Annals of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The misclassification of depression and anxiety disorders in the multiple sclerosis prodrome: A probabilistic bias analysis","authors":"Fardowsa L.A. Yusuf MSc ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ehsanul Karim PhD ,&nbsp;Paul Gustafson PhD ,&nbsp;Jason M. Sutherland PhD ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu MSc ,&nbsp;Yinshan Zhao PhD ,&nbsp;Ruth Ann Marrie MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Helen Tremlett PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies suggest that depression/anxiety form part of the multiple sclerosis (MS) prodrome. However, several biases have not been addressed. We re-examined this association after correcting for: (i) misclassification of individuals not seeking healthcare, (ii) differential surveillance of depression/anxiety in the health system, and (iii) misclassified person-time from using the date of the first MS-related diagnostic claim (i.e., a demyelinating event) as a proxy for MS onset.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cohort study, we applied a validated algorithm to health administrative (‘claims’) data in British Columbia, Canada (1991–2020) to identify MS cases, and matched to general population controls. The neurologist-recorded date of MS symptom onset was available for a subset of the MS cases. We identified depression/anxiety in the 5-years preceding the first demyelinating claim using a validated algorithm. We compared the prevalence of depression/anxiety using modified Poisson regression. To account for misclassification and differential surveillance, we applied probabilistic bias analyses; for misclassified person-time, we applied time-distribution matching to the MS symptom onset date.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our cohort included 9929 MS cases and 49,574 controls. The prevalence ratio for depression/anxiety was 1.74 (95 %CI: 1.66–1.81). Following correction for misclassification, differential surveillance using a detection ratio of 1.11, and misclassified person-time, the prevalence ratio increased to 3.25 (95 %CI: 1.98–40.54). When the same correction was conducted, but a detection ratio of 1.16 was applied, the prevalence ratio increased to 3.13 (95 %CI: 1.97–33.52).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Previous conventional analyses were biased towards the null, leading to an under-estimation of the association between depression/anxiety and MS in the prodromal period. This first application of probabilistic quantitative bias analysis within MS research demonstrates both its feasibility and utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluating diabetes and COVID-19 outcomes using national-level data","authors":"SuJung Jung ,&nbsp;Ji Young Choi ,&nbsp;Pradeep Tiwari ,&nbsp;Itai M. Magodoro ,&nbsp;Shivani A. Patel ,&nbsp;Ahlam Jadalla ,&nbsp;Daesung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Using a US nationally representative survey of adults, we aimed to evaluate the association between prevalent diabetes and the uptake of COVID-19 testing, rate of positive testing and symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were sourced from the 2020–2021 National Health Interview Survey. COVID-19 outcomes were defined as: (1) test uptake (2) test positivity (3) diagnosis of COVID-19 and (4) severe disease symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test result. We compared the prevalence of COVID-19 outcomes by diabetes status and examined their associations using multivariate adjusted logistic and ordered logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of test uptake and test positivity were 50.7 % and 9.4 % in the US population, respectively. 10.3 % were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by health professionals. There were no statistically significant differences in the outcomes by diabetes status. However, individuals with diabetes were more likely to have severe symptoms. In adjusted regression model, we found no significant associations of diagnosed diabetes with all outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings contrast with prior evidence derived from hospitalized patients. Researchers and policy makers are encouraged to review the properties of data sources and their impact on public health recommendations, particularly in response to future pandemics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in physical activity and sport participation in adults across 28 European countries between 2005 and 2022","authors":"Katherine B. Owen ,&nbsp;Lucy Corbett ,&nbsp;Ding Ding ,&nbsp;Rochelle Eime ,&nbsp;Adrian Bauman","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>There is a lack of understanding of the specific types and intensities of physical activity driving the gender gap in overall levels of physical activity, and how these activities are changing over time. We examined the gender gap in specific types and intensities of physical activities in European adults from 2005 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><div>This repeated cross-sectional study included data from adults from the Eurobarometer (2005–2022) from 28 European countries. Gender differences in meeting physical activity guidelines, sport, walking, moderate, and vigorous activity were examined using prevalence ratios (PR, relative inequalities) and mean differences (MD, absolute differences).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 123,809 participants, there was no change in the gender gap in meeting physical activity guidelines from 2005 to 2022 (PR = 1.10; 95 % CIs 1.07, 1.14, PR = 1.04; 95 % CIs 1.01, 1.08, respectively). The gender gap in vigorous intensity activity decreased from 2005 to 2022 (MD = 589; 95 % CIs 545.7, 631.5, MD = 399; 95 % CIs 354.5, 444.3, respectively). The gender gap in moderate activity increased from 2005 to 2022 (MD = 10.9; 95 % CIs − 14.2, 35.9, MD = 104; 95 % CIs 77.8, 130.1, respectively). The gender gap in sport and exercise increased from 2009 to 2022 (PR = 1.14; 95 % CIs 1.10, 1.19; PR = 1.22; 95 % CIs 1.17, 1.27, respectively). There was no gender gap in walking between 2005 and 2022 (MD = -1.4; 95 % CIs − 21.2, 18.4, MD = 12.5; 95 % CIs − 4.9, 29.9, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sport remains an underutilized contributor to overall physical activity levels and could be promoted among women to reduce the overall gender gap in physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Pages 52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winners of the American College of Epidemiology Annals of Epidemiology Awards, 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 60-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of arrest and firearm ownership among low-income US military veterans","authors":"Alexander Testa ,&nbsp;Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 57-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and disparities in violence-related injury morbidity among pregnant and postpartum individuals","authors":"Shaina Sta. Cruz ,&nbsp;Claire Margerison ,&nbsp;Alison Gemmill ,&nbsp;Sandie Ha ,&nbsp;Thelma Hurd ,&nbsp;Jordan Jensen ,&nbsp;Sidra Goldman-Mellor","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Violence against pregnant and postpartum individuals is a major public health problem. Homicides during the perinatal period have recently increased, yet these deaths reflect only the most extreme manifestation of violence. Far less is known about trends and disparities in pregnancy-associated violence morbidity. Examining emergency department (ED) utilization for violence-related injuries in this population can shed light on overall incidence and patterns of risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used longitudinal, all-payer, statewide data from California, comprising all individuals with a live-birth hospital delivery in each year from 2010–2018 (N = 3068,921). We followed annual cohorts of women before and after their delivery hospitalizations to identify ED visits for violent injury. We analyzed trends and disparities in annual incidence rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cumulative incidence of any pregnancy-associated ED visit for violence was 0.84 % overall; incidence increased slightly over the study period (annual OR_adj = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.01,1.02). The highest risk of pregnancy-associated violence was observed in younger individuals, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and Medicaid users.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest risk of pregnancy-associated violence morbidity has increased over the past decade and is amplified for structurally vulnerable populations. The emergency department may be a critical opportunity for screening and providing resources to at-risk individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School environment and adolescent health: Results from the HPTN 068 cohort","authors":"Ruvani T. Jayaweera ,&nbsp;Dana E. Goin ,&nbsp;Ryan G. Wagner ,&nbsp;Torsten B. Neilands ,&nbsp;Sheri A. Lippman ,&nbsp;Kathleen Kahn ,&nbsp;Audrey Pettifor ,&nbsp;Jennifer Ahern","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the relationship between school environment and health and behavior outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data are from baseline and first follow-up of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 longitudinal trial established in 2012 of adolescent girls and young women in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Data from 2212 participants are included. We measured the association between four school environment domains: school resources, school safety, negative personal experiences, and school connectedness, and several health and behavior outcomes: depressive symptoms, low attendance, recent pregnancy, recent unprotected sex, transactional sex, and having an older romantic partner. We used a g-computation approach to estimate risk differences (RD) for the longitudinal relationship between the school environment (measured at the individual and school level) on individual health and behavior outcomes, controlling for baseline covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants at baseline was 15.4; mean age at first follow-up was 16.6. Individual baseline perceptions of an unsafe school environment (RD = 3.1 %, 95 % CI: 1.3–5.2 %) and more frequent negative experiences (RD = 4.0 %, 95 % CI: 2.0–5.9 %) were associated with higher absolute risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up. There was an overall trend toward higher risk of pregnancy, unprotected sex, and having an older partner among those who reported fewer school resources, lack of school safety, more negative personal experiences, and lack of school connectedness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings provide evidence of an overall trend toward higher risk of depression, pregnancy, unprotected sex, and having an older partner among those reporting a worse school environment across four school environment domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor on \"The Conclusion Generator\"","authors":"Alessandro Rovetta,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Mansournia","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 56-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculating risk and prevalence ratios and differences in R: Developing intuition with a hands-on tutorial and code","authors":"Rachel R. Yorlets ,&nbsp;Youjin Lee ,&nbsp;Jason R. Gantenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiologic research questions often focus on evaluating binary outcomes, yet curricula and scientific literature do not always provide clear guidance or examples on selecting and calculating an appropriate measure of association in these scenarios. Reporting inappropriate measures may lead to misleading statistical conclusions. We present a hands-on tutorial that includes annotated code written in an open-source statistical programming language (R) showing readers how to apply, compare, and understand four methods used to estimate a risk or prevalence ratio (or difference), rather than presenting an odds ratio. We will provide guidance on when to use each method, discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach, and compare the results obtained across them. Ultimately, we aim to help trainees, public health researchers, and interdisciplinary professionals develop an intuition for these methods and empower them to implement and interpret these methods in their own research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextualizing the Conclusion Generator: From the ASA statement to PhD curriculum","authors":"Morten Schmidt ,&nbsp;Erik Parner","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Pages 54-55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}