American Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Trends in Prenatal Opioid Use Disorder in California, 2010–2022","authors":"Sidra Goldman-Mellor PhD ,&nbsp;Jyotishman Pathak PhD ,&nbsp;Claire E. Margerison PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Opioid-related deaths among perinatal populations have increased sharply in the U.S. Whether the recent ascendance of illicit fentanyl and other synthetic opioids in the drug supply translates to an increase in prenatal opioid use disorder remains unknown. This study investigated whether California’s comparatively late fentanyl influx, in 2019, was associated with a subsequent increase in opioid use disorder among pregnant people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This ecologic, repeated retrospective cohort study examined annual cohorts of individuals with an index live-birth delivery in California from 2010 to 2022. Analyses used statewide, all-payer linked hospitalization and emergency department records. Overall and subgroup-specific trends in the prevalence of prenatal opioid use disorder, assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification/ICD-10-CM diagnoses recorded at delivery hospitalization and during prenatal emergency department visits, were examined using joinpoint and logistic regression analyses. Data analysis was conducted in 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 4,381,064 index deliveries. Between 2010 and 2022, the prevalence of prenatal opioid use disorder doubled (as assessed at delivery: 0.15%–0.30%; as assessed via prenatal opioid use disorder emergency department visits: 0.04%–0.08%). Joinpoint analysis indicated that most of this increase occurred before 2018, with annual percentage changes after 2018 being largely flat (annual percentage change in at-delivery prevalence, 2.4% [95% CI= −2.2%, 7.3%]; annual percentage change in emergency department visit prevalence, 1.4% [95% CI= −7.0%, 3.8%]). Differences in the 2019–2022 versus 2010–2018 prevalence of prenatal opioid use disorder were larger among non-Hispanic White and other/multiple race individuals, as well as those covered by Medicaid.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The recent introduction of fentanyl to California was associated with only incremental increases in the prevalence of prenatal opioid use disorder. Continued tracking of these trends is important for perinatal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Patients Wanting Assistance with their Social Risks.","authors":"Emma L Tucher, Margae J Knox, Richard W Grant, Meagan C Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Screening and addressing social risks (e.g., finances, food, housing, transportation) has increasingly been used to evaluate health care system performance and to set payment rates. The ability for health systems to intervene is limited by patients who endorse social risks but do not want help from their health care provider.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from Kaiser Permanente's 2022 Social Needs Survey, a representative sample from all eight regional markets. The primary exposures were respondents' demographics. The outcome was whether a patient wanted assistance with social risks assessed using weighted logistic regression modeling conducted in 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This cross-sectional study sample included 5,905 respondents. 56.3% were women, mean age was 50.7 (+/- 17.3), 9.0% were Black, 26.3% Hispanic, 43.6% White, and 26.8% had an income below $50,000. 34.8% had at least one social risk, 9.9% had three or more, and 31.7% wanted assistance. In fully adjusted models among respondents with social risks, those with multiple social risks versus one (two: OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.4; three or more: OR 11.3 95% CI, 6.9-18.4), self-identifying as Black versus White (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.7-4.3), or had an income <$50,000 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6) had higher odds of wanting assistance. Being less than 65 was associated with lower odds of wanting assistance (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Less than half of respondents with social risks wanted assistance from their health care team. These findings can help health plans and policymakers to target outreach and interventions for individuals who experience social risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and Risks of Dementia Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence From 3 Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Xin Ye PhD ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Wang MSc ,&nbsp;Mingzheng Hu MMed ,&nbsp;Yingying Ouyang BEc","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Frailty and dementia are prevalent, interrelated conditions in aging populations, yet the temporal relationship between frailty progression and dementia risk remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate how both baseline frailty and its subsequent changes over time are associated with the risk of incident dementia in 3 large prospective cohorts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed data from 25,357 participants in 3 prospective cohorts: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011–2020, U.S. Health and Retirement Study 2006–2020, and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2004–2023. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% CI between frailty and risks of dementia after adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted in 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across all 3 cohorts, participants who were prefrail (hazard ratio=1.13–1.17) or frail (hazard ratio=1.37–1.54) at baseline had a significantly increased risk of dementia compared with their robust peers. This risk was most pronounced for those whose frailty status worsened over time; robust participants who transitioned to a frail state had increased risks of dementia (hazard ratio=2.09–2.77). Participants who transitioned from prefrail to frail showed significantly elevated risks of dementia (hazard ratio=1.32). Participants with the upper and middle tertiles of total frailty index and those in the upper tertile of change in frailty index exhibited significantly increased risks of dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings from 3 large, multinational cohorts consistently demonstrate a strong link between frailty progression and an increased risk of dementia particularly for those shifting from robust to frail state. This highlights that frailty is a globally relevant, modifiable target for dementia prevention, accentuating the necessity for proactive healthcare approaches to manage its onset and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cost Effectiveness of a Free Summer Day Camp Voucher Program to Prevent Summer Weight Gain Among Children From Disadvantaged Households","authors":"Brian K. Chen JD, PhD ,&nbsp;Michael W. Beets PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Burkart PhD ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Pfledderer PhD ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Adams PhD ,&nbsp;R. Glenn Weaver PhD ,&nbsp;Bridget Armstrong PhD ,&nbsp;Keith Brazendale PhD ,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Zhu MS ,&nbsp;Alexander McLain PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Summer day camps can mitigate summer weight gain by providing a structured daily environment that promotes healthy behaviors, but summer day camps are often cost prohibitive to families with low income. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of providing free summer day camps to disadvantaged children to prevent summer weight gain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 422 children from a low-income school district in South Carolina were recruited and randomly assigned to receive 8–10 weeks of free summer day camps or to experience summer as usual in 2021–2023. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by dividing summer day camp cost by the difference between the intervention and control groups in changes in BMI z-scores from the start to end of summer. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios at varied doses of summer day camp participation were also calculated. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using nonparametric bootstrapping of trial-based BMI z-score outcomes, matched with summer day camp costs from across the country. The probability of cost effectiveness was assessed over a range of potential costs at which policymakers may be willing to support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The summer day camp voucher program averted 0.0917 BMI z-score gain relative to the controls at a cost of $1,307, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $1,463 per 0.1 BMI z-score averted per child. Attending summer day camp 5 days per week, representing the highest dose, yielded the highest cost effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses showed that the bootstrapped incremental cost-effectiveness ratios averaged $2,187 per 0.1 BMI z-score averted, with 80% being &lt;$3,500 per 0.1 BMI z-score averted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The voucher program is likely cost effective, with 80% probability of cost effectiveness if policymakers are willing to pay $3,500 per 0.1 BMI z-score averted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Design of an Added-Sugar Menu Warning Label: A Randomized Experiment.","authors":"Brittany Lemmon, Andrea Gil, Aviva A Musicus, Marissa G Hall, Christina A Roberto, Jennifer Falbe","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Restaurant menu added-sugar warning labels have the potential to reduce added-sugar consumption. Label efficacy depends on noticeability. This study aimed to assess which design elements improve noticeability and recognizability and also assessed behavioral response to the labels.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>An online randomized experiment was used.</p><p><strong>Setting/participants: </strong>A national sample of adults (N=4,083) was recruited to approximate U.S. distributions of sex, age, race, ethnicity, and education.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>A pretest-determined triangle shape was used for the label icon in the main experiment. The main experiment used a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to test label type (icon-plus-text versus boxed icon-only versus icon-only label), color (red versus black), size (150% vs 100% of menu text height), and placement (right versus left side of item name). Participants viewed fast-food and full-service restaurant menus displaying the assigned label next to high-added-sugar items (containing >50% of the daily recommended limit).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Noticing a high-added-sugar label and recognizing one's assigned label among other labels were assessed and analyzed in 2024. Menu-ordering behaviors were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with icon-only labels, icon-plus-text labels increased the probability of noticing and recognizing high-added-sugar labels by 508% (7% vs 44%) and 263% (23% vs 82%) (ps<0.001), respectively. Red color increased noticing by 16% (p=0.020) and recognition by 20% (p<0.001) compared with black color. Larger height increased recognition by 13% (p=0.001). For icon-only labels, right placement increased noticing by 59% (p=0.020). Icon-plus-text labels reduced the probability of ordering a high-added-sugar item by 11% and the amount of added sugar ordered by 10.5 g (ps<0.001) compared with icon-only labels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Icon-plus-text labels were substantially more noticeable as high-added-sugar labels, recognizable, and efficacious at reducing the amount of added sugar ordered than icon-only labels. To a lesser extent, red color, larger labels, and right placement additionally improved performance, especially for icon-only designs, although they did not improve efficacy to a level similar to that of icon-plus-text labels.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial is registered at AsPredicted.org (Number 156625) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0620491).</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Price, Consumption, Prevalence, and State Revenue of Transitioning Cigarette Sales to State-Controlled Outlets","authors":"Megan C. Diaz PhD ,&nbsp;Jidong Huang PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah D. Mills PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Shelley D. Golden PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kurt M. Ribisl PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Policies that phase out the retail sale of tobacco products have been recommended to accelerate the tobacco endgame and reach negligible tobacco use rates. Using simulation modeling, this study assessed how a policy that transitions cigarette sales to state-controlled outlets may change prices and thus affect state revenue, cigarette pack sales, and smoking prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Tax Burden On Tobacco, models were developed to examine 3 potential scenarios resulting from a policy that transitions the sales of cigarette products to state-controlled outlets in Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia. In Model 1, each state would keep cigarette pack prices at their current retail price but retain markup; in Model 2, cigarette pack prices would increase by 7%; and in Model 3, each state would increase prices to meet a consumption target reduction of 5%. For each price scenario, additional models that also considered changes to consumer travel and time costs were run.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across all models, state revenue increased in each state. Results suggest that the policy would increase revenue by at least 16% in Oregon to 302% in Virginia. In models that assumed that the cigarette pack price would increase, cigarette pack consumption and smoking prevalence declined. Declines in pack consumption and smoking prevalence ranged from 1% to 5% across states. Findings were robust to different assumptions about total own-price elasticities in sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Transitioning cigarette sales to state-controlled outlets may increase state revenue while reducing cigarette consumption and smoking prevalence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How State Factors Moderated the Impacts of the 2021 Child Tax Credit on Mental Health and Financial Hardship","authors":"Akansha Batra PhD ,&nbsp;Jacqueline M. Torres PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn E. Jackson MPH ,&nbsp;Rita Hamad MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. were partly alleviated by economic policies. For example, the 2021 expansion of the child tax credit provided cash support to many families and improved mental health. Although the child tax credit was a federal policy, there may be geographic disparities in policy impacts depending on state contexts. This study examined how state factors modified the child tax credit’s effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study used April 2021–January 2022 individual-level data from the Census Household Pulse Survey (N=944,189). Outcomes included depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, recent utilization of mental health counseling, and financial hardship. State-level modifiers included (1) social safety net policy context (as a composite measure and for individual policies) and (2) racial equity. This study examined whether state-level factors moderated the effects of the child tax credit expansion using a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, comparing pre–post differences among child tax credit–eligible versus ineligible individuals. Analyses were conducted during 2023–2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no effect modification of the child tax credit by the composite state safety net policy measure or racial equity index. However, when examining individual policy measures, in states with higher Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children caseloads, the child tax credit expansion was associated with improved confidence in the ability to pay rent/mortgage. In states with higher Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program accessibility, the child tax credit expansion was associated with reduced food insufficiency and lower utilization of mental health services.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 2021 federal child tax credit’s effects were modestly moderated by local state policy contexts, potentially contributing to geographic health disparities. This informs policymaking and research on multilevel policy interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Intimate Partner Murder–Suicide: A Case-Control Study of Suicidal Males in Abusive Relationships","authors":"Julie M. Kafka PhD, MPD ,&nbsp;Vivian H. Lyons PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Angel Cheung MPH ,&nbsp;Laurie M. Graham PhD, MSW ,&nbsp;Millan A. AbiNader PhD, LMSW ,&nbsp;Avanti Adhia ScD ,&nbsp;Ayah Mustafah BS ,&nbsp;Frederick P. Rivara MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Murder–suicide is a rare but serious public health problem. It often occurs in the context of intimate partner violence; 62% of murder–suicides in the U.S. involve killing an intimate partner. The goal of this study was to identify the risk indicators for intimate partner murder–suicide among suicidal males with a history of perpetrating intimate partner violence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This case-control study used National Violent Death Reporting System data, 2019–2020. Cases were intimate partner murder–suicides committed by males. Controls were males who perpetrated intimate partner violence but who died by suicide without killing their partner. The research team reviewed text summaries from the National Violent Death Reporting System to code detailed information about each event. Analyses estimated the adjusted odds of intimate partner murder–suicide using generalized estimating equations and were completed in November 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 478 matched case/control pairs, firearm use (AOR=5.3) and decedent military history (AOR=1.8) were associated with increased odds of perpetrating intimate partner murder–suicide. Prior involvement in a domestic violence protection order (AOR=0.4) and previously established suicide risk indicators (e.g., appearing depressed [AOR=0.4], prior suicide attempts [AOR=0.2], disclosed suicidal intent [AOR=0.2]) were associated with decreased odds of intimate partner murder–suicide.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among suicidal males perpetrating intimate partner violence, several factors differentiated the risk for murder–suicide relative to that of suicide only. Improving accessibility and implementation of domestic violence protection orders while removing firearms from people who are perpetrating intimate partner violence may prevent intimate partner murder–suicide. There may also be opportunities to screen for and jointly address suicidality and intimate partner violence perpetration across military, healthcare, legal, and child welfare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. State Marijuana and Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Laws and Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Use.","authors":"Nora Satybaldiyeva, Kevin H Yang, Wayne E Kepner, Eric C Leas","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol has gained popularity since the passage of the 2018 U.S. Farm Bill. The absence of federal laws and varying state regulations governing delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol have allowed manufacturers to evade restrictions placed on marijuana products. This study examined delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use across different state marijuana and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, web-based survey of 1,523 U.S. adults was conducted in October-November 2023. Responses were weighted to represent the national adult population. Inverse-probability-of-treatment weights balanced covariates across policy groups; adjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs were estimated in 2025 for state (1) marijuana policy (prohibited, medical only, recreational) and (2) delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol policy (prohibited, regulated, unregulated).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 7.7% (95% CI=6.5, 9.1) of U.S. adults reported using delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol in their lifetime. The prevalence of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use was lower among adults in states permitting recreational marijuana use (5.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.48, 95% CI=0.33, 0.70) and lower in states permitting medical use only (8.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.73, 95% CI=0.46, 1.14) than in states prohibiting all marijuana use (10.9%). Adults in states that regulated (3.9%; adjusted risk ratio=0.33, 95% CI=0.20, 0.55) or prohibited (4.5%; adjusted risk ratio=0.47, 95% CI=0.28, 0.78) delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol sales reported lower rates of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use than adults in states with unregulated markets for delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol use is more common where marijuana remains prohibited and less common where delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol sales are regulated or prohibited. State-level restrictions targeting delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol appear to reduce use, suggesting that closing regulatory gaps could limit consumption of these products.</p>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries From Electric Bikes and Scooters: Illinois, U.S., 2021–2023","authors":"Brett Shannon MBBS, PhD ,&nbsp;Nan Ni MPH, MUP ,&nbsp;Johnathon Ehsani PhD ,&nbsp;Lee S. Friedman PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Micromobility device injuries and deaths continue to increase in the U.S., requiring public health input. The aim of this study was to describe injuries from micromobility devices in the state of Illinois and to determine whether there are differences in the patterns and severity of injuries from the use of electric devices (scooters/bikes) to inform future public health policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Outpatient and inpatient acute traumatic injuries related to micromobility device use that passed through the emergency room and were treated in Illinois hospitals from 2021 to 2023 were analyzed in 2024 using newly introduced ICD-10 codes for injuries resulting from electric scooters and other devices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 34,073 patients presenting with acute injuries from micromobility devices, the nature, severity, and mechanism of injuries differed for electric devices. Electric scooter injuries primarily occurred owing to falls (78.4%), whereas nearly half (45.4%) of electric bike injuries were caused by motor vehicle crashes (in traffic, nontraffic, or unspecified). Using cycling injuries as a reference group, users of electric devices were significantly more likely to be admitted to hospital (electric bikes AOR=1.62, <em>p</em>&lt;0.05; electric scooters AOR=1.61, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01), to be admitted to the intensive care unit (electric bikes AOR=2.39, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01; electric scooters AOR=2.04, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01), and to present with a traumatic brain injury (electric bikes AOR=1.3, <em>p</em>&lt;0.05; electric scooters AOR=1.23, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Statewide hospital data demonstrate an increased likelihood of serious injuries associated with electric micromobility device use, relative to bicycles. These findings have implications for ongoing surveillance and safety promotion and further demonstrate the need for public health input into the use of personal electric micromobility devices in the U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50805,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"69 6","pages":"Article 108065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}