American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Produce prescription benefits redemption and activity in an observational study of 2680 Massachusetts Medicaid members","authors":"Ronit A Ridberg,&nbsp;Julia Reedy Sharib,&nbsp;Dariush Mozaffarian","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food is Medicine interventions are increasingly employed to address food and nutrition insecurity and diet sensitive conditions, and advance health equity. Produce prescription (PRx) programs hold particular promise, providing funds to purchase fruits and vegetables as part of a treatment plan. Despite early evidence, key knowledge gaps remain regarding redemption and activity rates, identified as critical but understudied factors with research, clinical, and policy implications.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This prospective observational study investigates benefits utilization in a population of 2680 Massachusetts Medicaid members enrolled in the Fresh Connect PRx intervention between July 2020 and December 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined trends overall, by duration of participation, alongside program changes, and by individual-level characteristics, providing a more complete picture of key correlates to benefits utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants enrolling during program periods with access to larger number of stores had ≤14.5% absolute higher redemption rates [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4, 18.7] and, separately, 5-fold greater likelihood of shopping each month (odds ratio 5.0, 95% CI: 3.7, 6.7) than those enrolled with fewest locations. Within individuals in the program 24 mo, participation increased with time, with active shoppers rising from 65% in month 1 to 75% in month 12 to 85% in month 24; and redemption rising from 31% to 68% to 88% over the same period. Redemption was also higher for females compared with males (5.9% higher, 95% CI: 3.0, 8.7), Asian compared with White participants (18.3% higher, 95% CI: 10.6, 26.1), and for participants reporting Spanish as their preferred language compared with English (13.9% higher, 95% CI: 10.9, 16.9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Activity and redemption can each be high in PRx, and may be positively associated with more shopping locations, longer participation and program implementation experience, and specific participant demographic factors. These findings inform interpretation of prior and design of future research on PRx, health outcomes, and healthcare utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 427-435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction models of basal energy expenditure in children and adolescents across the BMI spectrum based on room calorimetry: a cross-sectional cohort study","authors":"Maurice Puyau ,&nbsp;Roman Shypailo ,&nbsp;Nancy F Butte ,&nbsp;Salma Musaad ,&nbsp;Fida Bacha","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing equations for prediction of basal energy expenditure (BEE) may not be accurate in children with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to develop BEE prediction equations applicable to children and adolescents across a wide BMI spectrum using gold standard room calorimetry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (DXA), and BEE (whole room calorimetry) in a cross-sectional cohort of 1155 healthy children, 5–19 years of age. 67% of the males and 51% of the females were classified as OW/OB. We applied multiple linear regression analyses to develop BEE prediction models for each sex. Using relevant predictors, we developed models with fat-free mass (FFM); waist and hip circumference; weight and height only; and weight only. A representative sample of participants (83 males, 125 females) served as a validation dataset to test model performance. The models’ performance in predicting BEE was compared to existing models in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Model fits (<em>R</em>²) for the new BEE prediction models were = 0.84 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Our BEE prediction models performed equally in children with normal weight and OW/OB, with &lt;1.5% difference between the measured versus predicted BEE in the validation dataset for both sexes. In Bland-Altman analysis, our BEE prediction models were superior to existing prediction models, especially for children with higher BEEs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>New BEE prediction models developed and tested in cohorts representative of children with normal weight and OW/OB had superior performance compared with existing models. The BEE prediction equations based on simple anthropometrics or body composition provided improved accuracy and precision for children with NW or OW/OB, ages 5 to 19. More accurate estimates of BEE should allow for better estimates of energy requirements of children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of the indicator amino acid oxidation method for determining amino acid requirements","authors":"D. Joe Millward","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 497-499"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One piece of the puzzle: understanding gestational weight gain and its role in maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes","authors":"Eric O Ohuma","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 195-196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal cohort study of canola composition demonstrates changes in the climate and the food system are decreasing the essential fatty acid content of canola","authors":"Michael R Bukowski ,&nbsp;Sarah Goslee ,&nbsp;Véronique J Barthet","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Canola oil represents a vital source of essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA). In assessing EFA intake, clinicians and nutritionists consult food composition databases; however, nutritional composition data may not reflect changes in food composition due to environmental factors. As the leading global exporter, Canada annually monitors canola quality in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta using the Canadian Grain Commission’s Harvest Sample Program, providing a geographical cross-section of canola composition which may provide empirical evidence for changes in EFA content for canola oil.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Use fatty acid composition data from 2010 to 2022 to determine 1) regional variability, 2) temporal variability, and 3) estimate how much of the observed variability can be related to differences growth temperature.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using the Harvest Sample Program and contemporaneous climate data, we constructed a model relating EFA composition with mean daytime high temperatures during flowering and seed development.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data for this cohort showed the average mean ALA content decreased from 9.93 ± 0.78 mass % (average mean± standard deviation) to 8.16 ± 0.46 mass %, with a concomitant increase in oleic acid. LA content was less variable, with a maximum of 19.21 ± 0.52 mass % in 2012 and a minimum of 18.06 ± 0.32 mass % in 2022. LA and ALA content are negatively correlated to daytime high temperature.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared our observations to publicly available food composition databases, the observed systemic changes in fatty acid composition from the field can be detected on grocery store shelves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 304-314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenols following consumption of selected blueberries and a blueberry-rich protein bar by adult males and females: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial.","authors":"Monique Carvalho de Santana, Atul S Rathore, Preeti Chandra, Jessica L Everhart, Harry Schulz, Cheryl D Granillo, Mario G Ferruzzi, Massimo Iorizzo, Mary A Lila, Joscelin T Diaz, Colin D Kay","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It's commonly believed that higher nutrient content equates to healthier foods, and food processing lowers nutrient content, although bioavailability studies often indicate otherwise. Blueberries, a rich source of (poly)phenols with proven health benefits, provide a feasible model to evaluate phytochemical bioavailability following consumption of raw and processed fruits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the effect of processing on the bioavailability of (poly)phenols following consumption of 4 interventions: 2 blueberry varieties (i.e., Elliott and Olympia) selected based on differing (poly)phenol content and in vitro bioaccessibility, a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar providing an equivalent amount of blueberries, and a control beverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This blinded, randomized, 4-way crossover, controlled trial (n = 18; 42.06±12.53 y; BMI 24.75±2.97 kg/m²) fed one serving (150 g) of Elliott and Olympia blueberries and a (poly)phenol-rich protein bar containing one serving of Elliott blueberries, compared to a macronutrient-matched control beverage. (Poly)phenols and metabolites were analyzed in blood and urine over 48h, with bioavailability and pharmacokinetics assessed via linear mixed-effects repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recovery of metabolites was similar following consumption of blueberry varieties of differing (poly)phenol composition, with higher total urinary recovery after Elliott blueberry relative to Olympia blueberry and protein bar (21% and 29%, respectively). Serum area under the curve was similar across berry-derived treatments, while differences in maximum concentration (C_max) and time at maximum concentration (T_max) were observed; for example, urinary recovery of 3-methoxycinnamic acid-4-O-glucuronide was similar following Elliott blueberry and protein bar (p=1.00), while C_max was 1.24 h later after Elliott blueberry vs protein bar (T_max=3.84 vs 2.60 h). Alternatively, C_max for 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid was higher following Elliott blueberry vs Olympia blueberry and protein bar (26.63 and 25.32 ng/mL, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differing berry (poly)phenol content and bioaccessibility only minimally affected bioavailability following consumption of blueberries relative to a blueberry-rich protein bar, suggesting (poly)phenol-dense foods, such as bars and snacks, could provide similar health benefits as raw fruits. Further studies using other crops are required to assess if these findings are translatable.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>NCT04175106 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04175106?term=19138&draw=2&rank=1) CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT04175106 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04175106).</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Sub-group Trends of Stunting and Wasting in Indian Children: A Serial Cross-sectional Analysis from National Family Health Surveys 3-5.","authors":"Drishti Sharma, Vijin Pp, Rajat Goyal, Saif Ul Hadi, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India grapples with a dual burden of child wasting and stunting and stark socio-economic and regional disparities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to better understand trends in the prevalence of childhood stunting and wasting, with an emphasis on its disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, by analyzing National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) data from 2005 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed trends in the distribution of childhood Height-for-Age Z (HAZ) and Weight-for-Height Z (WHZ) scores using anthropometric data from three surveys, NFHS 3, 4, and 5. We examined disparities by wealth, caste, tribe, area of residence (rural vs. urban), and sex, and mapped trends against India's evolving policy landscape. We also conducted a regression analysis of HAZ and WHZ risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the context of an evolving nutrition-centered policy landscape, disparities by level of wealth in both HAZ and WHZ decreased in the study period (HAZ: estimate=0.27, CI= 0.16, 0.38; and WHZ: estimate=0.11, CI=0.01, 0.22), though there were no improvements in disparities for marginalized castes (HAZ: estimate=0.07, CI= 0.00, 0.13; and WHZ: estimate=0.02, CI= -0.04, 0.08). Though they have narrowed, disparities by wealth, caste, tribe and area of residence persist, with undernutrition at birth, as measured by HAZ and WHZ, a particularly acute problem.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although there have been significant reductions in disparities by wealth in mean HAZ and WHZ scores in India, persistent disparities by caste, tribe, and area of residence necessitate reinvestments in targeted interventions. Further, despite this narrowing of disparities and overall progress against stunting, anthropometric scores in early childhood continue to be low in India, especially with regard to wasting, indicating the importance of not only maternal nutrition and care for newborns, but more comprehensive efforts to address poverty and other factors that contribute to undernutrition, with a focus on vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consuming Pecans as a Snack Improves Lipids/Lipoproteins and Diet Quality Compared to Usual Diet in Adults at Increased Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Tricia L Hart, Penny M Kris-Etherton, Kristina S Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The vascular and cardiometabolic effects of pecans are relatively under-studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim was to examine how substitution of usual snack foods with 57 g/day of pecans affects vascular health, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and diet quality, compared to continuing usual intake in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-week single-blinded, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome who were free from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes were included. Participants were provided with 57 g/day of pecans and instructed to replace the snacks usually consumed with the provided pecans. The control group was instructed to continue consuming their usual diet. Flow mediated dilation (FMD; primary outcome), blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), lipids/lipoproteins, and glycemic control were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Participants completed three 24-hour recalls at three timepoints (baseline, week 6, and week 12) during the study (9 recalls in total). The Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) was calculated to assess diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 138 participants (Mean±SD;46±13 years, 29.8±3.7 kg/m²) were randomized (69 per group). No between group differences in FMD, cf-PWV or blood pressure were observed. Compared to the usual diet group, pecan intake reduced total cholesterol (-8.1 mg/dL; 95%CI -14.5, -1.7), LDL-C (-7.2 mg/dL; 95%CI -12.3, -2.1), non-HDL-C (-9.5 mg/dL; 95%CI -15.3, -3.7) and triglycerides (-16.4 mg/dL; 95%CI -30.0, -2.9). Weight tended to increase in the pecan group compared with the usual diet group (0.7 kg; 95%CI -0.1, 1.4). The HEI-2020 increased by 9.4 points (95%CI 5.0, 13.7) in the pecan group compared to the usual diet group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Replacing usual snacks with 57 g/day of pecans for 12-weeks improved lipids/lipoproteins and diet quality, but did not affect vascular health in adults at risk for cardiometabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov NCT05071807.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein glycation compromises the bioavailability of milk protein-derived lysine in vivo in healthy adult males: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial.","authors":"Glenn Aa van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M Senden, Annemie P Gijsen, Lex B Verdijk, Wilbert F Pellikaan, Marjolijn Ce Bragt, Luc Jc van Loon","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that ingestion of highly glycated milk protein attenuates the post-prandial rise in plasma lysine concentrations when compared to the ingestion of an equivalent amount of milk protein with a low glycation level. Whether the attenuated increase in plasma lysine availability is attributed to compromised protein digestion and subsequent lysine absorption remains to be established.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study combined stable isotope methodology with the ingestion of, specifically produced, intrinsically labeled protein to assess protein digestion and amino acid absorption following ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level in vivo in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>15 recreationally active, healthy young males participated in this double-blinded, randomized cross-over study. Subjects ingested 40 g intrinsically L-[1-¹³C]-lysine-labeled milk protein with either a low (3%) or high (50%) glycation level. Continuous intravenous infusion of L-[4,4,5,5-²H₄]-lysine was combined with frequent blood sample collection during a 6-h post-prandial period to evaluate dietary protein-derived lysine release into the circulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-prandial plasma lysine concentrations were lower following the ingestion of milk protein with a high versus low glycation level (time*treatment effect: P=0.002; ƞ²=0.214), resulting in a 23 mmol·L^-1·360 min^-1 [95%-CI:13-32] lower incremental area under the curve (0±12 vs 23±11 mmol·L^-1·360 min^-1, respectively, P<0.001). The post-prandial release of milk protein-derived lysine into the circulation was attenuated following ingestion of the protein with the high versus low glycation level (time*treatment effect: P<0.001; ƞ²=0.640) and was 31% [95%-CI:26-36] lower over the full 6-h post-prandial period (18±4 vs 49±10% of the ingested lysine, respectively, P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high level of milk protein glycation strongly reduces post-prandial plasma lysine availability in vivo in humans. Industrial processing and storage of (milk) protein products can strongly modulate protein bioavailability and, as such, lower the nutritional value of a protein source. This trial was registered at www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov as NCT05479916: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05479916.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing the landscape of nutrition- and diet-related randomized controlled trials: metaresearch study of protocols published between 2012 and 2022.","authors":"Flávia Moraes Silva, Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Celeste Naude, Cintia Curioni, Fabio S Gomes, Gary S Collins, Gilberto Kac, Jennifer Anne de Beyer, Jonathan Cook, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Matthew J Page, Neha Khandpur, Sarah Sallie Lamb, Sally Hopewell, Shaima Saleh, Shona Kirtley, Simone Bernardes, Solange Durão, Colby J Vorland, Michael Maia Schlussel","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Publishing protocols promotes transparency and reproducibility. The scope and methods of protocols for nutrition- and diet-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been investigated yet.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to map the landscape of nutrition- and diet-related interventions research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a metaresearch of nutrition-and diet-related RCT protocols published between January 2012 and March 2022, in any language, targeting human participants, evaluating nutrition interventions isolated or combined. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in 6 online databases. Bibliometric information, study characteristics, and research transparency practices data were collected from the included publications. The instructions for authors of journals with publications in our sample were checked for endorsement of reporting guidelines. Mentions to reporting guidelines in the included protocols were also checked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 62,319 records retrieved, 1068 were eligible. The number of published protocols increased annually, with a mean of 103 (range: 32-163) publications/y. Protocols were published in 148 journals, 50 of them (33.8%) endorsed Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT), 111 (75.3%) Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), and 4 (2.7%) Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR), whereas 343 (32.1%) protocols mentioned SPIRIT, 297 (27.8%) CONSORT, and 20 (1.9%) TIDieR. Most protocols reported the RCT registration number (n = 1006; 94.2%) and included statements about conflicts of interest (n = 952; 89.1%) and funding (n = 994; 93.2%). About one-third of protocols focused on adults or elderly participants (n = 677; 63.4%). Most protocols described 1 isolated nutrition- or diet-related intervention (n = 724; 67.8%), which were most frequently \"supplementation, supplements or fortification\" (n = 405; 37.9%) or \"nutrition education, counseling or coordination of care\" (n = 354; 33.1%). The most frequent primary outcomes reported were related to clinical status (n = 308; 28.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of protocols for nutrition- or diet-related RCTs published is increasing, supporting the raising awareness and the importance of promoting these publications. The support and mention of relevant reporting guidelines by journals and researchers, respectively, remain far from ideal.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}