American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Challenges to the Affordable Care Act: No-Cost Coverage of Cancer Screening","authors":"Jessica Star MA, MPH, Xuesong Han PhD, K. Robin Yabroff PhD, MBA, Priti Bandi PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 828-834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Changes in Fatal Violence Against Women After Bail Reform in New Jersey","authors":"Taylor Riley PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Avanti Adhia ScD ,&nbsp;Sandhya Kajeepeta PhD ,&nbsp;Jessica T. Simes PhD ,&nbsp;Jaquelyn L. Jahn PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cash bail reforms that end pretrial detention owing to the inability to afford bail have been highly debated across the U.S. A major concern cited by bail reform opponents is that reducing pretrial detention will increase community violence, particularly violence against women. The objective of this study was to assess whether New Jersey's cash bail reform was associated with changes in rates of fatal violence against women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used synthetic control methods to evaluate the impact of bail reform on the rates of fatal violence against women in New Jersey compared with that in a weighted combination of 21 control states with no bail reform from 2015–2019. Outcome data were from the National Violent Death Reporting System and included intimate partner violence–related homicides, pregnancy-associated homicides, and overall homicides of adult women. Outcomes were measured for all adult women and within racialized groups. Analyses were performed in 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant changes in the rates of intimate partner violence–related homicide (average treatment effect on the treated= −0.11 deaths per 100,000 women, <em>p</em>=0.1), pregnancy-associated homicide (0.28 deaths per 100,000 births, <em>p</em>=0.8), and overall homicide (−0.03 deaths per 100,000, <em>p</em>=0.1) during the postpolicy period. There were also no significant changes within racialized groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Violence against women and mass incarceration are urgent and interconnected public health crises. These findings demonstrate the potential for policies to reduce the number of people incarcerated before trial without increasing fatal violence against women. Addressing these public health crises requires holistic structural interventions, such as housing and economic support, that reduce violence without criminalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 784-793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Childhood Vaccination Coverage and Patterns by Rural–Urban Commuting Area","authors":"Sophia R. Newcomer PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Y. Michels MPH ,&nbsp;Alexandria N. Albers MPH, MS ,&nbsp;Rain E. Freeman MPH ,&nbsp;Christina L. Clarke MS ,&nbsp;Jason M. Glanz PhD ,&nbsp;Matthew F. Daley MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>National surveillance efforts have reported rural–urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serial, cross-sectional analyses of National Immunization Survey-Child restricted-use data collected in 2015–2021 for U.S. children born 2014–2018 were conducted. ZIP code of residence was merged with rural–urban commuting area codes. Vaccination coverage and patterns, including on-time receipt of recommended vaccines, were assessed using vaccinations recorded from birth through age 23 months. To determine whether trends differed by rurality, an interaction between birth year and RUCA was tested in multivariable regression models. Analyses were conducted in November 2023-January 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In nationally representative analyses of N=59,361 children, 87.7%, 7.1%, and 5.3% lived in urban, large rural, or small town/rural areas, respectively. Among children born in 2018, coverage for the combined 7-vaccine series was 71.2% (95% CI=69.6%, 72.9%) in urban, 64.9% (95% CI=58.8%, 71.0%) in large rural, and 62.6% (95% CI=56.2%, 68.9%) in small town/rural areas. There was a positive trend in on-time vaccination in urban areas (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] for birth year=1.06; 95% CI=1.05, 1.08). While the trend did not significantly differ for large rural versus urban areas (interaction aPR=1.02; 95% CI=0.96, 1.08), there was less improvement in on-time vaccination in small town/rural areas (interaction aPR=0.93; 95% CI=0.88, 0.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increased efforts are needed to eliminate disparities in routine and on-time vaccination for rural children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Health-Related Social Needs: American College of Preventive Medicine's Practice Statement.","authors":"Catherine J Livingston, Tisha M Titus, Tobi A Yerokun, Neeti A Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest is rapidly growing around screening for health-related social needs (HRSN) in direct patient care settings. The screening and provision of HRSN is often done in the context of trying to address social determinants of health. While there is emerging evidence that screening and referral for HRSN can improve health outcomes, there are educational, operational, and systemic gaps that need to be filled in order for HRSN screening and referral to be implemented system-wide and result in meaningful improvement in population health outcomes. The American College of Preventive Medicine recommends HRSN screening and referral in patient care settings only when there are sufficient systems in place to support addressing those needs. This paper identifies key considerations to take into account when implementing HRSN screening and referral in healthcare settings and makes recommendations to address those key considerations. The recommendations also frame the broader need to address social determinants of health at a population level. Finally, the paper identifies several knowledge and evidence gaps in the existing literature on the topic of HRSN, which will hopefully drive future research in this area, and result in an evidence-based, population approach to the issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2021","authors":"Huiming Zhong MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yiping Feng MD ,&nbsp;Jian Shen MD ,&nbsp;Taiwen Rao MD ,&nbsp;Haijiang Dai MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Wen Zhong MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Guangfeng Zhao MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the burden and underlying causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, which derived estimates of TBI burden from hospital and emergency department records, national surveys, and claims data, the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with TBI were analyzed. A comparative analysis of TBI burden by location, age, sex, and sociodemographic index was performed, along with an underlying assessment of 15 major causes contributing to age-standardized incidence rates. Analyses were conducted in 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, there were 20.84 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]=18.13, 23.84) incident cases and 37.93 million (95% UI=36.33, 39.77) prevalent cases of TBI globally, resulting in 5.48 million (95% UI=3.87, 7.33) YLDs. While the absolute number increased from 1990 to 2021, age-standardized rates of TBI incidence, prevalence, and YLDs showed a significant decline. These rates generally increased with age and were higher in males than females. The highest age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates were observed in Eastern and Central Europe. Globally, falls were the leading cause of TBI in 2021, followed by road injuries, interpersonal violence, and exposure to mechanical forces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite declines in age-standardized rates, the total number of TBI cases and associated disabilities has risen since 1990, indicating a persistent global burden. Targeted interventions are urgently needed in high-burden regions like Eastern and Central Europe, with focus on leading causes and vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 754-763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Test to Support Healthcare Providers in Promoting Vaccine Uptake Among Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","authors":"Emily Hotez PhD,&nbsp;Julianna Rava PhD,&nbsp;Laila Khorasani BS,&nbsp;Andrea P. Levenson MPH, MSW, CHES,&nbsp;Tammy Shen BS,&nbsp;Lillian Chen MPH,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Klomhaus PhD,&nbsp;Alice A. Kuo MD, PhD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities encounter barriers to vaccine access, uptake, and confidence, leading to health inequities. These include barriers related to healthcare provider capacity to effectively address the social determinants of health, provide accessible needle procedures, and translate and disseminate inclusive public health information. The current study aimed to test the preliminary effectiveness of a virtual continuing medical education (CME) course on enhancing healthcare provider capacity to address these barriers. This CME was available free-of-charge online. Participants included 120 healthcare providers (physicians: 45%; nurses: 37%; and other learners: 18%) in internal medicine, family practice, and related disciplines. The CME—created based on video interviews with patients and providers—focused on factors that affect vaccine uptake/access/confidence (Module 1); strategies to increase vaccine receipt (Module 2); and inclusive public health communication (Module 3). The pre–post survey assessed self-reported understanding, confidence, and abilities. Following CME completion, learners were significantly more likely to report higher understanding, confidence, and abilities in responding to the social determinants of health (Module 1); addressing barriers to vaccine access/uptake/confidence (Module 2); and engaging in effective public health communication (Module 3). Findings support the utility of short-term healthcare provider trainings on this topic. Future research should evaluate longer-term impacts and identify opportunities to create standardized medical curricula for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 844-854"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Than Skin Deep: Embracing the Role of Estheticians for Health Promotion and Community Collaboration","authors":"Eric R. Walsh-Buhi MPH, PhD ,&nbsp;Margaret L. Walsh-Buhi PhD ,&nbsp;Hannah Javidi PhD ,&nbsp;Rebecca F. Houghton MPA ,&nbsp;Alexandra T. Hughes-Wegner MPH ,&nbsp;Debby Herbenick PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pubic hair removal is a common practice, and many people seek pubic hair removal from skincare professionals or estheticians. Estheticians play a unique role in which they often have deep, trusting relationships and a well-established rapport with their clientele, whereby they could serve not only as trusted providers of skin and beauty expertise but also as health promotion partners/facilitators. This study aimed to explore the frequency of estheticians’ involvement in 7 potentially concerning health-related symptoms on their clients’ skin and examine estheticians’ comfort by engaging in discussions about health, knowledge regarding these health issues, and interest in being more formally involved in their clients’ health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and August, 2023. Potential participants were identified using purposive sampling of Yelp listings (of hair removal/waxing salons), supplemented by snowball sampling, in 11 preselected U.S. metropolitan areas. A total of 359 estheticians who provided pubic hair removal services completed an online Qualtrics survey (97.5% women, 36.2% White, 24.0% Black, and 20.1% Hispanic).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most noticed, discussed, and referred issue among the sample was general skin health (90.3% noticed, 82.2% discussed/referred), followed by sexually transmitted infections (39.2% noticed, 36% discussed, and 26% referred). More respondents acknowledged discussing (26.6%) rather than noticing (19.8%) skin cancers. Most participants indicated high acceptance regarding improving the health of their clientele, and 72.7% expressed support for partnering with health professionals in such efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is a prime opportunity to aid in the facilitation of estheticians directly improving health and well-being beyond the skin of their clients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 764-772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Cancer Diagnosis in Uninsured Immigrants in a Hospital Charity Care Program","authors":"Tara Srinivas MPhil ,&nbsp;Cassandra Parent BS ,&nbsp;Diego Martinez PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Kathleen R. Page MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 818-820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Chronic Disease Burden in the U.S., 2018–2021","authors":"Jocelyn V. Hunyadi MPH ,&nbsp;Kehe Zhang MS ,&nbsp;Qian Xiao PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Larkin L. Strong PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Cici Bauer PhD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chronic diseases are primary causes of mortality and disability in the U.S. Although individual-level indices to assess the burden of multiple chronic diseases exist, there is a lack of quantitative tools at the population level. This gap hinders the understanding of the geographical distribution and impact of chronic diseases, crucial for effective public health strategies. This study aims to construct a Chronic Disease Burden Index (CDBI) for evaluating county-level disease burden, to identify geographic and temporal patterns, and investigate the association between CDBI and social vulnerability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 20 health measures from CDC's PLACES database (2018–2021) were used to construct annual county-level CDBIs through principal component analysis. Geographic hotspots of chronic disease burden were identified using Getis–Ord Gi*. Multinomial logistic regression models and bivariate maps were used to assess the association between CDBI and CDC's social vulnerability index. Analyses were conducted in 2023–2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Counties with high chronic disease burden were predominantly clustered in the southern U.S. High persistent chronic disease burden was prevalent in Kentucky and West Virginia, while increased burden was observed in Ohio and Texas. Chronic disease burden was highly associated with social vulnerability index (OR_{Q5 vs Q1}=7.6, 95% CI: [6.6, 8.8]), with nonmetro-urban counties experiencing elevated CDBI (OR=14.6, 95% CI: [9.7, 21.9]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CDBI offers an effective tool for assessing chronic disease burden at the population level. Identifying high-burden and vulnerable communities is a crucial first step toward facilitating resource allocation to enhance equitable healthcare access and advancing understanding of health disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccination for 1–4-Year-Olds in Shanghai, China","authors":"Baichu Guan MPH ,&nbsp;Zhi Li MPH ,&nbsp;Zhuoying Huang MPH ,&nbsp;Xiang Guo MD ,&nbsp;Han Yan MPH ,&nbsp;Jia Ren MPH ,&nbsp;Jing Qiu MD ,&nbsp;Yihan Lu PhD ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Sun PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Varicella has not yet been included in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in China, and varicella vaccination strategies vary by region. To determine the optimal varicella vaccination strategy in Shanghai, China, the cost-effectiveness and 5-year costs of 5 immunization scenarios were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A static decision tree-Markov model was developed in 2022 to assess the cost-effectiveness and 5-year costs of voluntary and routine varicella vaccination programs in the 2019 birth cohort in Shanghai from a societal perspective. Parameters were collected in 2022 from the varicella surveillance system, a questionnaire survey of 414 guardians of patients with childhood varicella, and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts on varicella outbreaks from different institutions in Shanghai. The outcomes included varicella cases avoided, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) loss, and incremental costs per QALY (ICER). The 5-year costs were compared with local medical expenditures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 5 scenarios, one dose of routine varicella vaccination was the most cost-saving (USD 70.2) and cost-effective (Dominant) with a 5-year immunization expenditure of USD 9.9 million. Two doses of routine varicella vaccination had the highest QALY (29.9), and its ICER (USD 791.9/QALY) was below the willingness-to-pay threshold (USD 5,203-23,767/QALY). The 5-year immunization expenditure was USD 19.8 million. The effectiveness and price of vaccines, vaccination coverage, and per capita income are the 4 main factors that affect ICERs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In Shanghai, the 2 doses of routine varicella vaccination strategy for 1- and 4-year-olds with a 95% coverage rate was found to be the optimal varicella immunization strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":"Pages 12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}