from low to moderate RoB studies, and evaluated the strength of evidence supporting conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 11,408 studies, of which 68 articles reporting on 66 unique studies were eligible for the review and 45 were assessed as low or moderate RoB. For infants, 6 studies examined requirements for isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. For children/adolescents, 7 studies examined requirements for protein, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and total branched-chain amino acids. For pregnant people, 4 studies examined requirements for protein, lysine, and phenylalanine. For adults 19–50 y, 16 studies examined requirements for protein, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine and for adults 51–&gt;70 y, and 6 studies examined requirements for protein, leucine, and phenylalanine. Both males and females were studied for all requirements except valine for infants (males only), phenylalanine for children/adolescents (not reported), protein, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine for adults 19–50 y (males only) and in pregnant people (females only). Commonly used methods included indicator amino acid oxidation, 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation/indicator amino acid balance, and nitrogen balance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our systematic review of human indispensable amino acid and protein requirement research from January 2000 to May 2024 finds limited studies across the lifecycle, particularly in pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO with CRD42023446618 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=446618</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 285-305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet optimization: modeling iron and zinc absorption by nonlinear programming and piecewise linear approximation using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Dominique van Wonderen, Johanna C Gerdessen, Peter Kirst, Alida Melse-Boonstra","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accuracy of the calculation of absorbable nonheme iron and zinc content in diet-model-generated menu plans can be improved by using nonlinear absorption equations. The resulting diet models cannot be solved with standard linear programming software.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nonlinear programming (NLP) and piecewise linear approximation (PLA) for solving diet models with nonlinear equations for nonheme iron and zinc absorption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-integer and a continuous diet model were developed to optimize absorbable iron and zinc intake, using different absorption equations available from the literature. Model input data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Various diet plans were then generated applying both NLP and PLA techniques. Evaluation criteria included solution quality and computational efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the mixed-integer diet model, PLA found accurate solutions within minutes, outperforming NLP in consistency and solution quality. NLP frequently hit the 1-h time limit and did not always find the best observed solution. In the worst cases, NLP either found no solution or the deviation was as large as 2.1 mg for absorbable iron. For absorbable zinc, the maximum deviation was only 0.2 mg. For the continuous diet model, NLP and PLA performed equally well in most cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides practical examples for researchers who seek to improve the accuracy of their diet models through the implementation of nonheme iron and zinc absorption equations using either NLP or PLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a digital weight management program on diet quality: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ana M Palacios, Alexandra M Lee, Chelsie Parker, Cullun Q Watts, Stephanie L Dickinson, Beate Henschel, Grace Anderson, Jing X Kersey, David B Allison, Gary D Foster, Michelle I Cardel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of behavioral commercial weight programs (CP) on weight loss is clear, yet their effects on diet quality are less studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relative effectiveness of a digital CP on diet quality compared to standard nutritional guidance (SNG) over 6 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov/NCT05648344) included 376 U.S. adults with a body mass index of 27-45 kg/m² and a self-reported desire to lose weight. Participants were randomized to a 6-month digital, behavioral CP (WeightWatchers®) (n=187) or to SNG (n=189). SNG participants received a monthly email with information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture MyPlate.gov. The primary outcome was the between-group, 6-month difference in diet quality (Healthy-Eating Index, HEI-2020) calculated from three 24-h dietary recalls gathered with the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool. Secondary outcomes included percent weight loss and weight-loss milestones of 3%, 5%, and 10%. Intention-to-treat, 6-month differences between CP and SNG were compared with ANCOVA or logistic regressions with multiple imputation adjusted for sex, age, race, ethnicity, education, and baseline values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant's mean age was 47.7 years (SD = 12); 65.7% self-identified as Non-Hispanic White, 20.7% as male, and 17.8% experienced food insecurity. Improvements in mean HEI were significantly greater with CP, 5.3 (SE=1.5), than SNG, 1.1 (1.4); between-group mean difference 4.2 (1.2); 95%CI [1.8, 6.6]. CP participants lost significantly more % body weight, -5.4% (0.9), than SNG participants, -1.5% (0.8); mean difference -3.9% (0.7); 95%CI [-5.4, -2.5]. Odds ratios for achieving 3%, 5%, and 10% weight loss for CP compared with SNG participants were 2.7; 95%CI [1.7, 4.2], 3.3; 95%CI [2.1, 5.4], and 7.1; 95%CI [3.2, 15.8], respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CP was significantly more effective than SNG for improving diet quality and weight loss among a diverse sample of adults living with overweight or obesity in the U.S. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05648344.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Vitamin B12 Status and its Predictors - Cross-Sectional Baseline Results from an Ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sol Maja G Bjørkevoll, Maria O'Keeffe, Carolien Konijnenberg, Beate S Solvik, Alida F Sødal, Siri Kaldenbach, Adrian McCann, Per M Ueland, Ingrid Kvestad, Elisabeth Ersvær, Mads N Holten-Andersen, Kjersti S Bakken, Tor A Strand","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin B12 is a crucial micronutrient for infant growth and development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe vitamin B12 status in Norwegian infants aged 6-15 weeks using multiple biomarkers and cut-off approaches, and to identify its predictors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From November 2021 through August 2024, infants aged 6-15 weeks and their mothers were recruited from public health clinics in Innlandet County, Norway, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Plasma cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were analyzed among all infants in the cohort (n=644) and total-homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were analyzed in a subgroup (n=358). The combined indicator for vitamin B12 status (cB12) was calculated by the Fedosov's equation. Low status was defined using multiple cut-off approaches. Potential predictors of infant vitamin B12 status were evaluated using regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean (standard deviation (SD)) infant age was 9.1 (1.8) weeks. The median (interquartile range) concentrations were: cobalamin 242 (192, 322) pmol/L, tHcy 7.4 (6.2, 9.4) μmol/L, and MMA 0.34 (0.21, 0.77) μmol/L. The mean (SD) cB12 was -0.5 (0.7). Eight percent had cobalamin <148 pmol/L, and 40% <221 pmol/L. Sixty-seven percent had tHcy >6.5 μmol/L, 19% >10 μmol/L, and 4% >13 μmol/L. Sixty-four percent had MMA>0.26 μmol/L. Exclusively breastfed infants had 40% lower cobalamin and 30% higher tHcy compared to non-breastfed infants. Partially breastfed infants had 21% lower cobalamin, and 12% higher tHcy compared to non-breastfed infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A substantial proportion of Norwegian infants have biochemical signs of low vitamin B12 status, regardless of the cut-off. Lower status was observed in partially and exclusively breastfed infants, compared to non-breastfed infants. However, it is unclear whether these biomarker patterns have clinical significance. Further research is needed to determine consequences of low vitamin B12 biomarker concentrations in early infancy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05005897.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the adherence and acceptability to iron and folic acid compared with multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial in Cambodia","authors":"Cassandra Sauer ,&nbsp;Mai-Anh Hoang ,&nbsp;Hou Kroeun ,&nbsp;Aman Sen Gupta ,&nbsp;Rem Ngik ,&nbsp;Meng Sokchea ,&nbsp;Jocelyne M Labonté ,&nbsp;Mary Chea ,&nbsp;Rolf Klemm ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mishra ,&nbsp;Aishwarya Panicker ,&nbsp;Vin Sokhal ,&nbsp;Crystal D Karakochuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Cambodian Ministry of Health is exploring transitioning from iron and folic acid (IFA) to multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) during pregnancy and is seeking rigorous evidence to inform this policy change.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to assess the adherence and acceptability of MMS compared with IFA supplementation during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an open-label cluster-randomized noninferiority trial across 48 health centers in Cambodia. A total of 1546 healthy pregnant individuals (18–45 y) were recruited at their first antenatal care (ANC) visit (&lt;14 weeks of gestation) and randomized to 1 of 3 arms at the health center level: <em>1</em>) IFA for 90 d (IFA-90, <em>n</em> = 515), the current standard of care; <em>2</em>) MMS for 180 d via 1 180-tablet bottle (MMS-180, <em>n</em> = 516); or 3) MMS for 180 d via 2 90-tablet bottles (MMS-90, <em>n</em> = 515). Our primary outcome was the noninferiority of adherence rates of MMS-180 compared with IFA-90, assessed by tablet counts and compared against a predefined noninferiority margin of −15%. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to estimate the mean difference (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) in adherence rates. Our secondary outcomes included the mean difference in ANC attendance between the MMS groups and the acceptability of MMS across 6 domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 88% of participants completed the trial, with high mean adherence rates across arms (91% for IFA-90, 95% for MMS-180, and 95% for MMS-90). The adjusted mean (95% CI) difference in adherence rates between MMS-180 and IFA-90 groups was 3.9% (1.7, 6.2). The adjusted mean (95% CI) difference in ANC visits for MMS-180 and MMS-90 groups was 0.0 (−0.1, 0.2) visits. The acceptability of MMS was positive (90%–100% “agreement” across 6 domains).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both IFA and MMS were highly acceptable, yet adherence to MMS was superior to IFA. These findings support the transition from IFA to MMS in Cambodia.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>Clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT05867836.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}