Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05187-2
Daynahi Franco Peláez, Julia Liliana Rodríguez Santillán, Tatyana Poznyak, Hugo Martínez Gutiérrez, Jorge L. Vazquez-Arce, Luis Alberto Moreno Ruiz, Jose Alberto Andraca Adame, Claudia Jazmín Ramos Torres
{"title":"Synthesis of Ni–Ce Thin Films via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis: Composition–Activity Relationship in Catalytic Ozonation for Methylparaben Elimination","authors":"Daynahi Franco Peláez, Julia Liliana Rodríguez Santillán, Tatyana Poznyak, Hugo Martínez Gutiérrez, Jorge L. Vazquez-Arce, Luis Alberto Moreno Ruiz, Jose Alberto Andraca Adame, Claudia Jazmín Ramos Torres","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05187-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05187-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging pollutants such as methylparaben (MePB) are increasingly detected in aquatic environments and require effective removal strategies. This study reports the synthesis of Ni–Ce (x: y) composite catalysts as thin films via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and evaluates their performance in catalytic ozonation. Although conventional ozonation resulted in complete MePB degradation, it exhibited limited mineralization efficiency. In contrast, the integration of Ni–Ce films significantly improved total organic carbon (TOC) removal, with the Ni–Ce (50:50) composition achieving the highest mineralization (52.1%) after 120 min, compared to 35.4% with ozone alone. The TOC removal efficiency followed the trend: Ni–Ce (50:50) > Ni–Ce (25:75) > Ni–Ce (75:25) ≈ Ni–Ce (10:90) > Ni–Ce (5:95). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the enhanced catalytic activity was associated with higher Ce³⁺ content and increased oxygen vacancy concentrations, which facilitated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide anions (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), and singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>). The Ni–Ce (50:50) film maintained stable performance across five successive reaction cycles, confirming its reusability. Additionally, phytotoxicity assays using Lactuca sativa seeds demonstrated the treated effluents’ non-toxic nature, supporting the process’s environmental safety.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05171-w
Divya T, Prashanna Suvaitha S, Niveditha S, Venkatachalam K
{"title":"Nd/MnO2 Bio-nanomaterial: Synergistic Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activity and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation","authors":"Divya T, Prashanna Suvaitha S, Niveditha S, Venkatachalam K","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05171-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05171-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dye-polluted wastewater and antibiotic-resistant bacteria present urgent environmental and health challenges. Multifunctional nanomaterials with both photocatalytic and antibacterial properties offer a sustainable solution. This study biosynthesized neodymium-doped manganese dioxide (Nd/MnO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles via a green method and evaluated their structural, optical, photocatalytic, and antibacterial performance. Nd/MnO<sub>2</sub> was synthesized using <i>Adenanthera pavonina L.</i> leaf extract as a capping and stabilizing agent. Characterization included XRD (tetragonal α-MnO<sub>2</sub>, crystallite size reduced from 13.9 To 12.5 nm after Nd doping), FT-IR (O–Mn–O stretching at 464 cm<sup>-1</sup> with reduced intensity), TGA (stability up To 1000 °C), DRS UV–Vis (red shift 323→327 nm; band gap 2.6→2.3 eV), FESEM/TEM (hierarchical nanoflowers, ~ 28.5 nm size), EDX/mapping (uniform Nd, Mn, O distribution, Nd 2.2 wt%), and XPS. Under visible light, Nd/MnO<sub>2</sub> degraded Congo red (84.52%), Brilliant green (88.18%), and Nile blue A (82.98%) within 120 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Antibacterial testing revealed strong inhibition zones, with the highest (23 mm) against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Green-synthesized Nd/MnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles show high crystallinity, thermal stability, enhanced visible-light absorption, and synergistic photocatalytic–antibacterial activity, making them promising for textile dye wastewater remediation and antimicrobial applications. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Nd/MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Exhibiting Dual Functionalities: Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Activity</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05189-0
Aathira Bhaskaran, Satyapaul A. Singh, Sounak Roy
{"title":"Exploring La-Based High Entropy Perovskites for Syngas Production Via Methane Reforming","authors":"Aathira Bhaskaran, Satyapaul A. Singh, Sounak Roy","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05189-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05189-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite-type oxides (ABO<sub>3</sub>), featuring lanthanum at the A-site and transition metals at the B-site, have attracted considerable attention due to their structural flexibility and redox-active <i>d</i>-orbitals. Recently, High Entropy Perovskite Oxide catalysts have emerged as promising materials, owing to several key attributes: phase stabilization driven by high configurational entropy, enhanced resistance to sintering due to sluggish diffusion, lattice distortion that promotes reactivity, and the “cocktail effect,” which enables synergistic electronic and structural tuning. The selection of transition metals at the B-site plays a critical role in determining catalytic performance. In this study, we investigated two high entropy compositions—LaMg<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and LaMg<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Cu<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—by comparing their catalytic activity, stability, and syngas selectivity, with particular emphasis on the role of exsolved nanoparticles in enhancing methane reforming performance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Schematic illustration of dry reforming of methane over high entropy perovskite oxide catalysts.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BaWO4:Eu³⁺, Ag⁺ Nanocatalyst for Efficient Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution","authors":"Dasrathi Murmu, Rajkumari Bindiya Devi, Ningombam Yaiphaba, Bibhuti Bhusan Parida, Ganngam Phaomei","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05183-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05183-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>BaWO<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles doped and co-doped with various metal ions like Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Bi<sup>3+</sup>, etc., are synthesized using a simple polyol route. The synthesized NPs were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, EDX and a UV-VIS spectrometer. From the TEM image, the NPs are spherical in shape with an average particle size of 15 nm. The band gap of the NPs is calculated using Tauc’s plot, and it is found to change with the concentration of co-dopant ions and the pH of the synthesis medium. The crystal size, crystallinity %, and lattice strain are calculated from the XRD data and it is found that BaWO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup> NPs have a smaller size and larger strain. However, this nanoparticle demonstrated better catalytic activity in reducing the organic pollutant, 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The rate constant (k) for the reduction of 4-NP is 6.14 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The catalyst is stable and can be reused for five consecutive cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05175-6
Haikuan Yang, Jihong Zhang, Xiang Ye, Fengying Qiu, Haiwei Jiang, Mingfeng Dong, Yang Peng
{"title":"Metal-Free Iodide-Assisted Reductive Deoxygenation of Alcohols Using Molecular Hydrogen","authors":"Haikuan Yang, Jihong Zhang, Xiang Ye, Fengying Qiu, Haiwei Jiang, Mingfeng Dong, Yang Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05175-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05175-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deoxygenation of alcohols is an important research area in modern organic chemistry that has been studied extensively. However, a chemoselective and clean method is still desirable for the emerging large scale bio-chemicals production. Herein, we report a method for alcohols deoxygenation to alkanesusing hydrogen as the reductant assisted by iodide without metal catalyst. This method is simple and green without consume quantitative extra reagents. Substrate scope study showed that this method tolerated a broad scope of functional groups including phenyl, naphthyl and allyl alcohol derivatives. Kinetics study revealed that the C-I (formed by hydroxyl group substituted by iodide) cleavage was the rate-determining step. Mechanistic study suggested a radical mechanism for this alcohol deoxygenation reactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cu(II)-Aminotetrazole Complex Anchored on SBA-15: A High-Performance Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles","authors":"Nafiseh Taghavi, Yagoub Mansoori, Somayeh Fekri, Yuksel Akinay, Tayfun Çetin","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05179-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05179-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research focuses on developing and thoroughly analyzing a copper catalyst anchored to SBA-15. The catalyst was prepared via stepwise functionalization of SBA-15, involving successive treatments with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), trichlorotriazine, and 5-aminotetrazole to form SBA@bis(ATET). Coordination with Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub> in acetonitrile yielded the final complex, SBA@bis(ATET)-Cu(II). Characterization techniques included FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis, cross-polarization/magic angle spinning <sup>13</sup>C NMR (CP/MAS <sup>13</sup>C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Catalytic studies demonstrated that SBA@bis(ATET)-Cu(II) efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles through the reaction of acetylenes, benzyl or alkyl halides, and sodium azide, achieving excellent yields under optimized conditions. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining activity over five cycles with minimal deactivation and low copper leaching (1.25%) in the first cycle, highlighting its robustness and sustainability for organic synthesis applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05170-x
Jian Tian, Huizhong Wu, Wanping Chen, Kexin Luo, Xiyue Feng, Wang Ye, Yingxi Wang, Ling Li
{"title":"Ce-Doping Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Cobalt-Based Bimetallic MOFs for Ultrafast Degradation of Rhodamine B via Peroxymonosulfate Activation","authors":"Jian Tian, Huizhong Wu, Wanping Chen, Kexin Luo, Xiyue Feng, Wang Ye, Yingxi Wang, Ling Li","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05170-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05170-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In view of the harm of dye wastewater to the ecological environment and human health and the limitations of traditional treatment technologies, this study focused on the advanced persulfate oxidation technology (PS-AOPs), which synthesized cerium-doped cobalt-based bimetallic organic framework materials (Co/Ce-MOFs-NH₂) by solvothermal method for the activation of pyrosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The rare earth element cerium (Ce) was innovatively introduced to construct a bimetallic synergistic system to solve the problems of single active site and poor cycling stability of monometallic Co-MOFs. The effects of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, initial pollutant concentration and pH value on the degradation efficiency were systematically explored, and the hydroxyl radicals (·OH). This study provides theoretical support for the design of rare earth element enhanced bimetallic MOFs catalysts. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of MoS2/NiSe2/CP Nano Composites","authors":"Xiaoran Guo, Haibo Wang, Qingzhu Sun, Yongchang Zhu, Qirong Li, Tao Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05163-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05163-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) is a catalyst for hydrogen production by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it exhibits has poor electronic conductivity and a high activation energy barrier for adsorption/dissociation of water molecules in the alkaline HER, which limits its application in alkaline HER. In this paper, MoS<sub>2</sub> was uniformly grown on three-dimensional conductive carbon paper (CP) by the hydrothermal method, presenting a nanoflower shape and effectively improving the conductivity of the electrode. Subsequently, NiSe<sub>2</sub> was grown onto MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers in the form of nanoparticles by the secondary hydrothermal method to form a MoS<sub>2</sub>/NiSe<sub>2</sub>/CP nanocomposite structure. The structure and morphology of MoS<sub>2</sub>/NiSe<sub>2</sub>/CP were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that MoS<sub>2</sub> was composed of nanoflower-like structures formed by the combination of thin nanosheets. The average diameter of the nanoflowers is approximately 1.3 ± 0.2 μm. NiSe<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles grew uniformly on the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers, with an average particle size of 30–100 nm, providing a larger specific surface area that exposes more reactive sites. The MoS<sub>2</sub>/NiSe<sub>2</sub> heterointerface is conducive to electron redistribution, and the XPS peak shifts Mo 3d: + 0.4 eV; S 2p: + 0.3 eV. The synergistic architecture provides an electrochemical surface area (ECSA) higher than that of MoS2/CP. The introduction of NiSe<sub>2</sub> effectively inhibits the agglomeration of MoS<sub>2</sub>, enhances the dispersion of the catalyst on the substrate, and increases the effective reaction area. The MoS<sub>2</sub>/NiSe<sub>2</sub>/CP was tested for HER with an overpotential of only 112 mV at a current density of − 10 m cm<sup>−2</sup> ang a Tafel slope of 42.01 mV dec⁻<sup>1</sup>. The introduction of NiSe<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles effectively promoted the water adsorption/cracking reaction and thus co-catalyzed HER with MoS<sub>2</sub>, demonstrating good stability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-05178-3
Qiuyun Huang, Shiyu Liu, Weihua Shen, Yunjin Fang
{"title":"Impact of Water Content on UiO-66 Synthesis and Catalyst Activation in Pd/UiO-66 Catalyzed Methyl Nitrite Carbonylation to Dimethyl Carbonate","authors":"Qiuyun Huang, Shiyu Liu, Weihua Shen, Yunjin Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05178-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05178-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the modifiable properties and excellent stability, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered potential catalyst supports in heterogeneous reactions. UiO-66 with varying water contents were synthesized as supports of Pd for the carbonylation of methyl nitrite (MN) to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). In accordance with XRD, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, and SEM, the water contents showed a negative correlation on the amounts of acid sites and accelerated crystal aggregation. The Pd/UiO-66(x) demonstrated perfect selectivity of DMC (> 99%) and good CO conversion which were increased with the decrease of water contents. Moreover, the catalysts deactivated at the beginning of the reaction, and the catalytic deactivation was due to the damage of the C = O structure in UiO-66 frameworks. This work revealed the influence of water contents on the synthesis of UiO-66 and the deactivation process of MOF-based catalysts in MN carbonylation to DMC.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation between Surface Pt-Ru Bonding and CO Tolerance of PtRu/C PEFC Anode Catalysts Prepared Using a Relatively Large Surface Area Carbon Support","authors":"Tatsuya Takeguchi, Pongtorn Dhupatemiya, Napan Narischat, Garavdorj Batnyagt, Thidarat Wongsawa, Shin R. Mukai","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05177-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05177-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prepared PtRu/C anode catalysts for PEFCs with Ru: Pt molar ratios of 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0, supported on two types of Ketjen Black carbon (KB800 and KB1600) with surface areas of 789 and 1627 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>– 1</sup>, respectively. The PtRu particles supported on KB1600 were smaller than those supported on KB800 because of their larger surface areas. Characterization using N<sub>2</sub> adsorption, TEM, CO tolerance, CO stripping, and in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) revealed well-alloyed Pt-Ru structures, providing CO adsorption sites of approximately 80–100 m<sup>2</sup>g<sub>PtRu</sub><sup>– 1</sup>. Among the catalysts, PtRu<sub>1.3</sub>/KB1600 exhibited the highest CO tolerance, maintaining about 0.73 V at 1000 ppm CO, outperforming a commercial catalyst (0.47 V). The differences in CO tolerance were linked to the number of active CO oxidation sites, as determined by CO stripping. Because only surface Pt-Ru bonding contributes to CO oxidation, whereas surface Ru-Ru bonding does not, the ECSA for Pt-Ru bonding of each catalyst was calculated from the results of CO stripping and in situ XAFS. This parameter can be used as a key factor in evaluating or predicting the CO tolerance of PtRu catalysts and can be optimized through proper selection of the carbon support.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Finely dispersed PtRu₁.₃ nanoparticles on high-surface-area carbon showing enhanced CO tolerance</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10562-025-05177-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}