American Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"This is the moment: advancing Food is Medicine through research.","authors":"Nicholas J Jury, Elizabeth G Guillen, Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and infant growth in relation to childhood overweight - a longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Magnus Leth-Møller, Ulla Kampmann, Susanne Hede, Per G Ovesen, Adam Hulman, Sine Knorr","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid infant growth is positively, and breastfeeding inversely, associated with childhood overweight. However, the interplay has only been sparsely investigated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to investigate how exclusive breastfeeding duration modifies the effect of infant growth on childhood overweight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included routinely collected data on duration of exclusive breastfeeding and child growth from Aarhus Municipality, Denmark and on maternal health from the patient records at Aarhus University Hospital, 2008-2013. Infant growth was estimated using latent class analysis. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was grouped as never, ≤4 mo, and >4 mo. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index z-score >1 at age 5 to 9 y. We investigated the risk of overweight dependent on infant growth and breastfeeding duration both independently and combined using logistic regression and adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7074 infants, we identified 3 growth patterns: average, accelerated, and decelerated. No or ≤4 mo of breastfeeding was associated with being overweight at 5 to 9 y (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27, 2.03) and aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.85, respectively) compared to >4 mo of breastfeeding. Compared with average infant growth, accelerated growth was associated with childhood overweight (aOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.79). In the combined analysis, accelerated infant growth showed no evidence of being associated with overweight if infants were exclusively breastfed >4 mo (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.68, 2.10). Decelerated growth was not associated with overweight regardless of exclusive breastfeeding duration, compared with infants with average growth who were exclusively breastfed >4 mo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with decreased risk of being overweight, whereas accelerated infant growth is associated with increased risk. Children with accelerated infant growth who are never breastfed have the highest risk of overweight at 5 to 9 y of age, whereas there is no association if infants are exclusively breastfed >4 mo.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole cranberry fruit powder supplement reduces the incidence of culture-confirmed urinary tract infections in females with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: A 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Welma Stonehouse, Bianca Benassi-Evans, Jana J Bednarz, Andrew D Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI), including cystitis, and concern for antimicrobial resistance justify safe and effective nonantibiotic therapies for prevention of recurrent UTI (rUTI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effect of a whole cranberry fruit powder supplement on incidence of culture-confirmed UTI (primary outcome) in females with rUTI history.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, 6-mo, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study enrolled 150 healthy females [18-65 y, body mass index (BMI) >17.5 and <35 kg/m²] with rUTI defined as ≥3 UTIs in the last year or ≤2 UTIs in the last 6 mo, excluding those with >5 UTIs in the last 6 mo. Participants consumed either 1 capsule of 500 mg/d of whole cranberry powder (Pacran) or placebo. Culture-confirmed UTIs (>10⁸cfu/L) were assessed throughout the intervention period at unscheduled clinic visits whenever participants experienced UTI symptoms and at baseline, 3- and 6-mo clinic visits. Symptomatic suspected UTIs were defined as participant-reported UTI-associated symptoms at unscheduled visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole cranberry powder capsules reduced culture-confirmed UTI risk compared with placebo by 52% (adjusted relative risk [RR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26, 0.87; P = 0.01); reduced Escherichia coli UTIs (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.01; P = 0.05); reduced incidence of UTI with urinary frequency and urgency symptomatology (RR: 0.29; 95% CI:0.13, 0.63; P < 0.01); delayed time to first UTI episode (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.74; P = 0.01); and reduced the mean total number of UTIs per participant (adjusted incidence rate ratio IRR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.79; P = 0.01). Significant differences between groups in incidence of symptomatic suspected UTIs and culture-confirmed dysuria were not observed. Exploratory scores for UTI-related female sexual matters, assessed in a subset of sexually active, consenting females, did not differ significantly between groups. No safety concerns were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that whole cranberry powder capsules do not impact safety markers and reduce the incidence of culture-confirmed UTI and several other UTI-related outcomes in healthy females with rUTI history. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov asNCT03042273.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of gene-environment interactions for vitamin D through variance quantitative trait loci: a UK Biobank-based genetic epidemiology study.","authors":"Tianyuan Lu, Wenmin Zhang, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Corinne D Engelman, Qiongshi Lu, Ian H de Boer, Lei Sun, Andrew D Paterson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding gene-environment interactions associated with vitamin D status may refine nutrition and public health strategies for vitamin D deficiency. Recent methodological advances have enabled the identification of variance quantitative trait loci (vQTLs) where gene-environment interactions are enriched.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to identify vQTLs for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and characterize potential gene-environment interactions of vQTLs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted vQTL discovery for 25OHD using a newly developed quantile integral linear model in the UK Biobank individuals of European (N = 313,514), African (N = 7800), East Asian (N = 2146), and South Asian (N = 8771) ancestries, respectively. We tested for interactions between the identified vQTL lead variants and 18 environmental, biological, or lifestyle factors, followed by multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 19 independent vQTL lead variants (P < 5 × 10^-8) in the European ancestry population. No vQTLs were identified in the non-European ancestry populations, likely because of limited sample sizes. A total of 32 interactions were detected with a false discovery rate <0.05. Although known gene-season of measurement interactions were confirmed, additional interactions were identified involving modifiable risk factors, including time spent outdoors and body mass index. The magnitudes of these interactions were consistent within each locus upon adjusting for the season of measurement and other covariates. We also identified a gene-sex interaction at a vQTL that implicates DHCR7. Integrating transcript- and protein-level evidence, we found that the sex-differentiated genetic associations may act through sex-biased expression of DHCR7 isoforms in skin tissues because of alternative splicing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through the lens of vQTLs, we identified additional gene-environment interactions affecting vitamin D status in addition to the season of measurement. These findings may provide new insights into the etiology of vitamin D deficiency and encourage personalized prevention and management of associated diseases for at-risk individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Health Diet Index in relation to mortality in a prospective cohort study of United States Black females.","authors":"Yifei Shan, Kimberly A Bertrand, Jessica L Petrick, Shanshan Sheehy, Julie R Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To improve both human health and the health of our planet, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed the planetary health diet (PHD).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate associations of PHD with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer-specific mortality among United States Black females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Black Women's Health Study is a prospective study of self-identified United States Black females. In 2001, 33,824 participants free of cancer and CVD completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. PHD Index (PHDI) was calculated based on reported consumption of 15 food groups, such as whole grains, nonstarchy vegetables, legumes, soy foods, added fat and trans fat, and red/processed meats. Deaths were identified through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by age and adjusted for smoking status, body mass index, and other CVD risk factors, was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for quintiles of PHDI in relation to all-cause, CVD-, and cancer-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 18 years of follow-up, we identified 3537 deaths, including 779 from CVD and 1625 from cancer. Females in the quintile representing the highest adherence to PHD were estimated to have an 18% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality [HR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 0.94] and 26% reduction in CVD-specific mortality (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.98), compared with those in the lowest quintile, with similar reductions observed for quintiles 2, 3, and 4. Among individuals under age 55, there was a significant trend of lower CVD mortality risk with a higher level of adherence to PHD (P_trend = 0.004), and the HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.87). PHDI was not associated with cancer-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to a diet that has been shown to benefit the planet was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Black females, primarily driven by a reduction in CVD-specific mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota may modify the association between dietary polyphenol intake and serum concentrations of hippuric acid: results from a 1-year longitudinal study in China.","authors":"Yutong Pan, Yang Yang, Zhaohong Peng, Wuqi Wang, Junyi Zhang, Guobing Sun, Fuyu Wang, Zixuan Zhu, Hongjuan Cao, Young Lyu, Zhuang Zhang, Wanshui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hippuric acid (HA), a host-microbe cometabolite, normally derives from gut microbial catabolism of dietary polyphenols.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the potential interplay between dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota on circulating HA concentrations and examined the associations between serum concentrations of HA and cardiometabolic risk markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 1-y cohort of 754 community-dwelling adults, serum HA and its precursor [benzoic acid (BA)], and fecal microbiota were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, respectively. Diet, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid concentrations were measured twice, 1 y apart. Arterial stiffness [indicated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index] and liver fat accumulation [indicated by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)] were measured after 1 y.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 27 microbial genera whose relative abundance was positively associated with serum HA concentrations (P_FDR < 0.05) and constructed a microbial score to reflect the overall HA-producing potential. In multivariate-adjusted linear models, dietary intake of catechins and chlorogenic acids was positively associated with serum HA concentrations among participants with a higher microbial score (β = 0.26, P = 0.03) but not among those with a lower score (β = -0.13, P = 0.30, P_interaction = 0.03). Participants with higher intake of dietary catechins and chlorogenic acids had lower triglyceride concentrations (Percentage change = -5.9%, P < 0.05). Each 1 μmol/L increase in serum HA, but not in BA, was associated with 5.7%, 1.5%, 1.7%, 1.7%, and 1.7% decrease in triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, baPWV, and CAP, respectively (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The gut microbial genera that predicted circulating HA concentrations might modify the association between dietary polyphenol intake and circulating HA concentrations, and elevated serum HA concentrations are favorably associated with multiple cardiometabolic risk markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Consumption, Additive Use, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes-Results from 3 Large Prospective United States Cohort Studies.","authors":"Matthias Henn, Andrea J Glenn, Walter C Willett, Miguel A Martínez-González, Qi Sun, Frank B Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consumption of coffee has been consistently associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether the use of additives may modify the association.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the association between coffee consumption and risk of T2D by considering the addition of sugar, artificial sweeteners, cream, or a nondairy coffee whitener.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used 3 large prospective cohorts-Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1986-2020), NHS II (1991-2020), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS 1991-2020). Self-reported coffee consumption, additive use, and T2D incidence were confirmed using validated questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with multivariable adjustment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 3,665,408 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,281 incident T2D cases. After multivariable adjustment, each additional cup of coffee without any additive was associated with 10% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.92) in the pooled analysis of the 3 cohorts. The inverse association did not change among participants who added cream. Among participants who added sugar to coffee (on average 1 teaspoon per cup), the association was significantly weakened (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97; interaction term HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27). A similar pattern was observed among those who used artificial sweeteners (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96; interaction term HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28). The association between coffee consumption and T2D risk among those who used coffee whitener was also attenuated, although the interaction was not significant (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00; interaction term HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.66, 2.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding sugar or artificial sweetener significantly attenuates the magnitude of the inverse association between higher coffee consumption and T2D risk, whereas the use of cream do not alter the inverse association.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma metabolomic signature of a proinflammatory diet in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Miao Long, Xikang Fan, Mian Wang, Xinyi Liu, Chengqu Fu, Jianv Huang, Yuefan Shen, Xueni Cheng, Pengfei Luo, Jian Su, Jinyi Zhou, Dong Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A proinflammatory diet has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying metabolic roles remain to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism between proinflammatory diet and breast cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 273,324 females from the UK Biobank. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed via an energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on a 24-h recall questionnaire. The plasma metabolome was profiled via high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A metabolic signature was constructed by summing selected metabolite concentrations weighted by the coefficients via absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to assess the associations of the E-DII and metabolic signature with breast cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We constructed a metabolic signature comprising 26 metabolites associated with a proinflammatory diet. These metabolites primarily included lipoproteins, amino acids, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Both the E-DII and metabolic signature were positively associated with breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest quintile with the lowest quintile: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.32; and 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.46, respectively]. Furthermore, we found that saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage and acetone concentration were positively associated (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.37; HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32, respectively), whereas the degree of unsaturation was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a metabolic signature that reflects a proinflammatory diet and is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating eating architecture and the impact of the precision of recorded eating time: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Francisca Ibacache, Kate Northstone, Mengxuan Zou, Laura Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The precision of recorded eating times directly affects the estimation of eating architecture, that is, size, timing, and frequency of eating. The impact of imprecise timing on estimates and associations of eating architecture with health remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We compared eating architecture variables derived from precise with those of broad timing methods and examined associations with anthropometric-related and diet-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data came from 3-d diet diaries of 7-y-old children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We derived mean size, timing, and frequency of eating, using exact times (precise, n = 4855) and midpoint meal slot times (broad, n = 7285). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated agreement between methods. Bland-Altman analysis determined mean difference and limits of agreement (LOAs). Correlations (95% CIs) estimated associations between eating architecture variables and anthropometric-related or diet-related traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Agreement varied from moderate to excellent for size (ICC: 0.75), last or first time (ICC: 0.80 or 0.58), and frequency (ICC: 0.43) of eating occasions. Broad times underestimated eating frequency (2.2 times/d; LOA: -1, 5) and overestimated size (83 g; LOA: -179, 13), last time (50 min; LOA: -142, 42), intermeal intervals (68 min; LOA: -126, -11), and eating window (49 min; LOA: -161, 63). Directions of eating architecture intercorrelations were consistent regardless of time precision but varied in magnitude, for example, larger eating occasion size correlated with lower eating frequency but was stronger with precise time (r_precise = -0.54; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.52; r_broad = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.27, -0.22). Correlations with anthropometric-related and diet-related outcomes were also directionally consistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Precise timing improves the estimation of eating architecture. Differences in estimation will affect descriptions of children's eating habits and possibly dietary guidance. However, consistent directional associations across timing methods suggest that broad times could provide a pragmatic method for investigating eating architecture associations in large samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Anne H Y Chu, Kehuan Lin, Helen Croker, Sarah Kefyalew, Georgios Markozannes, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Yikyung Park, John Krebs, Matty P Weijenberg, Monica L Baskin, Ellen Copson, Sarah J Lewis, Jacob C Seidell, Rajiv Chowdhury, Lynette Hill, Doris S M Chan, Dong Hoon Lee, Edward L Giovannucci","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While healthy dietary and lifestyle factors have been individually linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risks, recommendations for whole diet-lifestyle patterns remained unestablished due to limited studies and inconsistent pattern definitions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This updated review synthesized literature on dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk/mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase were searched through 31 March 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining adulthood dietary patterns combined with modifiable lifestyle factors such as adiposity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and/or others. Patterns were categorized by derivation methods: a priori, a posteriori, and a hybrid combining both; and were then descriptively reviewed for the primary outcomes: CRC risk or mortality. The Global Cancer Update Programme Expert Committee and Expert Panel independently graded the evidence on the likelihood of causality using pre-defined grading criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three observational studies were reviewed. 'Strong-probable' evidence was concluded for higher levels of alignment with the a priori-derived World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations score and lower CRC risk; and 'limited-suggestive' evidence for the American Cancer Society guidelines and Healthy Lifestyle Index with lower CRC risk (mainly due to concerns about risk of bias for confounding). A posteriori-derived patterns lack firm evidence (only one study). 'Strong-probable' evidence was concluded for higher levels of alignment with the Empirical Lifestyle Index for Hyperinsulinemia hybrid pattern and higher CRC risk. By cancer subsite, only the WCRF/AICR recommendations score showed 'strong-probable' evidence with lower colon cancer risk. All exposure-mortality pairs were graded 'limited-no conclusion'. The evidence for other pattern-outcome associations was graded as 'limited-no conclusion'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adopting a healthy pattern of diet, maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, and embracing health-conscious habits, such as avoiding tobacco and moderating alcohol, are collectively associated with a lower CRC risk. Healthy lifestyle habits are key to primary CRC prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}