American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Wisconsin policies shift handgun purchasing behavior 2000-2024.","authors":"C W Tomas, S Huang, K J Kallies, K M B Campbell, C A Kostelac, T A deRoon-Cassini","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Firearm policies can directly impact manufacturing, sales, and accessibility of weapons. In Wisconsin, there were 3 statewide policy changes since 2011 that may have impacted firearm access: 1) legalization of concealed carry weapons [CCW], 2) repeal of 48-hour waiting periods to purchase a handgun, and 3) the COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home order. The current study examined the impact of these policies on handgun purchases in WI and the association with firearm deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Background checks for handguns were examined using monthly counts (2000-2024) from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. Firearm deaths were extracted from the Wisconsin Violent Death Reporting System (2004-2021). Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models were used to forecast background check levels from one policy period to the next. Annual firearm deaths were correlated with annual handgun background checks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant increase in observed handgun background checks compared to forecasted after each policy period (after CCW policy: mean increase = 204.3%, mean absolute percentage error, MAPE = 23.5; after 48-hour repeal: mean increase = 12.8%; MAPE = 20.27; after COVID-19 stay-at-home order: mean increase = 78.6%; MAPE = 43.20). Annual background checks were strongly correlated with annual firearm deaths (r = .887).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CCW policy had the strongest long-term relationship to the increase in handgun background checks. With each policy change, background check levels increased. Greater availability of firearms increases risk of firearm death and the strong association of firearm purchasing and firearm deaths warrants attention to relevant policies in Wisconsin.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Rated Health by Time Since Smoking Cessation","authors":"Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi BPharm, MSc ,&nbsp;Najim Z. Alshahrani MBBS, MPH, MD ,&nbsp;Isaac Olushola Ogunkola BSc ,&nbsp;Nafisat Dasola Jimoh BTech","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Although the physiologic benefits of quitting smoking are well established, less is known about how those who formerly smoked perceive these benefits over time. This study investigates the association between time since smoking cessation and self-rated health in a nationally representative sample and examines how predicted self-rated health varies by age, area-level deprivation, and education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from the 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 waves of the Scottish Health Survey, yielding a sample of 5,701 adults aged ≥16 years who had formerly smoked. The primary outcome was self-rated health, grouped as very good/good, fair, or bad/very bad. The main exposure was time since quitting smoking, categorized as &lt;2 years, 2 to &lt;5 years, 5 to &lt;10 years, 10 to &lt;20 years, and ≥20 years. Generalized ordered logistic regression was used to estimate crude and AORs for self-rated health. Predictive margins were calculated to assess variation across sociodemographic subgroups. All analyses were conducted in 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Longer cessation duration was associated with significantly lower odds of reporting poorer self-rated health. Compared with those who had quit within the past 2 years, AORs were 0.81 (95% CI=0.62, 1.06; <em>p</em>=0.125) for those aged 2 to &lt;5 years, 0.75 (95% CI=0.58, 0.97; <em>p</em>=0.027) for those aged 5 to &lt;10 years, 0.63 (95% CI=0.49, 0.80; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) for those aged 10 to &lt;20 years, and 0.45 (95% CI=0.36, 0.58; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) for those aged ≥20 years. When modeled as a continuous ordinal variable, each additional cessation category was associated with lower odds of poorer self-rated health (AOR=0.82; 95% CI=0.78, 0.87; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). Predicted probabilities of reporting good or very good health increased with time since quitting across all subgroups (<em>p</em>&lt;0.001). Among adults aged 45–64 years, probabilities rose from 59.7% (95% CI=53.6%, 65.9%) for those aged &lt;2 years to 72.2% (95% CI=69.4%, 74.9%) for those aged ≥20 years. Among those in the least deprived areas, the increase was from 64.4% (95% CI=54.0%, 74.8%) to 76.3% (95% CI=73.2%, 79.5%), and among individuals with higher education, it was from 65.7% (95% CI=58.1%, 73.4%) to 79.1% (95% CI=76.6%, 81.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Longer time since smoking cessation is associated with more favorable self-rated health, suggesting a graded, perceived benefit over time. However, these perceived subjective health gains are not evenly distributed because individuals in disadvantaged groups continue to report lower probabilities of good health even after long-term cessation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot RCT Exploring Heated Tobacco Product Substitution for Menthol Cigarettes","authors":"Augustus M. White PhD ,&nbsp;Rabia Imran BA ,&nbsp;Nicoleta Gaitan RN ,&nbsp;Warren K. Bickel PhD ,&nbsp;Robert A. Perera PhD ,&nbsp;Caroline O. Cobb PhD ,&nbsp;Thomas E. Eissenberg PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Barnes PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Flavors are a key regulatory target for tobacco products, but little is known about how flavors influence the appeal of heated tobacco products, such as IQOS, for people who smoke. This study assessed differences in the substitution feasibility of menthol- and regular/tobacco-flavored IQOS for menthol cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This was an unblinded 2-week, parallel-group randomized pilot clinical trial.</div></div><div><h3>Setting/participants</h3><div>Thirty adults who smoked menthol cigarettes in Richmond, VA completed clinical laboratory sessions (Monday and Friday) and reported at-home tobacco consumption. Data were collected from November 2022 to September 2023 and analyzed from October 2023 to February 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Participants were randomized to use IQOS 2.4 with fresh menthol (IQOS-M) or regular tobacco (IQOS-T) HeatSticks (1:1) during Week 2 of the study in the clinical laboratory and throughout the second week while they were at home.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Laboratory visits involved 10-puff directed use bouts with puff topography, plasma nicotine measurement, subjective effects questionnaires, and the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace task. The primary outcome was the cross-price elasticity of IQOS in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace at the final clinical laboratory session. Electronic daily diaries measured tobacco consumption at home.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace, the average (SD) cross-price elasticity for IQOS was 0.67 (0.09) when IQOS-M and IQOS-T were available concurrently versus 0.14 (0.03) when only IQOS-T was available (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). At home, participants reduced their typical cigarette consumption by 80% when they had access to IQOS-M versus 37% with IQOS-T (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). Differences in puff topography and nicotine delivery across IQOS flavors were not significant (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Access to menthol-flavored heated tobacco products is an important determinant of potential substitution for people who smoke menthol cigarettes but may not be sufficient to promote complete substitution. Tobacco regulatory policies that restrict access to menthol-flavored heated tobacco products could promote complete tobacco cessation but may reduce attempts to substitute with heated tobacco products among people who smoke menthol cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>This trial was preregistered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05499377).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in Nicotine, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use Among U.S. Adolescents and Adults Aged 12–34 Years","authors":"Rebecca J. Evans-Polce PhD ,&nbsp;Jessica M. Mongilio PhD ,&nbsp;Sean Esteban McCabe PhD ,&nbsp;Phil T. Veliz PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Nicotine, tobacco, and cannabis use continues to evolve in the U.S., with new forms of use (e.g., oral nicotine, cannabis edibles) emerging and increasing. It is critical to understand how these substances are being used and co-used. This study identified subgroups of adolescents and younger adults aged 12–34 years on the basis of nicotine, tobacco, and cannabis use using recent nationally representative data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Wave 7 (2022–2023) were used. Analyses focused on those aged 12–34 years who reported any past 30-day nicotine, tobacco, or cannabis use (<em>n</em>=8,722). Latent class analysis was conducted using 8 indicators: combustible tobacco use, nicotine vaping, oral nicotine product use, other noncombustible tobacco use (e.g., snus/chew), blunt use, cannabis smoking, cannabis vaping, and cannabis edibles. Differences were examined by sex, age, race, ethnicity, and region.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On average, individuals reported use of approximately 2 products in the past 30 days (mean=2.08). Six subgroups of nicotine, tobacco, and cannabis use were identified: combustible tobacco (30.77%), multimodal cannabis (26.72%), vaping nicotine (18.37%), multimodal co-use (13.87%), cannabis edibles (5.31%), and multimodal nicotine/tobacco (4.95%). Sociodemographic characteristics were associated with class membership.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is substantial heterogeneity in nicotine, tobacco, and cannabis use among U.S. adolescents and younger adults. Of particular concern is that most of the sample reported combustible use, including 3 subgroups that reported multiple modes of use. Continued surveillance of nicotine, tobacco, and cannabis use is needed, particularly as the products and their regulation continue to evolve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Health Markers With Remote Team-Based Hypertension Management in a Safety-Net Population","authors":"Ethan Chervonski MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Elan Pelegri MS ,&nbsp;Franzenith De La Calle MS, RD ,&nbsp;Soumik Mandal PhD ,&nbsp;Claire A. Graves MD ,&nbsp;Doreen Colella RN, MSN ,&nbsp;Arielle Elmaleh-Sachs MD, MS ,&nbsp;Jacalyn Nay RN, MHL, CCM ,&nbsp;Isaac Dapkins MD ,&nbsp;Antoinette Schoenthaler EdD, MA","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The impact of remote patient monitoring for hypertension on cardiovascular health remains ill defined. This study characterized the association between a remote patient monitoring, team-based hypertension intervention and cardiovascular health markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective, single-arm cohort study included patients with uncontrolled hypertension enrolled from February 2022 to July 2024 in the ALTA trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03713515) at 5 safety-net practices. The ALTA intervention involves remote patient monitoring supported by a virtual clinic managed by a nurse practitioner, a registered nurse, and a community health worker. Demographics, ALTA utilization, and cardiovascular health markers (blood pressure, lipids, glycemic indicators, BMI, and smoking history) at baseline and 12 months were collected. The 5 cardiovascular health markers were scored (0=poor, 1=intermediate, 2=ideal) and summed into a cardiovascular health score. The primary endpoint was a change in the 12-month cardiovascular health score among patients with a baseline score of ≤7. Secondary endpoints included changes in individual non-blood pressure markers among patients with baseline derangements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 568 included patients (mean age: 56 years), most were female, non-Hispanic Black, and English-speaking individuals. Nurse practitioner visits were more common among females (<em>p</em>=0.04), with no other demographics predicting ALTA utilization. The cardiovascular health score improved from 4.5 to 5.2 (<em>n</em>=196, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), independent of ALTA utilization. Total cholesterol (<em>n</em>=86, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), low-density lipoprotein (<em>n</em>=128, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and triglyceride levels (<em>n</em>=51, <em>p</em>=0.004) also improved. Hemoglobin A_1c (<em>n</em>=195) dropped among patients with ≥1 nurse practitioner visit (<em>p</em>=0.02). Fasting glucose (<em>n</em>=135) and BMI (<em>n</em>=289) decreased in the highest tertile of nurse practitioner visits (<em>p</em>=0.03) and remote patient monitoring (<em>p</em>=0.02), respectively. Finally, 4 of 27 patients quit smoking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Remote patient monitoring with team-based support was associated with cardiovascular health improvements. However, benefits may depend on the intervention’s utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and Use of MyPlate Among U.S. Adults: Evidence From Nationally Representative Data, 2024","authors":"Brandon J. Restrepo PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>USDA’s current nutrition guide—MyPlate—was introduced in 2011 to promote the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and make it easier for U.S. consumers to follow balanced eating habits. This study estimates the share of U.S. adults who report knowing about the MyPlate plan and trying to follow its recommendations, and identifies the consumer characteristics that predict use of the MyPlate plan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a nationally representative sample of 5,930 U.S. adults aged 18 and older from the 2024 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), an ordered probit regression model was estimated to predict MyPlate plan use. The 2024 HINTS data were publicly released in May 2025 and these public-use and de-identified data were analyzed in June 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2024, nearly 1 in 3 U.S. adults (32.5%; 95% CI=30.6%, 34.4%) reported knowing about the MyPlate plan. However, fewer than half of them translated this knowledge into practice, as only about 1 in 7 U.S. adults (14.8%; 95% CI=13.2%, 16.3%) reported knowing about and trying to follow MyPlate plan recommendations. The likelihood of trying to follow MyPlate guidance was significantly higher among young adults aged 18–24 years, women, households with children, English survey respondents, and metropolitan area residents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Approximately 15% of U.S. adults in 2024 reported that they knew about the MyPlate plan and tried to follow its recommendations. Age group, sex, number of children, survey language, and residential location influenced the likelihood of trying to follow MyPlate guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call to Action: Addressing Medical School as a Source of Weight Stigma Requires Transformative Change","authors":"KayLoni L. Olson PhD ,&nbsp;Uchechukwu Onwunaka MD, MPA ,&nbsp;Megan Smith MSW, PhD ,&nbsp;Chloe Thomason MSW ,&nbsp;Dana Chofay MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weight stigma, defined as negative attitudes and treatment toward individuals of higher body weight, is a major public health concern. Growing evidence points to its direct and indirect negative effects on health. As the prevalence of high body weight continues to increase, weight stigma represents a sociocultural health risk that impacts a significant proportion of the population. Unfortunately, the healthcare system remains a common source of weight stigma. Individuals report negative weight-related treatment from physicians, and physicians explicitly report negative attitudes about individuals of higher body weight. Although there is growing recognition that this is an issue among healthcare providers, weight stigma remains a socially acceptable form of bias and has proven particularly difficult to target within the healthcare system. Medical school represents a unique period to impact how physicians in training are prepared to treat individuals of diverse body shapes and weights. To accomplish this, it is essential to (1) critically interrogate the way body weight is positioned within the medical school curriculum (as a clinical characteristic, as a form of marginalization), (2) identify ways that weight stigma is explicitly and implicitly embedded within the training experience, and (3) leverage these discoveries to build a curriculum and training experience that produces physicians equipped to deliver patient-centered and inclusive care for individuals of all sizes. The aim of this work is to contextualize and characterize efforts at one U.S. medical school to develop a roadmap to address and undo weight stigma within the curriculum and training experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Child Welfare System Involvement Among Mothers With Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Jirka Taylor MA, MPhil ,&nbsp;Sachini Bandara PhD ,&nbsp;Terrinieka W. Powell PhD ,&nbsp;Liba Blumberger DrPH ,&nbsp;Justine Galbraith PhD ,&nbsp;Lisa Kessler MS ,&nbsp;Ping Jui Ko MS ,&nbsp;Alene Kennedy-Hendricks PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This paper aimed to examine the factors associated with child welfare system involvement among mothers receiving public substance use treatment services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cohort study using 2015–2023 linked data from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on residents’ interactions across public service systems. Independent variables, measured within 3 months of study inclusion, included family characteristics, public benefit receipt, jail release, and substance use disorder diagnoses. The data, captured over the subsequent 21 months, included any child welfare interaction, active case, and out-of-home placement. The data were analyzed in 2024–2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Younger maternal age, having multiple children, and having an infant or a young child were all associated with an increased risk of any child welfare system involvement; having an infant was also associated with a risk of out-of-home placement (adjusted hazard ratio=2.54, 95% CI=1.80, 3.59). Although all substance use disorder diagnoses were associated with an increased risk of all types of child welfare system involvement, for out-of-home placements, the strongest associations were observed for stimulant (adjusted hazard ratio=2.35, 95% CI=1.64, 3.36) and opioid (adjusted hazard ratio=2.18, 95% CI=1.60, 2.96) use disorders. Receipt of certain public benefits, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, was also associated with higher risks of any child welfare system interaction, an active case, and out-of-home placements (adjusted hazard ratio=1.93, 95% CI=1.41, 2.65).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enhanced support is particularly needed for mothers of infants and for those with opioid or stimulant use disorders. Receipt of certain public benefits underscores economic vulnerability as a key pathway to child welfare system involvement among mothers with substance use disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon Mitigation in Native Communities: A Partnership Between a Tribal Health Clinic and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center to Reduce Carcinogen Exposure","authors":"Vera J. Heubel RN ,&nbsp;Beth Brunner BS ,&nbsp;Kyle A. Burton MD ,&nbsp;Cibele B. Carroll MD, PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Jessica Maloney BS, EnPH ,&nbsp;Mary Cianciara MPH ,&nbsp;Noelle K. LoConte MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. and has a synergistic effect with tobacco smoke. Lung cancer has a high incidence among Native American communities in Wisconsin. This project aimed to assess and mitigate radon exposure in Native American homes on the Stockbridge-Munsee reservation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In collaboration with the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican Tribe, 83 radon test kits were distributed, and radon exposure data were collected from this Tribal community between April 2023 and September 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 83 homes tested in the Tribal community, 56 (67.5%) exceeded the recommended radon exposure level and underwent radon mitigation. Among those with elevated radon levels, the median concentration was 10.1 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), with values ranging from 4 to 111.6 pCi/L. High radon levels were detected in both warm and cold months and in homes with varying foundation types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Radon levels on Tribal lands were higher than anticipated, which may contribute to the increased incidence of lung cancer in Native communities. This initiative underscores the need for radon testing and mitigation in Tribal communities to address environmental health disparities and improve health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Vaccine Limiting Through Age 23 Months Among U.S. Military Families","authors":"Celeste J. Romano MS ,&nbsp;Monica T. Burrell MPH ,&nbsp;Clinton Hall PhD ,&nbsp;Anna T. Bukowinski MPH ,&nbsp;Gia R. Gumbs MPH ,&nbsp;Ava Marie S. Conlin DO, MPH ,&nbsp;Nanda Ramchandar MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recent work reported gaps in completion of the pediatric combined 7-vaccine series among U.S. military families; the role of vaccine hesitancy as a contributor to these gaps is not well understood. This study aimed to assess vaccine limiting (receipt of fewer than recommended vaccines) as a determinant of undervaccination among military-connected children and identify characteristics of vaccine limiting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program data were used to identify and follow a cohort of children born at military hospitals from 2010 through 2019. Vaccination patterns through age 23 months were categorized by the frequency of limited vaccine visits (i.e., visits with 1–2 vaccines administered). Modified Poisson regression models estimated the associations between vaccine-limiting patterns and noncompletion of the combined 7-vaccine series by age 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 275,967 military-connected children, the prevalence of consistent vaccine limiting (all limited visits) was 0.7%, and that of episodic vaccine limiting (≥2 limited visits and &lt;3 visits with ≥3 vaccines) was 3.6%. Consistent vaccine limiters were more likely to be born to an older pregnant parent and a military sponsor with at least a bachelor’s degree than vaccine nonlimiters. Consistent and episodic vaccine limiting were associated with 3.9 (95% CI=3.8, 4.0) and 2.4 (95% CI=2.4, 2.5) times the risk of noncompletion, respectively, relative to nonlimiting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Few U.S. military parents consistently or episodically limited early childhood vaccines, although both patterns were associated with higher risk for undervaccination. Findings suggest that greater attention to vaccine hesitancy is needed in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 5","pages":"Article 108012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}