American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Patients as Consumers: Reflections on the FDA's New Rule on Direct-to-Consumer Advertising","authors":"Lily Johns BA , Briana Mezuk PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 210-214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban–Rural Differences in Acute Kidney Injury Mortality in the United States","authors":"Fang Xu PhD,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Miyamoto MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ibrahim Zaganjor PhD,&nbsp;Stephen Onufrak PhD,&nbsp;Ryan Saelee PhD,&nbsp;Alain K. Koyama ScD,&nbsp;Meda E. Pavkov MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality. AKI-related mortality trends by U.S. urban and rural counties were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the cross-sectional study, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) Multiple Cause of Death data, age-standardized mortality with AKI as the multiple cause was obtained among adults aged ≥25 years from 2001−2020, by age, sex, race and ethnicity, stratified by urban-rural counties. Joinpoint regressions were used to assess trends from 2001−2019 in AKI-related mortality rate. Pairwise comparison was used to compare mean differences in mortality between urban and rural counties from 2001−2019.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2001−2020, age-standardized AKI-related mortality was consistently higher in rural than urban counties. AKI-related mortality (per 100,000 population) increased from 18.95 in 2001 to 29.46 in 2020 in urban counties and from 20.10 in 2001 to 38.24 in 2020 in rural counties. In urban counties, AKI-related mortality increased annually by 4.6% during 2001−2009 and decreased annually by 1.8% until 2019 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001). In rural counties, AKI-related mortality increased annually by 5.0% during 2001−2011 and decreased by 1.2% until 2019 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.01). The overall urban-rural difference in AKI-related mortality was greater after 2009−2011. AKI-related mortality was significantly higher among older adults, men, and non-Hispanic Black adults than their counterparts in both urban and rural counties. Higher mortality was concentrated in rural counties in the Southern United States.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to increase AKI awareness and implement strategies to reduce AKI-related mortality in rural and high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-COVID Respiratory Infections Related Emergency Room Visits Among Autistic Adults in the United States","authors":"Hussaini Zandam PhD,&nbsp;Ian Moura MA,&nbsp;Ilhom Akobirshoev PhD,&nbsp;Monika Mitra PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This is a retrospective study that examines the risk of non-COVID-19 respiratory infection (RI)-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among autistic adults. The study compares these findings to non-autistic adults using the 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data were analyzed in 2022 using the ICD-10-CM codes to extract 46,996 case records that included an autism diagonosis matched by age and sex (140,997) records that did not include an autism diagnosis in a 1:3 case-control ratio. Respiratory infections were also identified using the ICD-10-CM codes and classified by type. Logistic regression models were conducted for the likelihood of presenting with respiratory infections to the emergency department and subsequent hospitalization. All models were adjusted for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Autistic adults were more likely to present with any type of respiratory infection at the emergency department (AOR=1.83, CI=1.69–2.42), lower respiratory infections (AOR=1.37, CI=1.09–1.50), and pneumonia (AOR=2.42, CI=1.98–2.47) compared to non-autistic adults.. They were also more likely to be hospitalized from respiratory infection during emergency department visits (AOR=3.87, CI=3.21–4.30), including upper respiratory infections and lower respiratory infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Individuals with autism were more likely to experience emergency department visits and hospitalizations because of respiratory infections than individuals without autism. Amid growing evidence of the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the autistic population, the study findings highlight a broader, pre-existing burden of respiratory infections among adults with autism in the U.S. that extend beyond the recent pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Fatal Police Shootings: The Roles of Social Vulnerability, Race, and Place in the U.S.","authors":"Hossein Zare MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Andrea N. Ponce MPH ,&nbsp;Rebecca Valek MSPH ,&nbsp;Niloufar Masoudi MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Daniel Webster PhD ,&nbsp;Roland J. Thorpe Jr. PhD ,&nbsp;Michelle Spencer MS ,&nbsp;Cassandra Crifasi PhD ,&nbsp;Darrell Gaskin MS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Social vulnerability, race, and place are three important predictors of fatal police shootings. This research offers the first assessment of these factors at the zip code level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 2015–2022 Mapping Police Violence and Washington Post Fatal Force Data (2015–2022) were used and combined with the American Community Survey (2015–2022). The social vulnerability index (SVI) was computed for each zip code by using indicators suggested by CDC, then categorized into low-, medium-, and high-SVI. The analytical file included police officers who fatally shot 6,901 individuals within 32,736 zip codes between 2015 and 2022. Negative Binomial Regression (NBRG) models were run to estimate the association between number of police shootings and zip code SVI, racial composition, and access to guns using 2015-2022 data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Moving from low-SVI to high-SVI revealed the number of fatal police shootings increased 8.3 times, with the highest increases in Blacks (20.4 times), and Hispanics (27.1 times). The NBRG showed that moderate-, and high-SVI zip codes experienced higher fatal police shootings by 1.97, and 3.26 times than low-SVI zip codes; zip code racial composition, working age population, number of violent crimes, number of police officers and access to a gun, were other predictors of fatal police shootings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Social vulnerability and racial composition of a zip code are associated with fatal police shooting, both independently and when considered together. What drives deadly police shootings in the United States is not one single factor, but rather complex interactions between social-vulnerability, race, and place that must be tackled synchronously. Action must be taken to address underlying determinants of disparities in policing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Deterrent Effects of Ignition Interlock Devices","authors":"Robert Zeithammer PhD ,&nbsp;James Macinko PhD ,&nbsp;Diana Silver PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Ignition interlock devices installed after conviction for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) have been shown to reduce subsequent DUI arrests (specific deterrence). However, there is little evidence on how interlock-device penalties might affect general deterrence, that is, deterring people from driving after consuming alcohol prior to a DUI conviction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A discrete choice experiment was conducted and data were analyzed in 2023 with 583 U.S.-based adults who consume alcohol at least once in the past week to assess the deterrent effects of five different penalties (fine, jail time, interlock device, license suspension, alcohol treatment) for alcohol-impaired driving under randomized sequential scenarios of high (20% chance of being caught) and low (1%) police enforcement. Participants resided in 46 states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Deterrent effects of an interlock penalty, operationalized as having to install an interlock device for 1 year, are large and on par with a 20-fold increase in police enforcement activity (from 1% chance of being caught to 20%), or a $2,000 increase in the DUI fine under the status quo enforcement regime. On average, a 1-year interlock penalty had the same deterrent effect as a 10-day increase in jail time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Wider use of interlock devices as a DUI penalty could have large deterrent effects, independent of their ability to physically prevent the motor vehicle of an intoxicated driver from starting. The deterrent effect documented here adds to evidence on interlock devices’ overall effectiveness as well as their potential to shift DUI penalties away from criminalization (jail time) and toward immobilization and rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Edward D. Shin MD ,&nbsp;Jennifer Liu MPH ,&nbsp;Howard Moffet MPH ,&nbsp;Martha Gulati MD, MS ,&nbsp;Salim S. Virani MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Karter PhD ,&nbsp;Stephen Sidney MD ,&nbsp;Jamal S. Rana MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial and Structural Correlates of Tobacco Use Among Black Young Adults","authors":"Wura Jacobs PhD ,&nbsp;Weisiyu Abraham Qin MPH ,&nbsp;Ann O. Amuta-Jimenez PhD ,&nbsp;Ashley L. Merianos PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>U.S.- and foreign-born Black young adults often have different cultural backgrounds and experiences that can an affect the types of, extent of, and response to the psychosocial stressors encountered. This study examined whether psychosocial and structural stressors are similarly related to any and polytobacco (i.e., 2 or more tobacco products) use among subgroups of Black young adults in the U.S.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross sectional data were collected in 2023 from 445 Black young adults (aged 18–25 years) in the U.S. Stratified regression models were used to examine the association of psychosocial (mental health adversity, race-related adversity, concerns about societal issues) and structural (food insecurity and housing insecurity) stressors with past 6-month any and polytobacco use among U.S.- and foreign-born Black young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Race-related adversity was associated with higher odds of polytobacco use (than odds of nonuse) among both U.S.- (AOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.06, 1.74) and foreign- (AOR=2.18, 95% CI=1.18, 4.03) born Black young adults. Food insecurity was associated with higher odds of polytobacco use among foreign-born Black young adults (AOR=1.92, 95% CI=1.13, 3.27) and any tobacco use among both U.S.- (AOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.04, 1.79) and foreign- (AOR=1.47, 95% CI=1.01, 2.17) born Black young adults. However, concern about societal issues was associated with reduced odds of polytobacco use in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In all models, experiences of racism and discrimination (race-related adversity) were linked to higher odds of polytobacco use, whereas concern about societal issues was protective. However, there were nativity differences in the association of food insecurity with any and polytobacco use. Findings support the need for culturally/ethnically conscious tobacco prevention strategies that address the underlying psychosocial and structural drivers of tobacco use among Black young adult subgroups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Exercise Program Participation and Hospitalization of Older Adults","authors":"Donald S. Wright MD, MHS ,&nbsp;Bin Zhou MS ,&nbsp;Catherine X. Wright MD ,&nbsp;Robert S. Axtell PhD ,&nbsp;Abeel Mangi MD ,&nbsp;Basmah Safdar MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Government and insurance sponsored exercise programs have demonstrated decreased hospitalizations, but it is unclear if this is the case for self-referred programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2020, older adults who participated for at least three months at a community-based exercise center (participants) were compared with those who did not (nonparticipants). Each completed a baseline physical assessment and periodic reassessments thereafter. These data were paired with regional hospital data and a national mortality database. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed from 2020 to 2023. Survival to all-cause hospitalization was assessed with a priori subgroup comparison by gender and cox proportional hazard modeling by age, gender, and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 718 adults, mean age 69.5 years (SD 8.4), with 411 (57.2%) participants and 307 nonparticipants. Mean follow-up was 26.7 months. Participants had similar baseline measures of fitness (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05) but were more likely to be retired and less likely to have diabetes or prior stroke than nonparticipants. Sustained participation was associated with a reduced rate of all-cause hospitalization (9.0% vs. 12.7%, <em>p</em>=0.02), even when adjusted (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34, 0.87, <em>p</em>=0.01). This decrease was noted only in women (<em>p</em>=0.03) but not in men (<em>p</em>=0.49), gender was nonsignificant after adjustment for comorbidities (<em>p</em>=0.15).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exercise program participation was independently associated with decreased risk of all-cause hospitalization, with possible differential effects by gender. Further randomized trials of the benefits of personalized exercise programs are warranted to assess sex- and gender-specific effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease Intervention Specialist-Delivered Interventions and Other Partner Services for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review","authors":"Erika G. Martin PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Arzana Myderrizi MA ,&nbsp;Heeun Kim MA ,&nbsp;Patrick Schumacher MPH ,&nbsp;Soyun Jeong MS ,&nbsp;Thomas L. Gift PhD ,&nbsp;Angela B. Hutchinson PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kevin P. Delaney PhD ,&nbsp;Harrell W. Chesson PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Disease intervention specialists (DIS) are critical for delivering partner services programs that provide partner notification, counseling, referral, and other services for HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other infections. This systematic review of partner services and other DIS-delivered interventions for HIV and STIs was conducted to summarize the effectiveness of these programs and identify evidence gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review was conducted with a narrative synthesis. Articles were located using keyword searches in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest through December 2022 and analyzed in 2023–2024. Included studies addressed an intervention of partner services or other DIS-delivered services for HIV or STIs; a United States setting; primary data collection; and an external comparison group or pre-post design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,915 unique records were screened for eligibility, with 30 studies included. Overall, DIS-delivered interventions improved clinical outcomes among index patients and population outcomes. Many studies focused on program process measures rather than population-level epidemiologic outcomes. All but one studies were scored as having low or medium strength of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The evidence could be strengthened by establishing a streamlined set of core metrics, assessing impact using rigorous causal inference methodologies, linking program and clinical data systems, and supplementing impact evaluations with evidence on implementation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 182-203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Burden and Outcomes of Firearm Injuries in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2020","authors":"Gozienna Okeke BS ,&nbsp;Mahrukh Sana BA ,&nbsp;Erfan Faridmoayer MD ,&nbsp;Panos Kougias MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Sherene E. Sharath PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Firearm-related injuries (FRIs) are serious but a preventable public health issue. The objective of this study was to describe FRI inpatient costs by (1) patient insurance payer type and (2) hospital safety-net mix.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>FRIs were identified using International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes in the National Inpatient Sample. All admissions between 2003 and 2020 were included. The primary outcome was consumer-price index adjusted inpatient stay costs. Mixed effects generalized linear regressions, with a random intercept at the hospital level, were used to describe costs. Analyses were sample weighted and performed between 2023 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 538,795 FRIs, the median age was 27 years (interquartile range: 21–37 years). Injuries by payer type were highest among self-pay (280,161; 39%), followed by Medicaid (182,716; 34%), private (113,650; 21%), and Medicare (30,110; 6%). Inflation-adjusted costs of FRI stays totaled $15.2 billion, with $6.2 billion from Medicaid and $5 billion from the self-pay group. After 2014, FRI incidence declined among self-pay/no-charge patients and increased among Medicaid-covered patients—representing a 127% total increase in Medicaid costs from $169 million in 2003 to $753 million in 2020. Among moderate-high and high safety-net mix hospitals, costs increased from $257 million in 2003 to $567 million in 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence and costs of FRIs among Medicaid-insured has substantially increased since 2003. Importantly, these increased costs are disproportionately placed on disadvantaged patients and safety-net hospitals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}