American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Digital and Social Media Platform Use and Awareness of “The Real Cost” E-Cigarette Youth Prevention Campaign Ads Among U.S. Youth","authors":"Jamie Guillory PhD,&nbsp;Merrybelle Guo MPH,&nbsp;Anna MacMonegle MA,&nbsp;Elizabeth L. Petrun Sayers PhD,&nbsp;Leeann N. Siegel PhD,&nbsp;Allie Jaarsma MPP,&nbsp;Mihaela Johnson PhD,&nbsp;Annice Kim PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>For 10 years, “The Real Cost” has adapted to changing youth media use, with today’s strategy focused on digital and social media. This study explores media platform use among “The Real Cost” Youth E-Cigarette Prevention Campaign audience, including audience segment differences and the relationship between platform use and campaign awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from 2 waves of the campaign evaluation: baseline (<em>n</em>=5,257), collected in 2023, and first follow-up (<em>n</em>=4,067), collected in 2024 (data were analyzed in 2024 and 2025). The sample includes U.S. youth aged 11–17 years at baseline. Descriptive analyses explored the patterns of individual digital and social media platform use (e.g., YouTube, Instagram). Weighted bivariate analyses and chi-squares explored subgroup differences in platform use. Multivariable regressions were run for media use indices (any use, heavy use, frequency of use) with (1) demographic and tobacco use characteristics as independent variables and (2) campaign e-cigarette ad awareness (any awareness, frequency of awareness) as dependent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Almost all youth reported multiple platform use. The most commonly used platforms were also used most heavily. Older youth, youth reporting psychological distress, and youth who ever or currently used e-cigarettes had higher use (all media use indices) than referent groups. All indices were positively associated with any campaign ad awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Certain audience segments, including older youth and youth reporting e-cigarette use, consumed more media, suggesting ample opportunities to reach these segments efficiently. Airing the campaign on various media platforms reaches teens on the digital and social platforms where they spend time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model for 21st Century Public Health Education: FDA’s “The Real Cost” Youth Tobacco Prevention Campaigns","authors":"Anne Rancourt MPS,&nbsp;April Brubach MA","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00121-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00121-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148587770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Youth Awareness of “The Real Cost” Campaigns: An Audience Segmentation Analysis of Data From a Campaign Evaluation Study","authors":"Leeann N. Siegel PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Vincenzo F. Malo MSc,&nbsp;Allie Jaarsma MPP,&nbsp;Emily McDonald MPH,&nbsp;Anna MacMonegle MA,&nbsp;Nathaniel H. Taylor MPH,&nbsp;LeTonya Chapman MPH,&nbsp;Anh Nguyen Zarndt PhD,&nbsp;Lindsay Pitzer PHD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Public health campaigns should ensure that they reach all segments of intended audiences. This study examines whether awareness of Food and Drug Administration’s “The Real Cost” e-cigarette and cigarette prevention campaigns differs among segments of the national youth audience.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Follow-up data (collected in June–September 2024) from campaign evaluations were analyzed in 2025. Weighted means of brand awareness and awareness of e-cigarette and cigarette prevention advertisements were examined among all respondents (<em>n</em>=4,067) and among audience segments defined by sociodemographic and tobacco-related variables. F-tests were used to compare audience segment awareness to the grand mean. Logistic regression models were used to test for group differences, controlling for age and tobacco use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Half of the respondents reported brand awareness (mean=48.4%). Brand awareness was higher than the grand mean among youth aged 15–17 years; youth who reported another sexual orientation (other than straight, bisexual, or gay or lesbian); and youth in households earning ≥ $110,000 annually. Brand awareness was lower among Black, non-Hispanic youth, and youth aged 11–14 years. Most youth reported e-cigarette prevention ad awareness (mean=75.2%), with higher awareness among Hispanic youth and youth with mild or moderate psychological distress. Fewer youth reported cigarette prevention ad awareness (mean=44.6%), with higher awareness among youth reporting severe psychological distress and youth in households earning &lt;$30,000 annually. Unadjusted findings were consistent with findings from logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The campaigns are effectively reaching youth across audience segments. Continued awareness monitoring helps to ensure that tobacco prevention campaigns designed for a general youth audience promote healthy behaviors across their audience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional, Affective, and Cognitive Responses to the Food and Drug Administration’s “The Real Cost” Youth Cigarette and E-Cigarette Prevention Campaigns Among Young Adults","authors":"Caitlin Weiger PhD,&nbsp;Dana Tfayli MSPH,&nbsp;Maryam Ibrahim MHS,&nbsp;Jennifer A. McKneely DEng,&nbsp;Megan Vigorita MPH,&nbsp;Emily B. Peterson PhD,&nbsp;Meghan B. Moran PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Research using self-reported measures demonstrates that “The Real Cost” Youth Cigarette and E-Cigarette Prevention Campaigns affect tobacco-related beliefs, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behaviors. This study provides insights by assessing attentional, affective, and cognitive responses to ads from “The Real Cost” campaigns among U.S. young adults using non–self-report measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Attentional, affective, and cognitive responses (eye tracking, facial electromyography, electrodermal activity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and heart rate, collected from 2023 to 2024 and analyzed in 2024–2025) were measured during exposure to campaign ads in a Baltimore-area convenience sample of <em>n</em>=25 young adults who were susceptible to or experimenting with e-cigarettes and <em>n</em>=25 young adults who were susceptible to or experimenting with cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Faces generally attracted the most visual attention. All ads evoked increased cognitive activity associated with self-referential processing of the messages, and 2 e-cigarette campaign ads evoked cognitive activity associated with defensive processing. Heart rate decreased while watching most ads, indicating that participants devoted cognitive resources to message processing. Affective responses varied across ads.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Attentional, affective, and cognitive responses indicated a favorable response to campaign ads. Decreases in heart rate and increases in cognitive activity in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with message processing and message-consistent behavior change. Some of the e-cigarette ads but none of the cigarette ads elicited cognitive activity associated with defensive processing, potentially owing to young adult’s perceptions of e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes. More work will advance the understanding of the rationale for increases in activity associated with defensive processing in response to the e-cigarette ads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Youth Tobacco Prevention Ads: Meta-Analysis of a Decade’s Worth of Copy-Testing Data","authors":"Xiaoquan Zhao PhD,&nbsp;Emily B. Peterson PhD,&nbsp;Megan Vigorita MPH,&nbsp;Merrybelle Guo MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has launched multiple large-scale youth tobacco prevention campaigns since 2014. Prior to launching campaigns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts copy-testing studies with youth aged 12–17 years using an experimental design (ad exposure versus no ad control) to evaluate potential ad effects on 4 outcome measures: attitudes toward tobacco use and beliefs about negative health consequences, harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and addiction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A series of meta-analyses examined the difference between exposure and control groups for each of the 4 outcome measures across 10 copy-testing studies conducted from 2013 to 2020. Potential heterogeneity in these differences was explored by campaign, tobacco product, audience characteristic, and message theme. Analysis was performed in 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 42 ads were included in the analysis. The average effect size (Hedge’s g) across all ads was 0.446 (95% CI=0.312, 0.581) for attitude, 0.319 (95% CI=0.155, 0.483) for negative health consequence beliefs, 0.246 (95% CI=0.057, 0.436) for harmful and potentially harmful constituent beliefs, and 0.347 (95% CI=0.254, 0.441) for addiction beliefs. Larger effect sizes were observed for electronic cigarette ads than for ads for other products. Ads featuring harmful and potentially harmful constituent and addiction themes generated larger effect sizes on their respective targeted beliefs than ads that did not feature these themes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings of this study provide evidence that ads from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s tobacco prevention campaigns have the potential to positively influence relevant beliefs and attitudes among their intended youth audiences. Patterns of variation in effect sizes largely support the success of belief targeting in campaign development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclaimer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00244-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00244-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of expanding the adult pneumococcal vaccination recommendations to include adults aged 50 years and older in the United States.","authors":"Sofia Bletnitsky, Andrew J Leidner, Miwako Kobayashi, Bo Hyun-Cho, Charles Stoecker","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previously, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended pneumococcal vaccines for adults aged 19-64 with risk conditions and for all adults aged ≥65. Licensure of 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV21) targeting pneumococcal serotypes that commonly cause disease in adults led to consideration of an age-based program for adults aged ≥50 to improve implementation feasibility and achieve broader population protection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vaccination at age 50 was compared to the previous recommendation using 20-valent or 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV20 or PCV21). Two strategies were considered: (1) a single dose at age 50 vs. a single dose at age 65; and (2) one dose at age 50 and a second dose at age 65 vs. one dose at age 65. The single cohort model included pneumococcal disease incidence, mortality, vaccine efficacy, costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), using a limited societal perspective. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moving vaccination from age 65 to 50 years reduced pneumococcal disease burden among adults aged 50-64 years but increased burden among adults aged ≥65 years for PCV20 and PCV21. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $575,614 saved per QALY lost for PCV21, reflecting reduced costs but an increased disease burden. PCV20 was cost-saving in terms of cost per QALY gained, but indicated worse outcomes in terms of life years, deaths, cases, and hospitalizations. Two-dose vaccination at age 50 and 65 years improved all health outcomes but increased costs. The ICERs were $214,430/QALY gained for PCV21 and $546,811/QALY gained for PCV20.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine pneumococcal vaccination at both age 50 and age 65 years improved health outcomes but increased costs. PCV21 yielded more favorable values than PCV20 in most scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Reasons for Microdosing Cannabis, Psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA Among US Adults","authors":"Kevin H. Yang MD ,&nbsp;Nora Satybaldiyeva PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Wayne Kepner PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Joseph Friedman MD, PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Siyuan Ping BS ,&nbsp;Eric C. Leas PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Microdosing involves consuming low doses of psychoactive substances, typically 1/5th to 1/20th of a recreational dose. Despite increasing public attention to cannabis and psychedelics amid evolving drug policies, epidemiological data on microdosing remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, web-based survey (Characterizing the Epidemiology of Cannabidiol Use Survey) of 1,525 US adults was conducted in October-November 2023 and analyzed in 2024-2025 using Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Participants reported lifetime microdosing of cannabis, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Lifetime prevalence, frequency, and reasons for microdosing were assessed, along with associations with demographics, mental health, quality of life, and cannabis and psychedelic policy environments. Survey weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cannabis was the most commonly microdosed substance <strong>(</strong>9.4%; 95% CI=8.0, 10.7; 24.1 million adults), followed by psilocybin (5.3%; 95% CI=4.3, 6.3; 13.7 million adults), LSD (4.8%; 95% CI=3.8, 5.9; 12.4 million adults), and MDMA (2.2%; 95% CI=1.5, 2.9; 5.7 million adults). Cannabis (41.2%; 95% CI=33.3, 49.5) was primarily microdosed for medical purposes (e.g., “to manage pain”), while psilocybin (66.6%; 95% CI=56.9, 75.1), LSD (59.2%; 95% CI=46.5, 70.8) and MDMA (86.0%; 95% CI=68.8, 94.5) were more commonly microdosed for recreational purposes (e.g., “to get less high”). Across all substances, lifetime microdose use was more prevalent among respondents reporting poorer mental health and among those residing in jurisdictions permitting recreational cannabis use and decriminalized psychedelic possession.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite remaining illegal at the federal level, a considerable number of US adults reported microdosing cannabis, psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA in their lifetime. Microdosing was associated with poorer mental health and was more common among respondents who lived in environments with fewer restrictions on the use of cannabis and psychedelics. As policy reforms continue to expand, microdosing prevalence may increase, making ongoing surveillance essential for evidence-based public health responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"71 4","pages":"Article 108381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00212-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0749-3797(26)00212-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"70 5","pages":"Article 108469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}