American Naturalist最新文献_第2页

Introducing a New Article Type for The American Naturalist. 为美国博物学家介绍一种新的文章类型。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1086/735689

Volker Rudolf

引用次数: 0

Beyond Size Dimorphism: The Past, Present, and Future of Rensch's Rule. 超越尺寸二态：伦施规则的过去、现在和未来。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1086/735583

Ken S Toyama

{"title":"Beyond Size Dimorphism: The Past, Present, and Future of Rensch's Rule.","authors":"Ken S Toyama","doi":"10.1086/735583","DOIUrl":"10.1086/735583","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractA pattern of allometry in which the degree of male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD) increases with species body size is known as \"Rensch's rule.\" Over the past decades, a growing amount of Rensch's rule studies has advanced our understanding of SSD, our knowledge of its prevalence in nature, and our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying its evolution. However, Bernhard Rensch, when describing the pattern for the first time, considered the allometry of SSD only as a special case of a more general pattern in which dimorphism in any relative sexual difference increased with body size. In this perspective I revisit the history of Rensch's rule, starting with its popularization in recent decades, then diving into the original works by Rensch to rediscover his original observations, and finally discussing the implications of studying Rensch's pattern beyond its applications to SSD. The strong bias toward body size in the study of Rensch's rule has proven valuable regarding our understanding of the evolution of SSD. Using empirical examples, I propose, however, that expanding the study of the pattern to other traits might prove insightful for the general study of sexual dimorphism and phenotypic diversity.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"548-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allee Effects and Coexistence. 小巷效应与共存。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1086/735419

Emma J Walker, Benjamin Gilbert

{"title":"Allee Effects and Coexistence.","authors":"Emma J Walker, Benjamin Gilbert","doi":"10.1086/735419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735419","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAllee effects are common to diverse taxa, but their consequences for coexistence are rarely considered by ecologists. Recent research has suggested that Allee effects are incompatible with modern coexistence theory or that their impacts on coexistence are no different from other sources of positive density dependence that generate alternate stable states through priority effects. We use a graphical approach that builds on mathematically robust theory to develop simple conditions for coexistence and alternate stable states when an Allee effect is present. We show that weak Allee effects (those that do not depress population growth rates below zero in the absence of competition) can be integrated with modern coexistence theory but often produce outcomes distinct from other priority effects. This integration allows us to determine how Allee effects alter stabilizing and fitness differences. Importantly, we characterize a high-density criterion for a third alternate stable state that indicates species coexistence even when mutual invasibility is not met. Strong Allee effects (those that preclude invasibility even in the absence of competitors) permit coexistence only when the high-density criterion is satisfied. Our model offers an intuitive extension of modern coexistence theory that accounts for more than two alternative stable states and provides a guide for empirical research on how Allee effects structure ecological diversity.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"559-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macroevolutionary Divergence along Allometric Lines of Least Resistance in Frog Hindlimb Traits and Its Effect on Locomotor Evolution. 青蛙后肢最小阻力异速谱的宏观进化分化及其对运动进化的影响。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1086/735569

Monique N Simon, Elodie A Courtois, Anthony Herrel, Daniel S Moen

{"title":"Macroevolutionary Divergence along Allometric Lines of Least Resistance in Frog Hindlimb Traits and Its Effect on Locomotor Evolution.","authors":"Monique N Simon, Elodie A Courtois, Anthony Herrel, Daniel S Moen","doi":"10.1086/735569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735569","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractUnderstanding whether and why microevolutionary patterns of trait covariation match macroevolutionary divergence is essential for linking evolution at different timescales. However, recent work has focused on developmental constraints for alignment between intraspecific variation and divergence, neglecting a potential role of natural selection on function to connect these scales. Here, we compare the support for the selection and constraint hypotheses to explain both phenotypic trait covariation and species divergence. To test these hypotheses, we collected data on hindlimb and jumping performance traits within and across species of two frog genera. We compared patterns of within-species phenotypic variation (the P matrix) with divergence and selective covariance matrices, from which we could extract the major axes of the realized adaptive landscape (AL), the directions in which adaptive peaks shifted the most over evolutionary time. We also tested whether the major axes of the AL were related to selection on jumping performance. We found high alignment between patterns of variation across scales. Most divergence occurred in allometric size, defined as the first eigenvector of the P matrix. However, jumping performance gradients were unaligned with the major axes of the AL and the P matrix. Across species, however, evolution of maximum acceleration showed a strong negative relationship with changes in allometric size. We infer that the jumping peak evolved under fluctuating selection, and species have tracked the peak along the direction of most within-species variation, allometric size. We conclude that long-term hindlimb divergence was constrained by developmental interactions among traits associated with growth and not net directional selection. Nonetheless, divergence on size indirectly influenced jumping evolution.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"637-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the (Geometric) Mean: Stochastic Models Undermine Deterministic Predictions of Bet Hedger Evolution. 超越（几何）均值：随机模型破坏下注套期保值进化的确定性预测。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/735690

Maya Weissman, Zheng Yin, Yevgeniy Raynes, Daniel Weinreich

{"title":"Beyond the (Geometric) Mean: Stochastic Models Undermine Deterministic Predictions of Bet Hedger Evolution.","authors":"Maya Weissman, Zheng Yin, Yevgeniy Raynes, Daniel Weinreich","doi":"10.1086/735690","DOIUrl":"10.1086/735690","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBet hedging is a ubiquitous strategy for risk reduction in environments that change unpredictably, where a lineage lowers its variance in fitness across environments at the expense of also lowering its arithmetic mean fitness. Classically, the benefit of bet hedging has been quantified using geometric mean fitness (GMF); bet hedging is expected to evolve if and only if it has a higher GMF than the wild type. We build on previous research on the effect of incorporating stochasticity in phenotypic distribution, environment, and reproduction to investigate the extent to which these sources of stochasticity impact the evolution of real-world bet-hedging traits. We demonstrate that modeling stochasticity can alter the sign of selection for bet hedging compared with deterministic predictions. Bet hedging can be deleterious at small population sizes and beneficial at larger population sizes. This phenomenon occurs across parameter space for conservative and diversified bet hedgers. We apply our model to published data to show that incorporating stochasticity is necessary to explain the evolution of real-world bet-hedging traits, including Papaver dubium variable germination phenology, Salmonella typhimurium antibiotic persistence, and seed banking in Clarkia xantiana. Our results suggest that GMF is not enough to predict when bet hedging is adaptive in a wide range of scenarios.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"572-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relative Contributions of Size and Shape to Coral Demography. 大小和形状对珊瑚人口统计的相对贡献。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1086/735482

Guanyan Keelung Chen, Lisa C McManus, Tung-Yung Fan, Joshua S Madin

{"title":"Relative Contributions of Size and Shape to Coral Demography.","authors":"Guanyan Keelung Chen, Lisa C McManus, Tung-Yung Fan, Joshua S Madin","doi":"10.1086/735482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735482","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIt has been 40 years since T. P. Hughes put forward the idea that the size of modular corals is a better predictor of demographic fates than age. However, colonies of similar size may exhibit different shapes, and shape holds great ecological and evolutionary significance. This study used orthomosaics of coral reefs to track changes in 796 Pocillopora acuta colonies in Kenting National Park, Taiwan, over 2 years. We quantified relationships between coral demographic fates and three morphological traits: planar area (size), circularity (shape), and perimeter-to-area ratio, which integrates size and shape. Together, area and circularity consistently explained the most variation for all modular processes except shrinkage, which was explained best by area alone. Including circularity with area significantly improved the capacity to predict survival and fission, with large and circular colonies surviving better and with large and irregular colonies more prone to fission. Circularity also improved predictions of proportional area change, with smaller circular colonies experiencing higher rates of change. Fusion was unrelated to any single morphological trait, presumably because it relies on proximity in space. Perimeter-to-area ratio is the best single trait for survival prediction. Our results highlight that size and shape should both be considered for the demographic modeling of modular organisms.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"604-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accelerated Phenology Fails to Buffer Fitness Loss from Delayed Rain Onset in a Clade of Wildflowers. 加速物候学不能缓冲延迟降雨导致的野花适应性损失。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1086/735012

Samantha J Worthy, Sarah R Ashlock, Arquel Miller, Julin N Maloof, Sharon Y Strauss, Jennifer R Gremer, Johanna Schmitt

{"title":"Accelerated Phenology Fails to Buffer Fitness Loss from Delayed Rain Onset in a Clade of Wildflowers.","authors":"Samantha J Worthy, Sarah R Ashlock, Arquel Miller, Julin N Maloof, Sharon Y Strauss, Jennifer R Gremer, Johanna Schmitt","doi":"10.1086/735012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735012","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe timing of early life cycle events has cascading effects on phenology and fitness. These effects may be critical for climate resilience of plant populations, especially in Mediterranean environments, where delayed rainfall onset causes delayed germination. To examine impacts of germination timing on 10 species of the Streptanthus/Caulanthus clade, we induced germination across a range of dates in ambient seasonal conditions and recorded phenological and fitness traits. Later-germinating cohorts accelerated flowering, partially stabilizing flowering date, but the degree of this compensatory plasticity differed across species. Fitness declined with later germination; the magnitude of this decline depended on the balance between direct negative effects of later germination and compensatory positive effects of accelerated flowering. The resulting species' differences in fitness responses suggest differential vulnerability to climate change. Species from wetter, cooler, less variable habitats exhibited greater phenological plasticity, accelerating flowering more and declining less in seed set with later germination than desert species. However, other fitness responses to germination timing, such as first-year fitness, were evolutionarily labile across the clade and unrelated to climate. Although compensatory phenological plasticity may buffer the impacts of delayed germination, it cannot prevent long-term declines in population fitness as fall rains come later with climate change.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 5","pages":"485-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Body Size Plasticity and the Generality of Dehnel's Phenomenon in Sorex Shrews. 鼩鼱体型的季节性可塑性和Dehnel现象的普遍性。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1086/735018

Bryan S McLean, Kristin E Stierman, Leo R Ivey, Amanda K Weller, Olivia S Chapman, Ava C Miller, Jada S Byrd, Abigail Mendoza Garcia, Stephen E Greiman

{"title":"Seasonal Body Size Plasticity and the Generality of Dehnel's Phenomenon in Sorex Shrews.","authors":"Bryan S McLean, Kristin E Stierman, Leo R Ivey, Amanda K Weller, Olivia S Chapman, Ava C Miller, Jada S Byrd, Abigail Mendoza Garcia, Stephen E Greiman","doi":"10.1086/735018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735018","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDehnel's phenomenon describes a seasonal and reversible winter decrease in body size, which is a trait that predicts total energy demand. However, the phenomenon remains less well studied than common energy-saving or energy-seeking strategies of mammals. Here, we explore the generality of Dehnel's phenomenon in Sorex shrews on three continents. First, we use new field sampling to document seasonal phenotypic change in masked shrews (Sorex cinereus) in North America at the lowest latitude yet investigated for this species (35.7°). This includes the first documentation of appendicular skeleton remodification in Sorex. Summer-to-winter decreases in S. cinereus body mass, braincase height, and femur length were 13%, 11.5%, and 8.7%, respectively, with subsequent increases of each in second-year individuals. Second, we compile a comprehensive dataset of studies relevant to Dehnel's phenomenon to test whether seasonal plasticity in Sorex globally is related to climate, demonstrating that body and braincase plasticity are functions of cold season temperatures. Meta-analytical models for both of these traits generalized by (a) applying at both inter- and intraspecific scales and (b) predicting the seasonal change newly observed for S. cinereus. Our results support body size plasticity as an environmentally responsive innovation in these very small homeothermic mammals.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 5","pages":"537-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Female Audience Shapes the Complexity and Syntax of Male Courtship Displays in a Lek-Mating Bird. 雌性观众塑造了雄性lek交配鸟求偶表现的复杂性和句法。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1086/734995

David B McDonald, Liam U Taylor, Nicholas J Oakley

{"title":"Female Audience Shapes the Complexity and Syntax of Male Courtship Displays in a Lek-Mating Bird.","authors":"David B McDonald, Liam U Taylor, Nicholas J Oakley","doi":"10.1086/734995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/734995","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractCourtship displays of lek-mating Golden-winged Manakins (Masius chrysopterus) are context dependent. Presence or absence of a female audience and female behavior, more than male identity, determine variation in the constituent elements (repertoire) and ordering (syntax) of displays. We analyzed 422 display videos in three contexts: displays without audiences (SOLO; <math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>307</mn></mrow></math>), displays for female audiences that did not end in copulation (AUDI; <math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>102</mn></mrow></math>), and displays ending in copulation (COP; <math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></math>). Using entropy and a metric we call compressibility (ratio of compressed to uncompressed display strings), we found that ordering of elements (syntax) decreased in complexity from SOLO to AUDI to COP displays. Jaro string distance, a record-linkage metric for assessing string similarity, showed that display string syntax corresponded more to audience context than to performer identity. COP displays of individual males differed more from their own AUDI or SOLO displays than from the COP displays of other males. Males responded to female behavior-her consistent positioning downslope from him on the display log-with simple COP displays. Courtship displays of Golden-winged Manakins are dynamic interactions between females and males, depending more on male response to female audience behavior than on traits intrinsic to particular males.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 5","pages":"459-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Seed Size under Mixed Mating Systems When Predispersal and Postdispersal Inbreeding Depression Is Decoupled. 分散前和分散后近交抑制解耦时混合交配系统下最优种子大小。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1086/735011

Qiaoqiao Huang

{"title":"Optimal Seed Size under Mixed Mating Systems When Predispersal and Postdispersal Inbreeding Depression Is Decoupled.","authors":"Qiaoqiao Huang","doi":"10.1086/735011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735011","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractInbreeding depression (ID) has different components, and how these affect selection on seed size is currently unknown. Using an optimality model, I find that when pollen limitation selects for mixed mating systems, increased predispersal ID (abortion of selfed ovules) increases the optimal sizes of both selfed and outcrossed seeds, whereas increased seed size-independent postdispersal ID (reduced survival of selfed seeds) only increases the size of outcrossed seeds. The effect of decreased efficiency of maternal investment in selfed seeds depends on details of the model assumptions, but in many cases it will increase resource allocation to both types of seeds. If seed size-independent postdispersal ID is less than 0.5, predispersal ID will select for selfed seeds receiving more maternal investment than outcrossed seeds. The same is true for decreased efficiency of maternal investment. If decreased efficiency of maternal investment leads to a reduction in selfed seed size, selfed seeds may end up being smaller than outcrossed seeds. The model highlights the complex roles ID plays in determining seed size and indicates that empirical measurement of postdispersal ID may underestimate its extent. Tests of the model may help us understand whether plants can adaptively allocate resources differentially between selfed and outcrossed seeds.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 5","pages":"516-527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0