Catalysis Letters最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of Novel Humic Acid-Derived Graphene Oxide-Like Supported Pt–Co Bimetallic Catalyst for Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural","authors":"Xinyang Hao,&nbsp;Bohan Wu,&nbsp;Simeng Bian,&nbsp;Hongzhou Shang,&nbsp;Hongfeng Yu,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Ren,&nbsp;Xiaoran Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05320-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05320-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humic acid-derived graphene oxide-like (HAGO) was prepared through high-temperature pyrolysis using humic acid as the precursor. With HAGO serving as the support, a Pt-Co bimetallic catalyst was synthesized via solution adsorption method in the presence of complexing agents. The catalyst was employed for the catalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF). The effects of catalyst preparation parameters including types and dosages of complexing agents, and calcination temperature, as well as reaction process conditions on catalytic activity were investigated. It was revealed that the Pt-Co/HAGO catalyst, prepared with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as the Pt complexing agent and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the Co complexing agent, exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Specifically, when the ratio of 8-HQ to Pt was 2:1 and that of PAM to Co was 3:1, the yield of 2,5-DMF reached 92.1% under the reaction conditions of 200 ℃, 3.0 MPa H₂, and 8 h. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrated good reusability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes and Immobilization of Heavy Metals by in Situ Conversion of Cd2+ into an Active Component on Carbon Nitride","authors":"Zehang Zheng,&nbsp;Shan Li,&nbsp;Zhekai Huang,&nbsp;Lixia Qin,&nbsp;Taiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Shi-Zhao Kang,&nbsp;Xiangqing Li","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05282-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05282-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the challenging issue of the co-existence of inorganic heavy metals and organic pollutants in wastewater, this study proposes a “waste-to-catalyst” strategy. In it, a novel carbon nitride (CN)/Cd(OH)₂ nanocomposite was prepared by immobilizing toxic heavy metal ions (using Cd²⁺ as a model) from water onto CN via a simple stirring process, effectively converting them into active components of the CN nanocomposite. This nanocomposite exhibited outstanding dual functionality: it not only achieved highly efficient degradation of the malachite green (MG) dye (98.58% removal within 40 min), with its performance significantly outperforming some comparative samples, but also effectively converting trace Cd²⁺ into surface-active components of CN nanocomposite. This demonstrates a “waste-to-catalyst” approach for enhancing photocatalytic performance by loading trace heavy metal. This dual functionality was visually confirmed by a phytotoxicity test using soybean growth as a marker: after treatment with CN/Cd(OH)₂, the inhibition of soybean growth caused by MG and Cd²⁺ in the wastewater can be effectively eliminated. The increased charge separation and broadened light absorption are the main reasons for its high performance. This research offers a viable new strategy for the synergistic remediation of complex wastewater contaminated with both organic dyes and heavy metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic Doping Co-MOF Research on the Performance of Electrocatalytic Water Splitting","authors":"Junling Chen,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Qiaonan Yu,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Bowen Guo,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Chuanjin Gu,&nbsp;Mengru Hao,&nbsp;Heng Zhang,&nbsp;Keliang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05312-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05312-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of efficient and stable non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis. To address the common limitations of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), such as poor conductivity and stability, we designed and synthesized a bimetallic cobalt-iron MOF (CoFe-MOF). Electrochemical tests reveal its exceptional bifunctional activity, requiring low overpotentials of 106 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 202 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, an electrolyzer employing CoFe-MOF as both anode and cathode achieves overall water splitting with a cell voltage of only 1.42 V at 10 mA cm⁻². These results demonstrate that bimetallic doping endows MOFs with superior catalytic performance and stability, positioning CoFe-MOF as a promising candidate for practical green hydrogen generation. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>To address the poor conductivity and stability of conventional metal-organic frameworks, the researchers developed a bimetallic cobalt-iron doped MOF (CoFe-MOF) as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting. The catalyst requires overpotentials of only 106 mV for HER and 202 mV for OER at 10 mA cm⁻², and enables overall water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.42 V in a two-electrode electrolyzer. These results demonstrate the exceptional catalytic performance and synergistic effect of CoFe-MOF, highlighting its great promise as an efficient, non-precious metal-based catalyst for sustainable hydrogen production.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement the Activity and Stability of Lipase Km12 in Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Application in Biodiesel Synthesis","authors":"Zahra Karami,&nbsp;Ghafoor Akbari-nasab,&nbsp;Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05328-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05328-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the activity and stability of lipase Km12 in various deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and its biodiesel synthesis potential. Lipase activity increased by 30–40% in Glycerol: Choline chloride (Gly: Cho) DESs with 1:2 and 2:1 molar ratios compared to aqueous media; the highest enhancement was due to stronger hydrogen bonding, which stabilizes the enzyme structure. Glycerol: Betaine (Gly: Bet) (2:1) improved lipase activity by approximately 20%, while other DESs showed lower enhancement. The optimal enzymatic activity was at 20% (v/v) DES concentration, decreasing to half at 60% concentration. The optimum pH in aqueous buffer, Gly: Cho (1:2), and Gly: Cho (2:1) solvents was at pH 8.0, while it was obtained at pH 9.0 in Gly: Bet (2:1) solvent. In pH 6.0, lipase activity increased about 12% and 18% in Gly: Bet and Gly: Cho (1:2) solvents, respectively, compared to aqueous buffer. Results of temperature activities showed the optimal temperature activity of lipase was 30 °C in Gly: Bet (2:1) and Gly: Cho (1:2), 40 °C in aqueous solvent, and 50 °C in Gly: Cho (2:1) solvents. Thermal stability at 60 °C was fully maintained (100% activity after 120 min) with Gly: Cho (1:2) DES, while 62% activity remained at 80 °C. Kinetic analysis showed a significant reduction in <i>K</i>m in DESs, especially Gly: Cho (1:2), and a two-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (<i>k</i>cat/<i>K</i>m). In biodiesel synthesis, lipase Km12 converted 37% without DESs; addition of Gly: Bet (2:1) and Gly: Cho (2:1) increased conversion by 1.9 and 2.1 times, respectively. These results indicate the importance of DES components and concentration in improving the lipase activity and stability by enhancing hydrogen binding interactions between solvents and lipase, disruption of enzyme aggregates, and protection of the enzyme structure against thermal denaturation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the La/Fe Molar Ratio in LaFeO3 Perovskite Catalysts to Boost Catalytic Performance for Toluene Degradation","authors":"Lei Guo,&nbsp;Chenwei Liu,&nbsp;Mingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Hongli Chen,&nbsp;Shujian Cai,&nbsp;Fukun Bi,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaodong D. Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05313-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05313-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study synthesized iron-based perovskite LaFeO₃ catalysts (L_xFO, x = 1, 0.67, 0.43, 0.25, 0.11) via a hydrothermal method, featuring varying La/Fe molar ratios. The samples were subsequently analyzed through a series of characterization techniques. These catalysts were then employed to catalyze the degradation of toluene, evaluating the performance of the catalysts. Results indicated that the L_0.25FO sample exhibited a high specific surface area (68.0 m³/g) and outstanding catalytic performance (T₉₀ = 318 °C). Following water resistance, stability, and recyclability testing, L_0.25FO also demonstrated excellent catalytic stability and recyclability. The degradation pathway for toluene was proposed through the integration of in situ diffuse reflect Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). This study provides a direction for designing perovskite materials that enhance the catalytic oxidation performance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Amorphous Boron and Phosphorus Co-doped Ru-based Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Shengfang Shi,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ye,&nbsp;Enhui Wu,&nbsp;Fuxiang Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05304-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05304-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing cost-effective, active, and durable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical to overcome sluggish kinetics and boost alkaline cathodic efficiency for sustainable hydrogen production. Thus, in this study, the Ru@B,P/XC-72 catalyst was successfully prepared through wet reduction and low-temperature roasting. Crucially, the boron(B) and phosphorus(P) co-doping not only enhances nanocluster dispersion but also optimizes the hydrogen adsorption/desorption energetics, thereby facilitating interfacial charge transfer and weakening the reaction energy barrier for water dissociation. Structural characterization reveals that the as-prepared Ru@B,P/XC-72 features ultrafine Ru nanoclusters with an average diameter of 1.88 nm, accompanied by an amorphous phase. This unique architecture affords abundant unsaturated coordination sites, structural defects, and broadened electronic state distributions. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, achieving ultralow overpotentials of 153 mV at current densities of 100 mA cm^− 2. These findings provide new insight into the development of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts and have crucial industrial application prospects.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiAl-Takovite as a Sustainable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Antimicrobial DHPMs Compounds via Biginelli Reaction","authors":"Ouhaddou Madani,&nbsp;Dib Mustapha,&nbsp;Idrissi Yahyaoui Meryem,&nbsp;Kacem Marieme,&nbsp;Ouchetto Hajiba,&nbsp;Rokni Yahya,&nbsp;Asehraou Abdeslam,&nbsp;Khouili Mostafa,&nbsp;Hafid Abderrafia","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05296-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05296-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, Nickel-Aluminum Takovite (NiAl-Takovite) was developed as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones (DHPMs) through the Biginelli cyclocondensation reaction. The catalyst was prepared using a coprecipitation method and characterized by TG-dTG, FT-IR, XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, and SEM-EDX analyses to examine its structure, microstructure, and composition. NiAl–Takovite exhibited excellent catalytic performance, facilitating the rapid synthesis of DHPMs derivatives with yields of up to 90%. The products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal species. The distinctive structural features of the catalyst, its surface basicity, and textural properties underlie its high efficiency, offering an environmentally friendly and sustainable strategy for the production of bioactive DHPMs as potential antimicrobial agents.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Catalytic Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Iron Nanocomposites in the Removal of Hydroquinone from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Fatemeh Lotfi,&nbsp;Behzad Aghabarari,&nbsp;Mohammadhosein Rezaie Ghavamabad","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-05287-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-05287-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the high toxicity and low degradability of phenolic compounds, including hydroquinone (HQ), in environmental samples, there is a strong need for the development of efficient catalytic systems for the oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone (BQ). Catalytic oxidation using nanoscale metal-based catalysts has been recognized as an effective approach for the removal of such contaminants. In this study, reduced graphene oxide–based iron oxide, iron nitride, and cobalt ferrite nanocomposites were synthesized using co-precipitation, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal methods. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The catalytic performances of the synthesized nanocomposites toward the oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone using H₂O₂ in aqueous solution were comparatively evaluated. The results indicated that the Fe₂N/CSrGO nanocomposite exhibited the highest activity under the investigated conditions, achieving an oxidation efficiency of 82.6% at pH 8 with a catalyst dosage of 20 mg after 120 min of reaction. The enhanced performance of Fe₂N/CSrGO is attributed to the combined contribution of the iron nitride phase and the nitrogen-doped rGO framework, which can facilitate electron transfer, as well as the mesoporous structure of the composite (specific surface area of 269.50 m² g⁻¹), which promotes accessibility of active sites. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed 100% selectivity toward benzoquinone. These findings suggest that rGO-supported iron nitride catalysts are promising candidates for selective hydroquinone oxidation in aqueous systems under mild conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-Driven Piezo-Photocatalysis Over Gd2CuO4: In situ H2O2 Generation for Efficient Pollutant Mineralization","authors":"Abdelaziz Sahmi,&nbsp;Hicham Lahmar,&nbsp;Messaoud Benamira,&nbsp;Mohamed Trari","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05309-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05309-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, Gd₂CuO₄, prepared by the nitrate method, exhibited a significant piezo-photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) under solar illumination. Structural and electrochemical analyses confirmed the formation of a tetragonal spinel phase with <i>p</i>-type semiconducting behavior and a narrow band gap of 1.37 eV, enabling efficient visible-light absorption. Additionally, the material demonstrated an excellent chemical stability over a wide pH range, along with favorable electrochemical characteristics, supporting its potentiality for Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Under photocatalysis alone, Gd₂CuO₄ achieved 63% Rh B degradation via superoxide radicals (O₂^⋅−). However, the introduction of piezo-photocatalysis (PPC) using Ultrasound Waves (USW, 60 kHz) significantly enhanced the oxidation efficiency to 90% within only 35 min., following a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a half-life of 17 min. This enhancement is attributed to the material’s piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, which promote the charge separation and accelerate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Additionally, the narrow band gap and negative conduction band improve solar energy utilization and facilitate oxygen reduction to reactive intermediates. Gd₂CuO₄ is found to be a highly efficient piezo-photocatalyst, with the synergy of piezoelectricity and photocatalysis enabling sustainable wastewater treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cobalt-Loading-Optimized Co3O4/g-C3N4 Heterojunction for Efficient and Stable Solar-Driven H2O2 Synthesis","authors":"Ke Wang,&nbsp;Haohan Wang,&nbsp;Wanxue Zhao,&nbsp;Muhetaer Kaiyoumu,&nbsp;Tongshuang Xu,&nbsp;Sugang Meng,&nbsp;Shiqing Li,&nbsp;Caiyun Wang,&nbsp;Ying Ma,&nbsp;Rusi Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10562-026-05308-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-026-05308-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a series of Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ composites with oxygen vacancies​ was successfully fabricated by incorporating varying loadings of Co₃O₄ onto g-C₃N₄, aiming to enhance the photocatalytic performance for H₂O₂ production. Among the prepared samples, the 20 Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ composite exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity and stability. The superior performance is primarily attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancies, which not only facilitated the migration and separation of charge carriers but also provided additional active sites for O₂ adsorption. The optimal 20 Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ sample achieved an H₂O₂ production rate of 174.2 µmol·g^− 1·h^− 1, which is 4.8 times higher​ than that of pure g-C₃N₄ (36 µmol·g^− 1·h^− 1). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) tests revealed a lower onset potential and a smaller Tafel slope​ for the 20 Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ electrode, indicating reduced overpotential and accelerated reaction kinetics. Furthermore, in situ infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e⁻ ORR)​ served as the primary pathway for H₂O₂ generation in the Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ catalytic system. This work provides deep insights into the role of oxygen vacancies in photocatalytic H₂O₂ synthesis, offering experimental evidence and theoretical references for related research, and demonstrating potential for practical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Compositing g-C₃N₄ with Co₃O₄ at optimal loadings successfully introduced oxygen vacancies and constructed a Co₃O₄/C₃N₄ heterojunction. This strategic modification led to a substantial enhancement in the charge separation efficiency, thereby boosting the photocatalytic H₂O₂ production rate from 36 µmol·g^− 1·h^− 1 (pristine g-C₃N₄) to 174.2 µmol·g^− 1·h^− 1 for the optimal composite</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"156 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}