American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Trends and Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors for Birth Defects Among U.S. Women of Reproductive Age: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to March 2020.","authors":"Arick Wang, Lauren H Zauche, Krista S Crider, Cara T Mai, Yan Ping Qi, Lorraine F Yeung, Jennifer L Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital heart defects, orofacial clefts, and neural tube defects share similar modifiable risk factors. The prevalence and trends of risk factors for these selected birth defects were assessed among nonpregnant, nonlactating women of reproductive age (aged 12-49 years) in the U.S.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-March 2020 were analyzed in fall 2024. Demographics, BMI, household food security, folic acid supplement use, usual intake of dietary folate and vitamin B12, concentrations for serum and red blood cell folate, serum vitamin B12, serum cotinine (smoking exposure), and diabetes status were reported. Weighted percentages of prevalence of risk factors with 95% CIs were calculated using the survey package in R to account for clustered sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,374 women of reproductive age, approximately 66.4% (95% CI=64.3, 68.4) had at least 1 known modifiable risk factor: 6.7% (95% CI=5.7, 7.6) reported very low food security, 33.8% (95% CI=32.2, 35.4) had obesity, 4.8% (95% CI=4.0, 5.5) had diabetes, 18.8% (95% CI=17.2, 20.4) had smoking exposure, and 19.5% (95% CI=17.8, 21.1) had red blood cell folate concentrations below the threshold (748 nmol/L) for optimal neural tube defect prevention. Over the time studied, the percentage of women of reproductive age with at least 1 risk factor rose from 65.3% (95% CI=62.1, 68.4) to 69.5% (95% CI=65.4, 73.9; p=0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Approximately 2 of 3 women of reproductive age in the U.S. have pre-existing modifiable risk factors for birth defects. Implementation of preconception health care could help reduce the prevalence of known risk factors and improve birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Health: The MESA and MASALA Studies.","authors":"Saaniya Farhan, Laura A Colangelo, Abigail Marie Gauen, Nilay S Shah, Alka M Kanaya, Kiarri N Kershaw, Michael P Bancks, Sameera Talegawkar, Luis A Rodriguez, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B Allen, Rachel Zmora","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research suggests chronic stress is associated with individual cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics (e.g., physical activity and diet quality); however, the association between chronic stress and overall CVH is less well understood. Further, minoritized racial and ethnic groups experience a disproportionate stress burden. Therefore, this study assessed the association between chronic stress and CVH within two racially and ethnically diverse cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized pooled data from 7978 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) studies collected between 2000-2011 and 2010-2018, respectively. The associations between chronic stress and the cross-sectional and annualized change in Life's Essential Eight CVH score, excluding sleep, (range 0-100), were assessed using linear regression to adjust for sociodemographic factors. Anxiety, depression, and social support were assessed as potential moderators of this association. Analyses were repeated using individual CVH metrics as the outcome. Analyses were conducted in 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In cross-sectional analyses, individuals with high chronic stress had a 2.7-point lower (-2.71, 95% CI = -3.46, -1.95) CVH score compared to individuals with no chronic stress after adjustment. No association between chronic stress and annualized change in CVH score was observed. Additionally, there was no moderation by anxiety, depression, or social support.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated chronic stress is adversely associated with concurrent CVH. These results highlight the important relationship between chronic stress and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Opioid Epidemic as an Environmental Injustice","authors":"Jerel M. Ezell PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conceptual link between racial disparities in opioid use–related deaths and environmental justice, a valuable socioecologic paradigm for contextualizing how racial vulnerabilities are ecologically forged, has not been duly explored. Exploring and filling this gap, this article highlights four primary ways through which racial disparities in opioid use manifest as a matter of environmental (in)justice, namely in terms of (1) distributive justice (elevated availability and criminalization of opioids in racially minoritized communities), (2) capability justice (limited access to or uptake of mental health treatment, buprenorphine providers, and harm reduction resources in said communities), (3) recognitional justice (disproportionate placement of eyesore treatment and harm reduction sites in said communities), and (4) procedural justice (biocolonial exploitation and commodification of Indigenous plants and Chinese/Asian opium). In delineating the various modes of community and individual-level deprivation that are implicated, this article arrives at a socioecologic model focused on characterizing and addressing the environmental injustice perpetrated through opioid distribution, use, and management in racially minoritized spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare and non-healthcare costs: youth with diabetes and food insecurity.","authors":"Alice M Ellyson, Jason A Mendoza, Angela D Liese, Ashley Tabah, Traci A Bekelman, A Caroline Rudisill, Dana Dabelea, Edward A Frongillo, Catherine Pihoker, Faisal S Malik, Davene R Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study prospectively evaluated the association of household food insecurity and acute care costs and productivity loss in youth and young adults (YYA) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cohort study included 1,256 YYA with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Food Security Study with data collected at three time points between 2015-2022. Both household food insecurity (HFI, measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module) and costs (measured using survey responses on utilization and productivity losses) were self-reported by young adult participants or caregivers of adolescents. The relationship between HFI and costs was analyzed using generalized adjusted linear regression. We also analyzed the moderating role of continuous health insurance coverage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each additional 1-point increase in the HFI score was associated with a $1,077 (95%CI= [663, 1,491]) increase in measured 12-month costs. Costs were $4,384 (95%CI=[2,635, 6,133]) higher in households that were experiencing HFI versus those who were not. Youth and young adults with continuous health insurance coverage saw smaller increases in costs ($864, 95%CI=[461, 1,267]) compared to those without continuous coverage ($1,820, 95%CI=[379, 3,261]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found a positive association between HFI and costs for YYA with diabetes, and this relationship was modified by continuous health insurance coverage. Future work should use linked claims and electronic health record data to better inform efforts aiming to reduce HFI burden and improve the continuity of insurance coverage for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity Losses From Nonfatal Injuries in the U.S.","authors":"Ramesh Ghimire PhD,&nbsp;Cora Peterson PhD,&nbsp;Curtis Florence PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Information on productivity losses due to nonfatal injuries is limited. This study estimated annual productivity losses attributable to nonfatal injuries among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years in 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Productivity losses attributable to nonfatal injuries were estimated using the human capital approach. Various data sources, including the 2021 and 2023 National Health Interview Surveys and published literature, were used to estimate the cost of absenteeism, presenteeism, inability to work, and household productivity loss attributable to these injuries. All costs were estimated for 2023, and all analyses were conducted in 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2023, the total annual cost of productivity losses attributable to nonfatal injuries among U.S. adults was $25.15 billion (prediction interval=$10.29–$43.95 billion). Of this amount, absenteeism accounted for $8.95 billion (prediction interval=$4.92–$14.21 billion), representing 36% of the total; presenteeism contributed $6.33 billion (prediction interval=$2.74–$11.10 billion) or 25%; inability to work resulted in costs of $9.67 billion (prediction interval=$2.54–$18.32 billion) or 38%; and household productivity loss totaled $0.20 billion (prediction interval=$0.10–$0.32 billion), which is nearly 1% of the overall cost.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The annual cost of productivity losses from nonfatal injuries among U.S. adults is substantial as of 2023. Public health strategies that reduce nonfatal injuries can create cost-savings for the U.S. economy by avoiding preventable work and personal time losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buprenorphine Dispensation After X-Waiver Elimination by Clinician Specialty","authors":"Elizabeth M. Stone PhD ,&nbsp;Fangzhou Xie MA ,&nbsp;Jennifer Miles PhD ,&nbsp;Hillary Samples PhD ,&nbsp;Mark Olfson MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Stephen Crystal PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Elimination of the X-waiver, which required clinicians to complete additional registration to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, removed one barrier to treatment. This study examined the association of the X-waiver elimination with buprenorphine dispensations by clinician specialty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription data, patients with 15 or more days of dispensed buprenorphine supply each month from May 2021 to December 2024 were identified. Interrupted time series analyses (conducted in 2025) examined changes in monthly counts of clinicians associated with dispensations and patients, overall and stratified by clinician specialty.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, 189,771 clinicians dispensed buprenorphine to 2,699,441 patients. X-waiver elimination was associated with significant increases in the number of clinicians associated with dispensed buprenorphine prescriptions overall (change in level= 1,626 clinicians; 95% CI=577, 2,674; <em>p</em>&lt;0.01; change in slope: 15 clinicians per month, 95% CI=13, 18, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) and across all specialties. X-waiver elimination was associated with a decrease in the number of patients with buprenorphine dispensations in January 2023 overall (change in level= −24,104 patients; 95% CI= −40,010, −8,198; <em>p</em>&lt;0.01) and from all clinician groups except behavioral health physicians. Decreasing monthly rates of patients with buprenorphine dispensed by behavioral health physicians slowed after X-waiver elimination; monthly rates of buprenorphine patients with dispensations from primary care providers increased after (versus before) the policy change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although the number of clinicians associated with dispensed buprenorphine prescriptions after X-waiver elimination increased across all clinician types, patient-level gains associated with X-waiver elimination were limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kind Kids, Healthy Teens: Child Prosociality and Fruit and Vegetable Intake","authors":"Farah Qureshi ScD ,&nbsp;Krista P. Woodward MPH, MSW ,&nbsp;Laura D. Kubzansky PhD ,&nbsp;Julia K. Boehm PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.107965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prosocial behaviors (i.e., being kind, caring, and cooperative) are believed to shape health and well-being starting in childhood. Yet, limited research has examined their long-term impact on health outcomes later in life. This study examined associations between childhood prosocial behaviors and fruit and vegetable consumption patterns across adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study (N=6,265). Caregivers reported children’s prosocial behaviors using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 5 (2005–2007), 7 (2007–2009), and 11 (2011–2013) years. In 2024, Poisson regression was conducted to assess the associations between prosocial behaviors at age 5 years and sustained healthy levels of self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption across ages 14 (2014–2016) and 17 (2017–2019) years, defined as eating ≥2 portions of each daily. To evaluate heterogeneity by developmental stage, secondary analyses considered associations with prosocial behaviors at ages 7 and 11 years. All analyses adjusted for relevant confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>More engagement in prosocial behaviors at age 5 years was associated with a greater likelihood of sustaining healthy fruit and vegetable consumption over time (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD=1.14; 95% CI=1.02, 1.27). Comparable associations were observed with prosocial behaviors at ages 7 (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD=1.12; 95% CI=1.03, 1.23) and 11 (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD=1.13; 95% CI=1.03, 1.24) years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater engagement in prosocial behaviors was related to healthy fruit and vegetable consumption patterns across adolescence with comparable associations when prosocial behaviors were measured at ages 5, 7, and 11 years. These findings suggest fostering prosociality throughout childhood may be a novel intervention strategy to promote healthy eating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 4","pages":"Article 107965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribal Marijuana Possession Laws: Prohibition to Legalization Among Native American Nations","authors":"Todd Ebling PhD ,&nbsp;Mark Hall JD ,&nbsp;Jessica King Jensen PhD ,&nbsp;Sunday Azagba PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Amid the significant evolution of marijuana policy in the U.S., with numerous states adopting more permissive regulations, a notable gap exists in understanding how American Indian/Alaska Native tribes govern marijuana within tribal jurisdictions. This study aims to systematically document the legal status of marijuana possession in tribal laws.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An archive of tribal possession laws was compiled as of January 2025 using the National Indian Law Library’s Tribal Laws Gateway database, and this was supplemented with internet searches of tribal websites. The retrieved legal documents were then classified into 4 groups: prohibited, decriminalized, medically permitted, and recreationally permitted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the marijuana possession laws of 185 tribes, ranging from strict prohibitions with varying penalties to decriminalization, medical legalization, and recreational legalization with diverse policy frameworks. Whereas some tribes had policies aligned with surrounding state laws, others maintained distinct policies that diverged from both state and federal regulations. Marijuana possession remained illegal in many tribes; 16 tribes decriminalized possession, 38 permitted only medical marijuana, and 78 legalized recreational marijuana<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This legal mapping of tribal approaches to marijuana possession provides a novel understanding of the topography and extent of tribal marijuana regulation. It highlights the intricate regulatory environment shaped by tribal sovereignty and state and federal factors. The observed variability shows the need for clear federal guidelines that respect tribal self-governance and support the development of culturally appropriate regulatory frameworks tailored to the unique needs of tribal communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prepregnancy Stressful Life Events and Perinatal Mental Health Disorders From Pregnancy to 3 Years After Childbirth: An Observational Study","authors":"Songtao Wu BMed ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang BMed ,&nbsp;Hui Wang MMed ,&nbsp;Jiyue Dai BMed ,&nbsp;Weijie Ding MMed ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zhu BMed ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Xu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The associations of prepregnancy stressful life events with perinatal mental health disorders at multiple time points are not fully understood. This study aims to assess the associations of prepregnancy stressful life events with occurrences of maternal mental health disorders from pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study included 1,994 women who had experienced childbirth from July 2020 to June 2021 in Huai’an, China, on the basis of the Grandmothers, Mothers, and Their Children’s Health study. Participants’ stressful life events 1 year before pregnancy included conflict with partners and family members; physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; deaths of friends or relatives; and financial stress. Maternal mental health disorders (including anxiety and depression) were determined during pregnancy and 1 year and 3 years after childbirth. Modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the associations, and the Shapley method was used to estimate the relative contributions of specific stressors. Data were collected during 2020–2023 and were analyzed during July 2024–February 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 602 (30.2%) participants experienced prepregnancy stressful life events; 494 (24.8%), 432 (21.7%), and 240 (12.0%) participants were screened for mental health disorders during pregnancy, 1 year after childbirth, and 3 years after childbirth, respectively. Prepregnancy stressful life events were associated with 2.20-fold (95% CI=1.90, 2.56), 2.07-fold (95% CI=1.76, 2.43), and 2.98-fold (95% CI=2.34, 3.79) increased risks of maternal mental health disorders during pregnancy, 1 year after childbirth, and 3 years after childbirth, respectively. The associations were more evident for comorbid anxiety and depression as well as for persistent maternal mental health disorders. Financial stress and family conflicts were primary contributors to perinatal maternal mental health disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prepregnancy stressful life events were associated with maternal mental health disorders from pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth. Financial stress and family conflicts were primary contributors to these associations. These findings highlight the importance of consistent mental health monitoring during pregnancy and during the years after childbirth, particularly among those who experience stressful life events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater Appeal and Greater Harm? Young Adults’ Preference for Menthol Versus Nonmenthol Very-Low-Nicotine Cigarettes in a Cross-Over Trial","authors":"Amy M. Cohn PhD ,&nbsp;Summer Frank-Pearce PhD ,&nbsp;Hoda Elmasry MPH ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Denlinger-Apte PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Ratnapriya Ghosh MHP ,&nbsp;Eric C. Donny PhD ,&nbsp;Andrea C. Villanti PhDMPH ,&nbsp;Dorothy K. Hatsukami PhD ,&nbsp;Delaney Dunn PhD ,&nbsp;Riley Wyatt MS ,&nbsp;Taylor G. Niznik BS ,&nbsp;Michael A. Smith MS, MPH ,&nbsp;Alexa Brown BS ,&nbsp;Clark Gilford JR, MPH ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Joslin BA ,&nbsp;Madelyne Wilson BA ,&nbsp;Sarah J. Ehlke PhD ,&nbsp;Rachel N. Cassidy PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed rulemaking to reduce cigarette nicotine content and ban menthol in cigarettes. Menthol is popular among young adults who smoke, although it is unclear how this group would respond if both policies were implemented.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 112 young adults who smoke menthol cigarettes completed 3 visits that varied by cigarette smoked (2021–2024): usual brand menthol, menthol very-low-nicotine cigarette (0.3 mg nicotine/g tobacco), and nonmenthol very-low-nicotine cigarette. Very-low-nicotine cigarette flavor order was counterbalanced. Subjective response and smoking topography were assessed at each session as well as pre–post smoking measurements of expired carbon monoxide, cigarette weight, cardiovascular effects, nicotine withdrawal, and craving. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to examine differences in the outcomes across cigarette type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total smoking duration, interpuff interval, and puff count were higher for usual brand than for both very-low-nicotine cigarette smoking. Interpuff interval was higher in menthol very-low-nicotine cigarette smoking than nonmenthol. Usual brand was more appealing than both very-low-nicotine cigarettes and led to greater increases in carbon monoxide and cardiovascular effects and decreased postsmoking cigarette weight and craving compared with both very-low-nicotine cigarettes. Menthol very-low-nicotine cigarettes produced more positive subjective responses, higher carbon monoxide, and lower postsmoking cigarette weight and craving than nonmenthol.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Participants preferred menthol over nonmenthol very-low-nicotine cigarettes, although very-low-nicotine cigarettes were less appealing than usual brand, overall. Despite similar topography across very-low-nicotine cigarette flavors, toxicant exposure and craving were greater and lower, respectively, after menthol than after nonmenthol very-low-nicotine cigarette smoking. Findings support the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s proposals to ban menthol cigarettes and institute market-wide reductions in cigarette nicotine content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}