American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Relationship of healthy lifestyle with healthy aging and the mediation by plasma proteins: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Fei Fang ,&nbsp;Zhong-Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Jie-Qiong Lyu ,&nbsp;Meng-Yuan Miao ,&nbsp;Ji-Mei Gu ,&nbsp;Yu-Wen Qian ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Shao ,&nbsp;Zhong-Xiao Wan ,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Qin ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Xiu-Ying Cai ,&nbsp;Qi Fang ,&nbsp;Guo-Chong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lifestyle factors have been widely associated with various major chronic diseases (MCDs) and life expectancy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our study aimed to investigate the relationship of a healthy lifestyle with the odds of healthy aging and the mediating role of plasma proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 26,774 participants from UK Biobank aged 64 y or older who were free of 15 MCDs at baseline. Healthy aging was defined as survival to age 80 without developing MCDs at the end of follow-up. According to a composite score of 7 lifestyle factors, the participants were grouped as having healthy (6 or 7 healthy lifestyle factors), intermediate (3–5 healthy lifestyle factors), or unhealthy (0–2 healthy lifestyle factors) lifestyles. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of lifestyle categories with the odds of healthy aging. In a subsample (<em>n</em> = 3231), proteomic signatures of healthy lifestyle were identified and their potential mediation on the relationship of healthy lifestyle with healthy aging was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 16,269 participants achieved healthy aging. Compared with an unhealthy lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was associated with 117% (95% CI: 95%, 141%) higher odds of healthy aging, as well as lower risks of all-cause mortality and various MCDs. There were 879 plasma proteins associated with a healthy lifestyle, largely involving the pathways associated with immune-inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. There were 26 proteins that had the strongest correlations with healthy lifestyle (absolute value of effect size &gt;0.15), among which 13 proteins were found to significantly explain 10.9%–30.7% of the relationship between healthy lifestyle and healthy aging. Fatty acid-binding protein 4, adrenomedullin, and hepatocyte growth factor were the leading mediators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A healthy lifestyle is associated with substantially higher odds of healthy aging, potentially through the regulation of specific circulating proteins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic profile of biodiverse diets in a healthy European cohort","authors":"Bernadette Chimera ,&nbsp;Emine Koc Cakmak ,&nbsp;Jessica Blanco-Lopez ,&nbsp;Jeroen Berden ,&nbsp;Carine Biessy ,&nbsp;Pekka Keski-Rahkonen ,&nbsp;Geneviève Nicolas ,&nbsp;Justine Berlivet ,&nbsp;Carl Lachat ,&nbsp;Bernard Srour ,&nbsp;Kris A Murray ,&nbsp;Paolo Vineis ,&nbsp;Mathilde Touvier ,&nbsp;Oliver JK Robinson ,&nbsp;Giles Hanley-Cook ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Mangone ,&nbsp;Raul Zamora-Ros ,&nbsp;Rosario Tumino ,&nbsp;Jytte Halkjær ,&nbsp;Agnetha Rostgaard-Hansen ,&nbsp;Inge Huybrechts","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is increasing evidence that diets characterized by food biodiversity could contribute to health outcomes. Greater dietary species diversity has been linked to reduced gastrointestinal cancer risk and all-cause mortality. However, mechanistic pathways supporting the association between food biodiversity and health are just beginning to be explored.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To characterize the metabolic profile associated with food biodiversity of diets in a pan-European population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Dietary species richness (DSR), or the absolute number of unique species in an individual’s diet, was calculated for 7,983 cancer-free control participants within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort study. Usual dietary intakes in the preceding year were assessed at recruitment with country-specific dietary questionnaires. Metabolomic profiles from blood which included 128 circulating endogenous metabolites,32 polyphenol compounds, and 39 fatty acid isomers were used as biomarkers of potential mechanisms underlying nutrition and health associations. Lasso regression identified key metabolites in discovery and replication sets, and multivariable stepwise linear regression were used to quantify associations between DSR and metabolomic profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 52 metabolites were selected using Lasso regression in the replication set, of which 70% were statistically significant in stepwise linear regression. Higher DSR was associated with lower levels of 4 amino acids (e.g., tyrosine, -0.0231, 95% CI: -0.0362, -0.0100, p = 0.0009) and 2 acylcarnitines (e.g., C14:2, -0.0834, 95% CI: -0.1084, -0.0583, p &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, higher levels were observed for 7 amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, -0.0954, 95% CI: -0.1049, -0.0860, p &lt; 0.0001) and 9 polyphenols (e.g., epicatechin, p = 0.0017).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this European middle-aged adult population, the circulating metabolic profiles of biodiverse diets are consistent with the metabolome linked with health-promoting diets, indicating metabolite groups that provide metabolic homeostasis, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-obesogenic properties. These findings support the health benefits of consuming more diverse dietary species and may partially explain the inverse associations found in relation with mortality or gastrointestinal cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of perinatal exposure to PUFAs and child neurodevelopment: evidence from Mendelian randomization using FADS cluster variants","authors":"Aline Abou Assi ,&nbsp;Martine Armand ,&nbsp;Catherine Sarté ,&nbsp;Muriel Tafflet ,&nbsp;Wen Lun Yuan ,&nbsp;Hugo Peyre ,&nbsp;Marie-Aline Charles ,&nbsp;Barbara Heude ,&nbsp;Jonathan Y Bernard","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The potential causal effects of perinatal exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on child neurodevelopment remains controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To infer causation, we assessed the association of perinatal PUFA patterns and child neurodevelopment by using conventional regression analyses and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 1096 mother–child pairs from the French <em>Etude des Déterminants Pré- et Postnatals du Développement de la Santé de L’enfant</em> cohort, patterns of perinatal exposure to PUFAs were previously identified combining PUFA levels from maternal and cord erythrocytes, and colostrum. Child verbal, performance, and full-scale intelligence quotients (IQs) were assessed at ages 5–6 y. Among maternal fatty acid desaturase (<em>FADS</em>) variants genotyped, 2 candidates, rs174546 (<em>FADS1</em>) and rs174634 (<em>FADS3</em>), were selected, as instrumental variables, for the MR analysis. The association of PUFA patterns with child IQ was examined by conventional multivariable linear regression and 2-stage least-squares MR regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the conventional approach, the first pattern “high omega-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs), low omega-6 LC-PUFAs” was positively associated with verbal IQ [<em>β</em> (95% confidence interval) = 1.24 (0.27, 2.21) points per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in pattern] and full-scale IQ [1.11 (0.18, 2.05)]. This pattern was independent of <em>FADS</em> variants, rendering MR analysis inapplicable. The third pattern, “colostrum LC-PUFAs,” was positively associated with verbal [1.11 (0.19, 2.02)], performance [1.01 (0.09, 1.93)], and full-scale IQ [1.13 (0.25, 2.01)]. The MR approach, based on genetic instruments strongly associated with the third pattern, supported the beneficial effect on performance IQ [2.93 (0.05, 5.81) points per 1 SD increase in genetically predicted pattern]. The MR also suggested a deleterious effect of the fourth pattern “linoleic acid (LA) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA)” on performance IQ [–1.66 (–3.22, –0.09)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings supported the potential beneficial effects of perinatal exposure to LC-PUFAs on child neurodevelopment while highlighting possible adverse effects associated with exposure to LA and DGLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 235-243"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of >1-h compared with 1-h meal timing variability (eating jetlag) with plasma glycemic parameters and continuous glucose monitoring measures among pregnant females: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Yu-En Chen ,&nbsp;Chee Wai Ku ,&nbsp;Mary FF Chong ,&nbsp;Fabian Yap ,&nbsp;Jerry Kok Yen Chan ,&nbsp;See Ling Loy ,&nbsp;Ling-Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Eating jetlag (EJL), the difference in eating times between weekdays and weekends, disrupts circadian alignment and may affect metabolic health. However, its influence on glucose tolerance and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during pregnancy remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the associations between EJL and glycemic parameters during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This secondary analysis was conducted on a cohort of 248 healthy pregnant females from Singapore. EJL, derived from 4-d food diaries at 20-wk of gestation, was the absolute difference in average meal times between weekdays and weekends for the first (EJL_first) and last (EJL_last) meals and categorized as ≤1-h (reference) or &gt;1-h. Primary outcomes at 25-wk of gestation included results from the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and β-cell function (HOMA2-%B). Secondary outcomes at 20-wk of gestation included glycemic control and variability measured over 10-d using CGM. Skewed glycemic variables were log-transformed for normality, and associations between EJL and glycemic outcomes were analyzed using multivariable regressions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, EJL_last &gt;1-h was associated with higher fasting insulin [geometric mean ratio (95% confidence intervals): 1.21 (1.05, 1.39)], HOMA2-IR [1.21 (1.05, 1.39)], HOMA2-%B [1.11 (1.01, 1.22)], and CGM-based measures, including mean glucose [1.05 (1.00, 1.09)], J-index [1.11 (1.01, 1.22)], and glucose management indicator [1.03 (1.00, 1.06)]. EJL_first &gt;1-h was associated with higher CGM-based mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) [1.09 (1.01, 1.19)]. For CGM-based glycemic variability outcomes (standard deviation, coefficient of variation [CV], MAGE), there were interactions between EJL_first and <em>1</em>) diet quality [adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)] (<em>P</em>-interactions = 0.06–0.09), and <em>2</em>) prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (<em>P</em>-interaction=0.07 for CV). In females with a prepregnancy BMI ≥23 kg/m² and low diet quality (DASH score ≤median), EJL_first &gt;1 h was associated with higher CGM-based glycemic variability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EJL was associated with unfavorable glycemic parameters during pregnancy. Dietary interventions could promote consistent meal timing, especially in higher risk groups with suboptimal nutritional status.</div><div>This trial was registered at <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03803345.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"122 1","pages":"Pages 244-254"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarification and standardization of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry terminology for accurate scientific communication and clinical diagnostic accuracy.","authors":"Jonathan P Bennett, Carla M Prado, Maria Cristina Gonzalez, Steven B Heymsfield","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evaluation of skeletal muscle (SM) mass has significant clinical and research relevance in the diagnosis and management of conditions, such as malnutrition, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cancer cachexia. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is now the most widely used method for estimating SM mass; however, it does not directly measure SM but instead provides proxies that require careful interpretation. A major issue in the field is the inconsistent and sometimes incorrect use of DXA-derived terminology in both scientific literature and clinical practice, leading to potential misdiagnoses and inaccurate research conclusions. This review highlights the importance of using proper terminology and the errors that arise when DXA-based estimates of SM mass are misrepresented. Focusing on the appendicular regions, where most SM is located, we first describe the principles of DXA measurement, including its ability to quantify appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) and their relationship to appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM). We then examined inconsistencies in manufacturer-reported DXA outputs and common reporting errors in the literature, particularly the interchangeable use of ALST and ASM. Additionally, we present data demonstrating how these inconsistencies impact the clinical assessment of sarcopenia and influence population-level prevalence estimates. ALM refers to all nonfat components of the arms and legs, whereas ALST also removes bone mass. Both measures include non-SM components and are, therefore, larger than SM. To address the use of these terms, we propose standardizing DXA terminology and reporting practices in both research and clinical settings. We also highlight the importance of consistent terminology in other clinical and field-based methods of body composition assessment, including bioelectrical impedance analysis and 3-dimensional optical imaging. These recommendations will enhance the clarity of SM-related measures (e.g., ALST, ALM), improve diagnostic accuracy, and facilitate meaningful comparisons across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical dietary index for lower urate concentrations and risk of gout: evidence from cohort studies.","authors":"Xiaowen Wang, Sharan K Rai, Wangjian Zhang, Molin Wang, Binkai Liu, Yang Hu, Siyue Wang, Han Han, Yuantao Hao, Hyon K Choi, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High blood urate concentrations are a causal risk factor for the development of gout. There is no dietary pattern that specifically targets on lowering plasma urate concentrations or gout risk.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to derive a dietary pattern that predicts lower plasma urate concentrations and to examine this diet in relation to the risk of gout and related cardiometabolic conditions, including hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Empirical Dietary Index for Normo-Uricemia (EDINU) was developed using 7-d diet records and plasma urate concentrations in the Lifestyle Validation Study (LVS) and prospective associations between the EDINU and disease risks were assessed using multivariable Cox regression in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), using prospective cohort data. Replications were conducted in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and UK Biobank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EDINU positively ranks low-fat milk, blueberries, grapes, and cheese as negative predictors of urate and negatively ranks mixed vegetables, liquor, red meat, liver, artificially sweetened beverages, tomato products, wine, and salad dressing as positive predictors. The EDINU showed significant correlations with plasma urate concentrations in both discovery and replication studies (Spearman correlation of -0.23 in LVS or -0.33 in NHANES). Higher EDINU scores were associated with lower gout risk in 3 independent cohort studies with a hazard ratio, comparing extreme quintiles, of 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.42, 0.55) in the NHS/HPFS or 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) in UK Biobank. The EDINU was inversely associated with a lower risk of hypertension, stroke, and T2D, but not CAD, in the NHS/HPFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A replicated empirical index predicting lower plasma urate is associated with significantly lower risks of gout and related cardiometabolic conditions. Consuming such a diet with lower uricemic potentials could be a novel, promising approach to preventing gout.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological responses during high-dose protein nutrition in the critically ill: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Arnold S Kristof, Mengyin Hong, Nadia Boufaied, Nihad Tousson-Abouelazm, Surya Dandamudi, Kwang-Bo Joung, Roupen Hatzakorzian, Michelle Port, Giuseppina Campisi, Ciriaco A Piccirillo, Gregory J Fonseca, Jun Ding, Daren K Heyland, David P Labbé, Linda Wykes, Thomas Schricker","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced protein intake is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. Paradoxically, large-scale randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of protein supplementation, perhaps because the dose required to achieve an anabolic response is unknown, and because biological mechanisms that determine individual patient responses to nutrition are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous protein dose on whole-body protein balance (WBPB) and associated biological markers of metabolic response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of high dose (2.5 g/kg/d by parenteral amino acid infusion for 48 h) compared with usual (0.8 g/kg/d) or moderate (1.75 g/kg/d) doses on WBPB. By measuring ¹³C-leucine stable isotope kinetics, whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were evaluated before and after the intervention. As a comprehensive and well-annotated method to achieve untargeted biomarker identification, the blood transcriptome was interrogated by RNA sequencing every 12 h to identify molecular signatures associated with increases in WBPB during protein supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned, and 25 completed the study. The increase in WBPB for the high-dose group was 10.0±3.7, and that for the moderate and usual-dose groups were 6.7±2.9 and 6.6±3.6, μmol/kg/h (mean±SEM) respectively. After adjusting for baseline WBPB, high dose (P = 0.036 vs. usual dose, P = 0.047 vs. moderate dose), but not moderate dose (P = 0.893 vs. usual dose) protein led to larger increases in WBPB. Increased WBPB was associated with lower baseline protein balance (R² = 0.18, P = 0.03), and reduced expression of a distinct neutrophil bactericidal gene signature (normalized enrichment score = -1.613, P_adj = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Larger increases in WBPB were observed in critically ill patients receiving a high-dose protein supplementation strategy, and these increases were associated with a biological program reflecting neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02865408.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Therese Hjorth, Alena Schadow, Ingrid Revheim, Ulrike Spielau, Klara Meyer, Anne Rieder, Paula Varela, Simon Ballance, Antje Koerner, Rikard Landberg, Anette E Buyken, Jutta Dierkes, Hanne Rosendahl-Riise","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A high intake of whole grains is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and soluble fiber from oats and barley, that is, β-glucans, has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and postprandial glycaemia. Despite such data and the European Food Safety Authority health claims supporting β-glucan-induced reductions in glucose and cholesterol, effectiveness in real-life settings among individuals at elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess the long-term effectiveness of daily consumption of β-glucan-enriched bread, compared with whole-grain wheat bread, on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 16-wk randomized, double-blind dietary intervention was conducted in 194 adults [58 ± 8 y; BMI: 32 ± 5 kg/m²; HbA1c 5.6% ± 0.3% (38 ± 3 mmol/mol); LDL cholesterol 3.6 ± 1.0 mmol/L] across sites in Germany, Norway, and Sweden. Participants consumed ≥3 slices/d of either β-glucan-enriched bread (6 g β-glucan/d) or control bread, 6 d/wk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 16 wk, there was no significant between-group difference in HbA1c [Δ = -0.01%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.03, 0.06; P = 0.49]. Similarly, no differences were observed in fasting glucose (Δ = -0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.14), insulin (Δ = -0.76 pmol/L; 95% CI: -0.99, 2.5), or LDL cholesterol (Δ = -0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.27, 0.05) (all P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to expectations from efficacy studies, this effectiveness trial does not support the metabolic benefits of oat-derived β-glucan-enriched bread under real-life conditions. A simple bread replacement may not be sufficient to improve glucose homeostasis in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04994327.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational vitamin D concentration and child cognitive development: a longitudinal cohort study in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.","authors":"Melissa M Melough, Monica McGrath, Meredith Palmore, Brent R Collett, Jean M Kerver, Christine W Hockett, Rebecca J Schmidt, Rachel S Kelly, Kristen Lyall, Qi Zhao, Alison E Hipwell, Susan A Korrick, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Scott T Weiss, Su H Chu, Hooman Mirzakhani, Jennifer M Porter, Sheela Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low vitamin D concentrations are common-especially among those with darker pigmented skin-and are frequently observed during pregnancy. Given its important role in brain development, inadequate gestational vitamin D may impair child cognitive development.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate associations of gestational vitamin D concentrations with childhood cognitive scores, explore whether this relationship differs by self-reported race, and examine sensitive exposure windows within pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 912 mother-child dyads (37.3% Black, 52.3% White) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured in prenatal or cord blood collected between 4 and 42 wk gestation (median: 23 wk). Children's cognition was assessed at ages 7-12 y using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Relationships of 25(OH)D and cognitive scores were examined using mixed-effects linear models adjusted for confounders. Potential sensitive periods were explored by estimating population 25(OH)D patterns across gestation for varying levels of the cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean gestational 25(OH)D was 23.8 ng/mL (SD: 10.0 ng/mL). Each 10-ng/mL increase was associated with greater overall (β: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.08, 2.14) and fluid cognition scores (β: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.07, 2.34), but not crystallized cognition. Although these associations were not significantly modified by self-reported race, associations appeared stronger in children of Black mothers (β: 2.99; 95% CI: 0.82, 5.16) than those in non-Black mothers (β: 0.43; 95% CI: -0.93, 1.78) for fluid cognition. Early pregnancy may be a critical exposure period, evidenced by the greatest divergence in the pattern of 25(OH)D during this period between the mothers of children in the 90th and those in the 10th percentiles of cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gestational 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with cognitive scores, especially in children of Black mothers. Given higher deficiency risk among Black women, vitamin D repletion before or in early pregnancy may be an important strategy for reducing racial disparities in child neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Greenhouse gas emissions in relation to micronutrient intake and implications of energy intake: A comparative analysis of different modelling approaches\" [Am J Clin Nutr, 121 (2025), 1063-1076].","authors":"Anna Stubbendorff, Elinor Hallström, Georgia Tomova, Yan Borné, Suzanne Janzi, Emily Sonestedt, Ulrika Ericson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}