American Naturalist最新文献_第10页

A Test of Haldane's Rule in Neodiprion Sawflies and Implications for the Evolution of Postzygotic Isolation in Haplodiploids. Haldane法则在Neodiprion锯蝇中的检验及其对单倍体合子后分离进化的启示。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/724820

Emily E Bendall, Kayla M Mattingly, Amanda J Moehring, Catherine R Linnen

{"title":"A Test of Haldane's Rule in Neodiprion Sawflies and Implications for the Evolution of Postzygotic Isolation in Haplodiploids.","authors":"Emily E Bendall, Kayla M Mattingly, Amanda J Moehring, Catherine R Linnen","doi":"10.1086/724820","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724820","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHaldane's rule-a pattern in which hybrid sterility or inviability is observed in the heterogametic sex of an interspecific cross-is one of the most widely obeyed rules in nature. Because inheritance patterns are similar for sex chromosomes and haplodiploid genomes, Haldane's rule may apply to haplodiploid taxa, predicting that haploid male hybrids will evolve sterility or inviability before diploid female hybrids. However, there are several genetic and evolutionary mechanisms that may reduce the tendency of haplodiploids to obey Haldane's rule. Currently, there are insufficient data from haplodiploids to determine how frequently they adhere to Haldane's rule. To help fill this gap, we crossed a pair of haplodiploid hymenopteran species (Neodiprion lecontei and Neodiprion pinetum) and evaluated the viability and fertility of female and male hybrids. Despite considerable divergence, we found no evidence of reduced fertility in hybrids of either sex, consistent with the hypothesis that hybrid sterility evolves slowly in haplodiploids. For viability, we found a pattern opposite to that of Haldane's rule: hybrid females, but not males, had reduced viability. This reduction was most pronounced in one direction of the cross, possibly due to a cytoplasmic-nuclear incompatibility. We also found evidence of extrinsic postzygotic isolation in hybrids of both sexes, raising the possibility that this form or reproductive isolation tends to emerge early in speciation in host-specialized insects. Our work emphasizes the need for more studies on reproductive isolation in haplodiploids, which are abundant in nature but underrepresented in the speciation literature.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"40-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antagonistic Effects of Assortative Mating on the Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity along Environmental Gradients. 分类交配对表型可塑性沿环境梯度进化的拮抗作用。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1086/724579

Jean-Paul Soularue, Cyril Firmat, Thomas Caignard, Armel Thöni, Léo Arnoux, Sylvain Delzon, Ophélie Ronce, Antoine Kremer

{"title":"Antagonistic Effects of Assortative Mating on the Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity along Environmental Gradients.","authors":"Jean-Paul Soularue, Cyril Firmat, Thomas Caignard, Armel Thöni, Léo Arnoux, Sylvain Delzon, Ophélie Ronce, Antoine Kremer","doi":"10.1086/724579","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724579","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPrevious theory has shown that assortative mating for plastic traits can maintain genetic divergence across environmental gradients despite high gene flow. Yet these models did not examine how assortative mating affects the evolution of plasticity. We here describe patterns of genetic variation across elevation for plasticity in a trait under assortative mating, using multiple-year observations of budburst date in a common garden of sessile oaks. Despite high gene flow, we found significant spatial genetic divergence for the intercept, but not for the slope, of reaction norms to temperature. We then used individual-based simulations, where both the slope and the intercept of the reaction norm evolve, to examine how assortative mating affects the evolution of plasticity, varying the intensity and distance of gene flow. Our model predicts the evolution of either suboptimal plasticity (reaction norms with a slope shallower than optimal) or hyperplasticity (slopes steeper than optimal) in the presence of assortative mating when optimal plasticity would evolve under random mating. Furthermore, a cogradient pattern of genetic divergence for the intercept of the reaction norm (where plastic and genetic effects are in the same direction) always evolves in simulations with assortative mating, consistent with our observations in the studied oak populations.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"18-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10120184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Selection Maintains the Phenotypic Divergence of Cave and Surface Fish. 选择维持穴居鱼和表层鱼的表型差异。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1086/724661

Richard Borowsky

{"title":"Selection Maintains the Phenotypic Divergence of Cave and Surface Fish.","authors":"Richard Borowsky","doi":"10.1086/724661","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724661","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGenetic divergence in the presence of gene flow has been well documented, but there is little information on the specific factors maintaining divergence. The present study investigates this in the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), an excellent model for studying this question because surface and cave populations differ markedly in phenotype and genotype but are interfertile. Previous population studies documented significant gene flow among cave and surface populations, but they focused on analyses of neutral markers whose evolutionary dynamics likely differ from those of genes involved in cave adaptation. The present study advances our understanding of this question by focusing specifically on the genetics responsible for eye and pigmentation reduction, signature traits of cave populations. Direct observations of two cave populations over the course of 63 years verify that surface fish frequently move into the caves and even hybridize with the cave fish. Importantly, however, historical records show that surface alleles for pigmentation and eye size do not persist but are rapidly eliminated from the cave gene pool. It has been argued that regression of eyes and pigmentation was driven by drift, but the results of this study suggest that strong selection actively eliminates surface alleles from the cave populations.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10096925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Front and Back Matter 正面和背面

2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1086/726533

引用次数: 0

Compensatory Growth Is Accompanied by Changes in Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 but Not Markers of Cellular Aging in a Long-Lived Seabird. 代偿性生长伴随着胰岛素样生长因子1的变化，而不是长寿海鸟细胞衰老的标志。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.1086/724599

Aubrey E Sirman, Jacob E Schmidt, Mark E Clark, Jeffrey D Kittilson, Wendy L Reed, Britt J Heidinger

{"title":"Compensatory Growth Is Accompanied by Changes in Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 but Not Markers of Cellular Aging in a Long-Lived Seabird.","authors":"Aubrey E Sirman, Jacob E Schmidt, Mark E Clark, Jeffrey D Kittilson, Wendy L Reed, Britt J Heidinger","doi":"10.1086/724599","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724599","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDeveloping organisms often plastically modify growth in response to environmental circumstances, which may be adaptive but is expected to entail long-term costs. However, the mechanisms that mediate these growth adjustments and any associated costs are less well understood. In vertebrates, one mechanism that may be important in this context is the highly conserved signaling factor insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is frequently positively related to postnatal growth and negatively related to longevity. To test this idea, we exposed captive Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) to a physiologically relevant nutritional stressor by restricting food availability during postnatal development and examined the effects on growth, IGF-1, and two potential biomarkers of cellular and organismal aging (oxidative stress and telomeres). During food restriction, experimental chicks gained body mass more slowly and had lower IGF-1 levels than controls. Following food restriction, experimental chicks underwent compensatory growth, which was accompanied by an increase in IGF-1 levels. Interestingly, however, there were no significant effects of the experimental treatment or of variation in IGF-1 levels on oxidative stress or telomeres. These findings suggest that IGF-1 is responsive to changes in resource availability but is not associated with increased markers of cellular aging during development in this relatively long-lived species.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"78-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanistic Models of Trophic Interactions: Opportunities for Species Richness and Challenges for Modern Coexistence Theory. 营养相互作用的机制模型:物种丰富度的机遇和现代共存理论的挑战。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1086/724660

Jurg W Spaak, Peter B Adler, Stephen P Ellner

{"title":"Mechanistic Models of Trophic Interactions: Opportunities for Species Richness and Challenges for Modern Coexistence Theory.","authors":"Jurg W Spaak, Peter B Adler, Stephen P Ellner","doi":"10.1086/724660","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724660","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMany potential mechanisms promote species coexistence, but we know little about their relative importance. To compare multiple mechanisms, we modeled a two-trophic planktonic food web based on mechanistic species interactions and empirically measured species traits. We simulated thousands of possible communities under realistic and altered interaction strengths to assess the relative importance of three potential drivers of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness: resource-mediated coexistence mechanisms, predator-prey interactions, and trait trade-offs. Next, we computed niche and fitness differences of competing zooplankton to obtain a deeper understanding of how these mechanisms determine species richness. We found that predator-prey interactions were the most important driver of phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness and that large zooplankton fitness differences were associated with low species richness, but zooplankton niche differences were not associated with species richness. However, for many communities we could not apply modern coexistence theory to compute niche and fitness differences of zooplankton because of conceptual issues with the invasion growth rates arising from trophic interactions. We therefore need to expand modern coexistence theory to fully investigate multitrophic-level communities.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"E1-E16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Filial Cannibalism Leads to Chronic Nest Failure of Eastern Hellbender Salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis). 子代同类相食导致东部地狱火蜥蜴(隐branchus alleganiensis)慢性巢失。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1086/724819

William A Hopkins, Brian F Case, Jordy Groffen, George C Brooks, Catherine M Bodinof Jachowski, Sky T Button, John J Hallagan, Rebecca S M O'Brien, Holly K Kindsvater

{"title":"Filial Cannibalism Leads to Chronic Nest Failure of Eastern Hellbender Salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis).","authors":"William A Hopkins, Brian F Case, Jordy Groffen, George C Brooks, Catherine M Bodinof Jachowski, Sky T Button, John J Hallagan, Rebecca S M O'Brien, Holly K Kindsvater","doi":"10.1086/724819","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724819","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn species that provide parental care, parents will sometimes cannibalize their own young (i.e., filial cannibalism). Here, we quantified the frequency of whole-clutch filial cannibalism in a species of giant salamander (eastern hellbender; Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) that has experienced precipitous population declines with unknown causes. We used underwater artificial nesting shelters deployed across a gradient of upstream forest cover to assess the fates of 182 nests at 10 sites over 8 years. We found strong evidence that nest failure rates increased at sites with low riparian forest cover in the upstream catchment. At several sites, reproductive failure was 100%, mainly due to cannibalism by the caring male. The high incidence of filial cannibalism at degraded sites was not explained by evolutionary hypotheses for filial cannibalism based on poor adult body condition or low reproductive value of small clutches. Instead, larger clutches at degraded sites were most vulnerable to cannibalism. We hypothesize that high frequencies of filial cannibalism of large clutches in areas with low forest cover could be related to changes in water chemistry or siltation that influence parental physiology or that reduce the viability of eggs. Importantly, our results identify chronic nest failure as a possible mechanism contributing to population declines and observed geriatric age structure in this imperiled species.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"92-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10096931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Landscape Structure Affects Metapopulation-Scale Tipping Points. 景观结构影响超人口规模引爆点。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1086/724550

Camille Saade, Emanuel A Fronhofer, Benoît Pichon, Sonia Kéfi

引用次数: 1

A Case for the "Competitive Exclusion-Tolerance Rule" as a General Cause of Species Turnover along Environmental Gradients. “竞争性排斥-容忍规则”作为物种沿环境梯度更替的一般原因的案例。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1086/724683

Paul R Martin, Cameron K Ghalambor

{"title":"A Case for the \"Competitive Exclusion-Tolerance Rule\" as a General Cause of Species Turnover along Environmental Gradients.","authors":"Paul R Martin, Cameron K Ghalambor","doi":"10.1086/724683","DOIUrl":"10.1086/724683","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractClosely related, ecologically similar species often segregate their distributions along environmental gradients of time, space, and resources, but previous research suggests diverse underlying causes. Here, we review reciprocal removal studies in nature that experimentally test the role of interactions among species in determining their turnover along environmental gradients. We find consistent evidence for asymmetric exclusion coupled with differences in environmental tolerance causing the segregation of species pairs, where a dominant species excludes a subordinate from benign regions of the gradient but is unable to tolerate challenging regions to which the subordinate species is adapted. Subordinate species were consistently smaller and performed better in regions of the gradient typically occupied by the dominant species compared with their native distribution. These results extend previous ideas contrasting competitive ability with adaptation to abiotic stress to include a broader diversity of species interactions (intraguild predation, reproductive interference) and environmental gradients, including gradients of biotic challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that adaptation to environmental challenge compromises performance in antagonistic interactions with ecologically similar species. The consistency of this pattern across diverse organisms, environments, and biomes suggests generalizable processes structuring the segregation of ecologically similar species along disparate environmental gradients, a phenomenon that we propose should be named the competitive exclusion-tolerance rule.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"202 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Holobiont Evolution: Population Theory for the Hologenome. 全息生物进化:全息基因组的种群理论。

IF 2.9 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1086/723782

Joan Roughgarden

{"title":"Holobiont Evolution: Population Theory for the Hologenome.","authors":"Joan Roughgarden","doi":"10.1086/723782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723782","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article develops mathematical theory for the population dynamics of microbiomes with their hosts and for holobiont evolution caused by holobiont selection. The objective is to account for the formation of microbiome-host integration. Microbial population dynamic parameters must mesh with the host's for coexistence. A horizontally transmitted microbiome is a genetic system with \"collective inheritance.\" The microbial source pool in the environment corresponds to the gamete pool for nuclear genes. Poisson sampling of the microbial source pool corresponds to binomial sampling of the gamete pool. However, holobiont selection on the microbiome does not lead to a counterpart of the Hardy-Weinberg law or to directional selection that always fixes microbial genes conferring the highest holobiont fitness. A microbe might strike an optimal fitness balance between lowering its within-host fitness while increasing holobiont fitness. Such microbes are replaced by otherwise identical microbes that contribute nothing to holobiont fitness. This replacement can be reversed by hosts that initiate immune responses to nonhelpful microbes. This discrimination leads to microbial species sorting. Host-orchestrated species sorting followed by microbial competition, rather than coevolution or multilevel selection, is predicted to be the cause of microbiome-host integration.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"201 6","pages":"763-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9586906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7