Catalysis Letters最新文献

{"title":"Simple, Effective and Green Synthesis of N-Heterocycles Using g- C3N4 Nanosheets as Photocatalyst Under Visible Light Irradiation","authors":"Murugan Arunachalapandi,&nbsp;C. Duraivathi","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05049-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05049-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>g- C₃N₄ nanosheets promote the finest visible light active photocatalyst in last decay’s, owing to inexpensive, 2D nanomaterial, good stability, excellent bandgap and visible light active semiconductor material. In this paper, we prepared highly active g- C₃N₄ nanosheets from polymerization of melamine monomer. The photocatalytic behavior and elemental nature has been further analysed by using XRD, UV-DRS, FT-IR, FE-SEM and TEM spectroscopic techniques. Besides, the bandgap ranged from 2.67 eV between VB and CB for g- C₃N₄ nanosheets conforms from UV-DRS analysis. The free electrons present in π bonds of g- C₃N₄ nanosheets were absorb light energy and electron–hole charge carries formed to attack reactants. Photocatalytic application was worked in the synthesis of N-heterocycles under blue LED irradiation. g- C₃N₄ nanosheets has enormous activity for the heterocycle synthesis in short reaction time, high yield, ease recovery and reusability to next several runs without cost of its catalytic activity under blue LED medium.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Magnetic Nanoparticles Immobilized Ionic Liquids and Catalytic Synthesis of Bisphenol Compounds","authors":"Lihao Ma,&nbsp;Meng Ye,&nbsp;Xinxin Lu,&nbsp;Limei Yu,&nbsp;Zhanxian Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05060-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05060-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aiming to overcome the high viscosity, separation difficulties, and industrial application limitations of conventional ionic liquids molecular catalytic systems, a series of composite catalysts that immobilized the functional ionic liquids to the magnetic nanoparticles were successfully prepared by non-covalently attaching sulfhydryl-containing organic salt onto the surface of nanoparticles. The structural characterization results from FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and VSM confirmed the successful immobilization and retention of superparamagnetic properties. The catalytic performance was evaluated in the condensation reaction of 9-fluorenone with phenol to produce 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene. Under optimal conditions (100 °C, 5 h, 1:6 substrate ratio, 0.2 equiv catalysts) achieved complete conversion of the substrate feedstock and accompanied by a product selectivity of 96.4%. The catalysts exhibited excellent recyclability (complete conversion of 9-fluorenone and &gt; 90% selectivity of products after six cycles) and terrific selectivity for bisphenol products (e.g., bisphenol A, B, and Z) with high selectivity (74.6–93.1%). Compared to homogeneous ionic liquids and traditional acids catalysts, the immobilized ionic liquids (IILs) combined high catalytic activity with facile magnetic separation. This study indicates that magnetically IILs have potential applications in the catalytic synthesis of bisphenol compounds.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendritic Composite Photocatalyst AgVO3/ZnIn2S4: Preparation and Study on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Performance","authors":"Jia Du,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Yonghui Wang,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Shunshun Yu,&nbsp;Yan Xue,&nbsp;Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Keliang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05053-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05053-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To mitigate the problem of rapid charge carrier recombination in isolated ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalysts, researchers developed an AgVO₃/ZnIn₂S₄ hybrid material through controlled composite formation. The photocatalytic reaction facilitated the reduction of Ag⁺ ions to metallic Ag nanoparticles, which effectively mediated electron transfer processes. This investigation systematically evaluated how different AgVO₃ incorporation levels influenced the composite hydrogen generation efficiency. Optimal performance was achieved with the 20 wt% AgVO₃/ZnIn₂S₄ formulation, demonstrating exceptional photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen yield of 15.932 mmol·g^− 1·h^− 1 and a corresponding photocurrent density of 13.33 µA·cm^− 2. These findings confirm that the engineered composite architecture successfully suppresses charge recombination while significantly boosting photocatalytic performance. The developed modification approach for ZnIn₂S₄ provides important insights for future catalyst design and optimization strategies. This research represents meaningful progress in developing robust and high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for sustainable hydrogen production and related energy applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Oxide Modified Ni-CoTCPP/TiO2NTs Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction","authors":"Tongxin Xiao,&nbsp;Xige Wu,&nbsp;Hongbao Liang,&nbsp;Kangyue Qiao,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Chao Sui,&nbsp;Songyao Du,&nbsp;Yue Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05056-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05056-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the face of the global energy crisis and the pressing need for CO₂ reduction, developing efficient CO₂ photocatalytic conversion technologies is of significant. In this study, a new artificial photosynthesis system for reducing CO₂ to CH₄ was established by imitating natural photosynthesis. Porphyrins in plants are the carriers of photosynthesis in nature, composite catalysts were prepared by bimetallic porphyrin and TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TiO₂NTs). Meanwhile, because of the defects of poor conductivity of the porphyrin-TiO₂ composite catalyst, the Ni-Co bimetallic porphyrins (Ni-CoTCPP) / graphene oxide (GO) /TiO₂NTs composite photocatalyst was constructed by loading GO to effectively separate electron-hole and further improve the reduction performance. Experimental results show that this composite material exhibits significantly enhanced CO₂ photocatalytic reduction activity under simulated solar light, with a CH₄ production rate of up to 61.55 µmol·cm⁻²·h⁻¹ and an apparent quantum efficiency of 1.2%, approximately 8.6 times higher than that of pure TiO₂NTs. Furthermore, based on the results of photocatalytic evaluation and photo(electro)chemical analysis, a possible mechanism for CO₂ photoreduction over the Ni-CoTCPP/GO/TiO₂NTs photocatalyst was proposed.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate via Urea Alcoholysis: Interplay of Metal Salt Valence States and Ammonia Adsorption Dynamics","authors":"Dongxia Wang,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiyong Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05046-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05046-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of transition metal sulfates and rare earth metal sulfates were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the catalytic alcoholysis reaction of glycerol with urea to produce glyceryl carbonate. The optimal catalytic conditions were explored and the catalytic performance of various metal sulfates were compared. Compared with bivalent metal salts, trivalent metal sulfates showed higher catalytic activity, with La₂(SO₄)₃ demonstrating the highest catalytic performance in particular. By analyzing the ammonia absorption capacity of divalent metal salts and the thermal decomposition performance of metal coordination compounds, it was found that ZnSO₄ exhibited the highest ammonia absorption capacity, consistent with the catalytic activity of ZnSO₄. The activation energy for the decomposition of Cu(NH₃)₄SO₄·H₂O to Cu(NH₃)SO₄·H₂O was lower than that of Ni(NH₃)₆SO₄ to Ni(NH₃)₂SO₄, indicating that Cu²⁺ is more easily separated from –NH₂ group in urea during the catalysis process. This finding aligns with the observed catalytic activity of the metal salts.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Dispersed Pt/γ-Al2O3/Al Structured Mesh-Type Catalysts Prepared by Competitive Adsorption Method Applied in Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion: Start-up Performance and Mass Transfer Enhancement","authors":"Hongye Lu,&nbsp;MeiJia Cao,&nbsp;Zukun Xie,&nbsp;Qingli Shu,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05063-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05063-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing utilization of hydrogen fuel cells underscores the growing significance of addressing the issue of hydrogen (H₂) leakage. Catalytic hydrogen combustion (CHC) is widely considered as an exceptionally promising safety measure due to its ability to mitigate the release of H₂ at 25 ℃. A high dispersion mesh-type Pt/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalyst was prepared using the competitive adsorption method, which found that the particle size of platinum (Pt) was constrained by the spatial constraint effect of lactic acid. Compared with the conventional impregnation method, the addition of lactic acid promoted the migration of Pt into the γ-Al₂O₃/Al pore channels, as a result, the particle size of Pt was reduced from 5.8 to 3.3 nm when lactic acid increased to 0.15 mol/L. It can be demonstrated that catalysts with smaller Pt particle size starts within 5 min in CHC reaction, which is 1/9 of that of the catalyst with large Pt particles. In contrast to granular catalysts, the effect of diffusion in the CHC reaction was effectively reduced by mesh structure, thus facilitating the rapid removal of reaction-generated water from the catalyst surface. This resulted in the combination of reactor macroscale flow and transfer with the surface interface of catalytically active components.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10562-025-05063-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-free magnetic nanoparticles as a novel support for targeted enzyme immobilization: cobalt- and nickel-based systems","authors":"Graziela Paludo,&nbsp;Fernanda Leonhardt,&nbsp;Adriano Gennari,&nbsp;Edilson Valmir Benvenutti,&nbsp;Sabrina Nicolodi,&nbsp;Tânia Maria Haas Costa,&nbsp;Nathalia Denise de Moura Sperotto,&nbsp;Cristiano Valim Bizarro,&nbsp;Luiz Augusto Basso,&nbsp;Pablo Machado,&nbsp;Gaby Renard,&nbsp;Jocelei Maria Chies,&nbsp;Giandra Volpato,&nbsp;Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05057-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05057-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-iron magnetic nanoparticles synthesized through a rapid and low-cost process present a promising platform for the oriented immobilization of His-tagged enzymes, enabling efficient magnetic recovery from the reaction medium. In this study, we explored the potential of a novel strategy for developing iron-free magnetic supports aimed at enhancing enzyme reuse in industrial processes. Here, we report the synthesis of cobalt- and nickel-based magnetic nanoparticles via one-pot methods and their evaluation as supports for the targeted immobilization of a recombinant His-tagged β-galactosidase from <i>Kluyveromyces</i> sp. (HisGal). Both supports achieved high immobilization efficiency, with optimal loading at 30 U_enzyme/g_support. Structural and compositional analyses, including X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission infrared spectroscopy, revealed superior performance of cobalt nanoparticles, enabling more effective oriented immobilization of HisGal. Immobilization on cobalt- or nickel-based nanoparticles shifted the optimal temperature of β-galactosidase to 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively, and broadened the pH range of enzymatic activity. The immobilized biocatalysts demonstrated enhanced operational stability, maintaining activity over 25 reuse cycles, and improved the resistance of HisGal against thermal degradation and inhibitory effects caused by the presence of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions. Moreover, cobalt-based supports significantly reduced galactose inhibition and enhanced lactose affinity in skim milk systems. These findings highlight the versatility and biotechnological potential of iron-free cobalt- and nickel-based magnetic nanoparticles as efficient supports for enzyme immobilization, offering rapid and efficient recovery of immobilized β-galactosidase and contributing to the economic viability of these processes.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Highly Selective CuZnY Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol","authors":"Yao Cai,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Dingran Wang,&nbsp;Tianfu Zhang,&nbsp;Ting Fan,&nbsp;Di Fu,&nbsp;Yanghui Lu,&nbsp;Gonggang Sun,&nbsp;Xinbao Li,&nbsp;Kaige Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05048-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05048-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving carbon neutrality through CO₂ hydrogenation is critical for sustainable energy and chemical industries, where methanol production remains a key target. Despite existing catalysts, challenges persist in low CO₂ conversion, poor methanol selectivity, and activity instability. This study introduces a novel ternary Cu/Zn/Y catalyst synthesized via co-precipitation to address these limitations. Tested under 5 MPa, 250 °C, H₂/CO₂ = 3:1, and 12,000 h⁻¹, the catalyst achieved a CO₂ conversion rate of 16.6% and a methanol selectivity of 56.6%, outperforming the CuZnAl benchmark with a 14.3% higher methanol space-time yield (402.3 mg/(gcat·h)). Optimal yttrium doping enhanced methanol selectivity by 20%, attributed to improved copper dispersion. However, excess Y occupancy disrupted Cu–Zn interactions, reducing CO₂ conversion and stability, highlighting critical trade-offs. These insight underscore the potential of Cu/Zn/Y catalysts for carbon-neutral technologies and emphasize the need for optimized Y doping to balance selectivity and stability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalysis Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Ethanolamine Solution Using CuO/ZnO/ZnFe2O4","authors":"Rania Farouq,&nbsp;Agid Remadan,&nbsp;Nasser A. M. Barakat,&nbsp;Haidar Saify Nabiabad,&nbsp;A. M. Dorgham","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05058-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05058-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Refineries produce large amounts of H₂S, which can be decomposed in the well-known Claus process to turn into sulfur and water. Due to the expensive chemical process and additional serious environmental issues, it causes, this approach is not commercially viable. Therefore, herein we have shown how to degrade toxic H₂S using phocatalysis, a green, non-conventional energy source that is also environmentally friendly. In this research, laboratory experiments were conducted on a sample of diethanolamine solution (DEA) loaded with H₂S from gas associated with oil at “the Swedish Gas Plant” in Syria. We have investigated the use of nanostructured CuO/ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalyst for the degradation of H₂S. The microstructure of the newly prepared CuO/ZnO/ ZnFe₂O₄ was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX or EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effect of <i>p</i>H and catalyst dosage was investigated on the photocatalyst performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hydroformylation via Autogenous Cobalt Carbonyl Species Derived from a Heterogeneous Cobalt–Zirconium Precursor","authors":"Jie Liu,&nbsp;Jiangang Chen,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Hengyuan Lei,&nbsp;Mei Dong","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05047-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05047-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydroformylation of 1-olefins derived from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) provides an alternative production of oxygen-containing chemicals such as aldehyde or alcohols. Traditionally, homogeneous catalysts have been adopted in the case. Nonetheless, heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts exhibit facile separation from liquid reactants, offering an opportunity for the continuous improvement of process. Taking homogeneous cobalt carbonyl species (Co₂(CO)₈) catalyst as a reference, the influence of heterogeneous cobalt–zirconium (Co–ZrO₂) catalyst preparation parameters, as well as process conditions on hydroformylation, was studied. Based on the hot filtration and recycle test, it is evident that the hydroformylation catalyzed by Co–ZrO₂ essentially occurred via cobalt carbonyl intermediate species, which was further confirmed by the cobalt loss. Nonetheless, the Co–ZrO₂ catalyst parameters such as the reducibility or crystalline size of Co, as well as reaction conditions like stirring speed rate and hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide (H₂/CO) ratio, influence the formation rate of labile Co₂(CO)₈, thus modifying the hydroformylation. In addition, the Co–ZrO₂ catalyst yielded a significant number of isomerized products, 2-hexene, due to abundance of cobalt ion (Co²⁺) or Co–ZrO₂ interface. The hydroformylation and isomerization mechanism over a heterogeneous Co–ZrO₂ catalyst are schemed to explain those observations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}