American Naturalist最新文献

Prenatal Cues of Predation Risk Modulate the Lasting Effects of Postnatal Predator Exposure in Gull Chicks. 捕食风险的产前提示调节海鸥雏鸟出生后捕食者暴露的持久影响。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1086/735834

Susana Cortés-Manzaneque, Sin-Yeon Kim, Jose C Noguera, Francisco Ruiz-Raya, Alberto Velando

{"title":"Prenatal Cues of Predation Risk Modulate the Lasting Effects of Postnatal Predator Exposure in Gull Chicks.","authors":"Susana Cortés-Manzaneque, Sin-Yeon Kim, Jose C Noguera, Francisco Ruiz-Raya, Alberto Velando","doi":"10.1086/735834","DOIUrl":"10.1086/735834","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPrenatal environmental cues can affect embryonic development to produce suitable phenotypes to match the expected conditions after birth. In gulls, parental alarm calls during incubation affect postnatal antipredator behavior, but how chicks integrate reliable prenatal and postnatal information and how this influences their development and viability remain unclear. In this study, we performed a match-mismatch experiment in which we manipulated acoustic cues of predator presence during embryonic development (adult alarm calls vs. colony noise) and the nestling period (simulated intrusions of a mink decoy triggering adult alarm calls vs. a rabbit decoy) in yellow-legged gulls. Our results show that embryonic exposure to predator cues alters the antipredator responses of chicks in early postnatal life, as indicated by increased tonic immobility. Chicks exposed to prenatal adult alarm calls also displayed faster crouching behavior but, unexpectedly, only in the absence of predators during the postnatal period. Chicks exposed to postnatal predator presence begged less during a standardized begging behavior test. The chicks experiencing mismatched prenatal and postnatal cues of predator presence showed smaller skeletal size and greater genomic damage at fledging compared with those developed in matched environments. Our results highlight the importance of the late embryonic stage in shaping phenotypic outcomes, depending on alignment with the postnatal environment.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"64-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying Phylogenetic and Nonphylogenetic Patterns in the Richness, Frequency, and Identity of Links in a Herbivore-Parasitoid Interaction Network. 草食-寄生蜂相互作用网络中丰富度、频率和链接特性的系统发育和非系统发育模式量化。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1086/735854

Frazer H Sinclair, Chang-Ti Tang, Richard I Bailey, György L Csóka, George Melika, James A Nicholls, José-Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Alex Reiss, Y Miles Zhang, Albert B Phillimore, Karsten Schönrogge, Graham N Stone

{"title":"Quantifying Phylogenetic and Nonphylogenetic Patterns in the Richness, Frequency, and Identity of Links in a Herbivore-Parasitoid Interaction Network.","authors":"Frazer H Sinclair, Chang-Ti Tang, Richard I Bailey, György L Csóka, George Melika, James A Nicholls, José-Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Alex Reiss, Y Miles Zhang, Albert B Phillimore, Karsten Schönrogge, Graham N Stone","doi":"10.1086/735854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735854","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractUncovering the patterns and structure in species interactions is central to understanding community assembly and dynamics. Species interact via their phenotypes, but identifying and quantifying the traits that structure species-specific interactions (links) can be challenging. Where these traits show phylogenetic signal, link properties (such as which species interact and how often) may be predictable using models that incorporate phylogenies in place of trait data. However, quantification of phylogenetic patterns in link properties is conceptually and methodologically challenging because it requires coestimation of multiple phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic pattern types in interaction data for multiple sites while controlling for confounding effects and making biologically plausible assumptions about which species can interact. Here we show how this can be done in a Bayesian mixed modeling framework, using data for trophic interactions between oak cynipid galls and parasitoid natural enemies. We find strong signatures of cophylogeny (i.e., related parasitoids attack related host galls) in both link incidence (presence/absence) and link frequency data, alongside patterns in link incidence/richness and identity across sites that are independent of either parasitoid or gall wasp phylogeny. Our results are robust to substantially reduced sample completeness and are consistent with structuring of trophic interactions by a combination of phylogenetically conserved and phylogenetically labile traits in both trophic levels. We show that incorporation of phylogenetic relationships into analyses of species interactions has substantial explanatory power even in the absence of trait data, with potential applied use in prediction of natural enemies of invading pests and nontarget hosts of biocontrol agents.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"E1-E28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fall Advances in the Timing of Molt in Birds in the Southwestern United States. 美国西南部鸟类蜕皮时间的秋季研究进展。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/735848

Kyle D Kittelberger, Montague H C Neate-Clegg, Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu

{"title":"Fall Advances in the Timing of Molt in Birds in the Southwestern United States.","authors":"Kyle D Kittelberger, Montague H C Neate-Clegg, Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu","doi":"10.1086/735848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735848","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMolt is a critical event in the annual cycle of birds. Although we know an increasing amount about the impacts of climate change on the timing of other avian events, there has been relatively limited work conducted on changes in molt phenology over time. In this study, we utilized a 13-year bird-banding dataset from southeastern Utah to examine long-term trends in the molt timing of body and flight feathers during both the spring and the fall migratory seasons, accounting for temporal trends in nonmolting birds and how trends may vary between different sexes and ages of birds. We found that there were no significant temporal trends in molt timing in the spring but there were significant trends in the fall, such that birds were advancing the timing of their body and flight feather molt over time. Finally, we highlight the significant influence of climate on molt phenology: El Niño/Southern Oscillation and maximum temperature were both associated with advances in spring body molt, maximum temperature was associated with delays in fall flight feather molt timing, and precipitation was associated with advances in both fall body and flight feather molt timing. This study provides the first examination of long-term trends in the molt phenology of North American birds, showing that over the past decade, birds in the western United States have advanced their feather molt timing in the fall at a rate of roughly one day/year.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"44-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bending the Course of Evolution: How Mutualistic Interactions Affect Macroevolutionary Dynamics of Diversification in Mimetic Ithomiini Butterflies. 弯曲进化过程：互惠相互作用如何影响拟石蝴蝶多样化的宏观进化动力学。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1086/735835

Nicolas Chazot, Mariana P Braga, Thomas G Aubier, Violaine Llaurens, Keith R Willmott, Marianne Elias

{"title":"Bending the Course of Evolution: How Mutualistic Interactions Affect Macroevolutionary Dynamics of Diversification in Mimetic Ithomiini Butterflies.","authors":"Nicolas Chazot, Mariana P Braga, Thomas G Aubier, Violaine Llaurens, Keith R Willmott, Marianne Elias","doi":"10.1086/735835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735835","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDisentangling the relative importance of biotic versus abiotic factors at a macroevolutionary scale is key to our understanding of the processes of diversification. Mutualistic Müllerian mimicry is a compelling example of an ecological interaction that affects population and species ecology and evolution. Here, we test how Müllerian mimicry shapes macroevolutionary patterns of diversification in the Ithomiini butterflies. We show that the age of color patterns is the most important predictor of species richness within mimicry rings but does not predict phylogenetic diversity of mimicry rings. We find pervasive phylogenetic signal in mimicry rings and in color patterns associated within polymorphic species. Only a small set of mimicry rings show high phylogenetic diversity. We identify patterns of saturation in the accumulation of new mimicry rings and in the number of evolutionary convergences toward the most species-rich mimicry rings. We discuss how the time-dependent effects detected in our study illustrate how neutral processes and ecological interactions interact and shape species and phenotypic diversification. Our results show that selection driven by mimetic interaction has not erased the effect of time and phylogenetic signal on the formation of mimicry rings but ecological saturation linked to mimetic interactions affected the dynamics of color pattern evolution and species diversification.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allee Effects, Colonization, and Extinction: The Surprising Benefits of Demographic Stochasticity. Allee效应，殖民化和灭绝：人口统计学随机性的惊人好处。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/735833

Angela Gong, Emma J Walker, Benjamin Gilbert

{"title":"Allee Effects, Colonization, and Extinction: The Surprising Benefits of Demographic Stochasticity.","authors":"Angela Gong, Emma J Walker, Benjamin Gilbert","doi":"10.1086/735833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735833","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDemographic stochasticity and Allee effects are two common mechanisms that increase extinction risk in small populations. High demographic stochasticity produces population fluctuations that cause extinction in small populations. Meanwhile, strong Allee effects create low-density thresholds, where growth rates are negative below the threshold and positive above. We hypothesized that stochastic fluctuations may drive populations over these thresholds, increasing the probability that a population establishes in a habitat. To test this hypothesis, we utilized properties of discrete-time Markov processes and a Ricker model with an Allee effect to quantify colonization and extinction rates. We show that demographic stochasticity can increase colonization rates over a range of carrying capacities in populations with strong Allee effects. In contrast, while higher demographic stochasticity always increases extinction rates of established populations, waiting times to extinction due to demographic stochasticity often exceed thousands of generations, even at relatively small carrying capacities (<math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></math>). Given the frequency of catastrophic disturbances such as fires, extinction rates from demographic stochasticity are near negligible even in small populations with strong Allee effects. Thus, the net effect of demographic stochasticity is often positive. Overall, our study provides novel insights into a mechanism through which demographic stochasticity promotes species persistence.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Declines in the Presence of Resistant Nuclear Backgrounds. 抗核背景下细胞质雄性不育性下降。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/735820

Fanny Laugier, Kévin Béthune, Florian Plumel, Céline Froissard, Jean-Marc Donnay, Timothée Chenin, François Rousset, Patrice David

{"title":"Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Declines in the Presence of Resistant Nuclear Backgrounds.","authors":"Fanny Laugier, Kévin Béthune, Florian Plumel, Céline Froissard, Jean-Marc Donnay, Timothée Chenin, François Rousset, Patrice David","doi":"10.1086/735820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735820","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGenomic conflicts arise when different genes in a genome are selected for opposite phenotypic effects. One well-known conflict occurs in plants, between mitochondrial genes causing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and their nuclear suppressors, called restorers of male fertility. The evolution of CMS-restorer polymorphisms has been modeled many times, but empirical validations remain indirect. Here we use a new biological model, a freshwater snail, to directly observe evolutionary trajectories. In this species, CMS-associated mitogenomes coexist with male-fertile ones in populations. Models predict such a coexistence when nuclear restorers make CMS mitogenomes less fit than male-fertile ones, thus preventing the fixation of CMS. During 11 generations of experimental evolution, we observed rapid decreases in the frequency of CMS mitogenomes in a restorer-rich nuclear background, with an estimated ∼20% fitness disadvantage, consistent with theoretical conditions for the maintenance of cytonuclear polymorphism. In parallel, in an ancillary experiment, eggs laid by isolated snails carrying CMS showed a reduced hatching rate. Although significant, this reduction did not reach 20%, suggesting that fitness differentials in populations are enhanced by competition or rely on unmeasured traits. Our study illustrates the speed at which evolution can proceed in the context of cytonuclear conflicts over sex allocation.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"206 1","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Female-Specific Color Signal? Black-Mottled Bills Indicate Breeding in Female Common Waxbills. 女性特有的颜色信号？黑色斑驳的喙表明雌性普通蜡喙正在繁殖。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/735832

Gonçalo C Cardoso, Helena Reis Batalha

引用次数: 0

Poles Apart: The Structure and Composition of the Bird Community in Bamboo in the Eastern Himalaya. 两极之隔：东喜马拉雅竹林鸟类群落的结构与组成。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1086/735417

Sidharth Srinivasan, Dambar Kumar Pradhan, Shambu Rai, Aman Biswakarma, Umesh Srinivasan

引用次数: 0

Seeing Halos: Spatial and Consumer-Resource Constraints to Landscapes of Fear. 看到光环：恐惧景观的空间和消费者资源约束。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1086/735688

Theresa W Ong, Lisa C McManus, Vítor V Vasconcelos, Luojun Yang, Chenyang Su

{"title":"Seeing Halos: Spatial and Consumer-Resource Constraints to Landscapes of Fear.","authors":"Theresa W Ong, Lisa C McManus, Vítor V Vasconcelos, Luojun Yang, Chenyang Su","doi":"10.1086/735688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735688","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractVegetation-free space, or \"halos,\" surrounding habitat patches are visually striking spatial phenomena observed in various ecosystems. These halos are linked to the landscape of fear hypothesis, where risk-averse herbivores concentrate grazing near safe shelters within their habitat. We develop theory demonstrating how habitat distribution shapes trophic interactions, leading to alternative stable states in spatial patterns. Using coral reefs as a model system, we investigate the relationship between halo patterns and predator populations. Specifically, we address the inconsistency between theoretical predictions and empirical observations, where halos are absent in some protected reefs and their sizes are uncorrelated with predator abundance. Our findings reveal that long-term coral distribution patterns influence trophic interactions, supporting the landscape of fear hypothesis. When coral patches are dispersed, herbivore shelter from predators is more evenly distributed across the seascape, facilitating overgrazing and halo oscillation. When coral patches are clustered, limited shelter stabilizes halos, but reduced herbivore limitation can also drive critical transitions to cycles with low vegetation that are difficult to reverse. Discordance between theory and observations may therefore arise from differences in underlying spatial shelter distribution, with broad implications for how landscapes of fear emerge from patchy ecosystems to signal resilience.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"590-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback, and Extinction in Metapopulations. 遗传负荷、生态进化反馈和大种群的灭绝。

IF 2.4 2区环境科学与生态学

American Naturalist Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1086/735562

Oluwafunmilola Olusanya, Ksenia Khudiakova, Himani Sachdeva

{"title":"Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback, and Extinction in Metapopulations.","authors":"Oluwafunmilola Olusanya, Ksenia Khudiakova, Himani Sachdeva","doi":"10.1086/735562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735562","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHabitat fragmentation poses a significant risk to population survival, causing both demographic stochasticity and genetic drift within local populations to increase, thereby increasing genetic load. Higher load causes population numbers to decline, which reduces the efficiency of selection and further increases load, resulting in a positive feedback that may drive entire populations to extinction. Here, we investigate this eco-evolutionary feedback in a metapopulation consisting of local demes connected via migration, with individuals subject to deleterious mutation at a large number of loci. We first analyze the determinants of load under soft selection, where population sizes are fixed, and then build on this to understand hard selection, where population sizes and load coevolve. We show that under soft selection, very little gene flow (less than one migrant per generation) is enough to prevent fixation of deleterious alleles. By contrast, much higher levels of migration are required to mitigate load and prevent extinction when selection is hard, with critical migration thresholds for metapopulation persistence increasing sharply as the genome-wide deleterious mutation rate becomes comparable to the baseline population growth rate. Moreover, critical migration thresholds are highest if deleterious mutations have intermediate selection coefficients but lower if alleles are predominantly recessive rather than additive (due to more efficient purging of recessive load within local populations). Our analysis is based on a combination of analytical approximations and simulations, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing load and extinction in fragmented populations.","PeriodicalId":50800,"journal":{"name":"American Naturalist","volume":"205 6","pages":"617-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0