Annals of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Associations between in-home environmental exposures and lung function in a safety net population of children with asthma using electronic health records and geospatial data","authors":"Matthew Bozigar ,&nbsp;Catherine L. Connolly ,&nbsp;Kimberly Vermeer ,&nbsp;Luis Carvalho ,&nbsp;Robyn T. Cohen ,&nbsp;Julianne N. Dugas ,&nbsp;Jonathan I. Levy ,&nbsp;Maria Patricia Fabian","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The effects of in-home environmental exposures (IHEEs) on asthma are challenging to examine in populations because information on asthma triggers is usually absent. We leveraged data from electronic health records (EHRs) to investigate the associations of residential cockroach and rodent exposures with lung function among children with asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We merged clinical pulmonary function test data from EHRs for children with asthma from a large safety net hospital in the Northeast United States with publicly available geospatial data matched to patient addresses. Predicted presence of key IHEE asthma triggers, cockroaches and rodents, were included as main exposures and housing parcel features and census tract characteristics were included as potential confounders in a sensitivity analysis. We fit latent Bayesian hierarchical models of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁%).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population of 1070 children had a mean age of 10.2 years and 75 % identified as Black, many living in historically segregated neighborhoods. In models adjusted for individual characteristics, we observed 2.26 (95 % credible interval, 95 %CrI: − 3.72, − 0.79) and 2.58 (95 %CrI: − 4.54, − 0.66) percentage points (pp) lower FEV₁% from a one-unit increase in the log-odds of the probability of cockroach and rodent presence, respectively. The association with lung function increased in magnitude for cockroach exposure but attenuated for rodent exposure in sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IHEEs were associated with worse lung function among children with asthma in a safety net population. The observed associations underscore how injustices in housing and neighborhood characteristics contribute to asthma morbidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Study Learning Module: Kim et al (2023), High prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among older adults in Tanzania: Results from a list experiment in a population-representative survey","authors":"Jeb Jones PhD, MPH, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Educational Engagement Modules (EEMs) are teaching materials for educators and students that facilitate a deeper understanding of key epidemiological methods and concepts. Each EEM poses a series of questions using a recently published paper in Annals to further understanding of a specific study design and to encourage critical thinking and careful evaluation. This EEM focuses on cross-sectional studies and references the following article: Kim HY, Rohr J, Leyna GH, Killewo J, Tomita A, Tanser F, Bärnighausen T. High prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among older adults in Tanzania: results from a list experiment in a population-representative survey. Ann Epidemiol. 2023 Aug;84:48–53. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 16. PMID: 37201669; PMCID: PMC10524221 <span><span>[1]</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 80-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural and urban trends in HIV diagnoses and care outcomes among persons with HIV attributed to injection drug use in the U.S., 2016–2022","authors":"Barbara C. Keino PhD, MS ,&nbsp;Allison Thomson MPH ,&nbsp;Jianmin Li ,&nbsp;Kristen L. Hess PhD, MPH, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>An increase in injection drug use (IDU) has placed new populations at risk for HIV. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of HIV diagnoses and care outcomes is crucial to identify gaps in care for people who inject drugs (PWID).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed CDC's National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) data from 2016 to 2022 to examine regional trends and rural-urban differences in linkage to HIV care within one month and viral suppression within six months of diagnosis among individuals aged 13 and older with HIV attributed to IDU. Rural-urban populations were defined using US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service (USDA-ERS) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), and trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2016–2022, HIV diagnoses attributed to IDU increased in large rural counties and small to medium urban counties but linkage to care and viral suppression remained unchanged in these areas. Conversely, diagnoses in large urban counties declined while linkage to care and viral suppression increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight disparities in HIV diagnoses, linkage to care, and viral suppression across rural and urban areas, emphasizing the need to address these gaps to improve care for PWID and inform public health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of birthweight with all-cause and cause-specific premature mortality in the UK: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Shaohua Yin ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Keyi Si","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We investigated the association between birthweight and all-cause and cause-specific premature mortality, and evaluated the effect modification by lifestyle factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective cohort study used data of participants aged 39–71 years from the UK Biobank in 2006–2010 and followed up till the end of 2022. Birthweight was classified into &lt; 1.0 kg, 1.0–&lt;1.5 kg, 1.5–&lt;2.5 kg, 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, and ≥ 4.0 kg. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for premature mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 221 848 participants, there were 6336 premature deaths (2148 cardiovascular, 624 respiratory, 3040 cancers, 524 other causes). Birthweight was nonlinearly associated with risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality but the association was linear for respiratory and other-cause mortality. Compared to birthweight of 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, birthweight&lt; 1.0 kg (aHR 1.36, 95 %CI 1.00–1.85) and ≥ 4.0 kg (1.10, 1.02–1.17) were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality. A similar pattern was observed for cardiovascular mortality, with corresponding aHRs of 1.54 (1.02–2.49) and 1.16 (1.03–1.31) for birthweight of 2.5–&lt;4.0 kg, and ≥ 4.0 kg, respectively. Birthweight≥ 4.0 kg was associated with increased risk of cancer-related mortality (1.11, 1.00–1.22). The mortality risks did not differ significantly across lifestyle scores (all <em>P</em>-interaction&gt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both lower and higher birthweight were associated with increased risks of premature mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases, and higher birthweight was associated with increased risk of cancer-related mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical redlining and criminal offending trajectories from adolescence to adulthood","authors":"Dylan B. Jackson ,&nbsp;Alexander Testa ,&nbsp;Reed DeAngelis ,&nbsp;Odis Johnson Jr ,&nbsp;Roland J. Thorpe Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Area-level research finds higher contemporary crime rates in historically redlined communities. However, there is a lack of multilevel research assessing the relationship between living in a historically redlined area, individual patterns of criminal offending over time, and whether this relationship varies for different racial-ethnic groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data are from Waves I, III, IV, and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (<em>n</em> = 7843; ages 11–44), including recently digitized 1930s redlining maps from the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation. Using age-based growth curve models, we estimate rates of criminal offending for non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White Americans who live inside (vs. outside) formerly redlined areas from adolescence to adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Starting in adolescence, Black and Hispanic respondents typically report more criminal offenses than White peers, regardless of redlining. As respondents transition to adulthood, reports of criminal offenses approach zero at an exponential rate. However, declines in criminal offenses are lagged by two years, on average, for Black and Hispanic respondents who live in redlined areas, relative to White and non-redlined counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest formerly redlined urban areas may still promote criminal behavior, particularly for Black and Hispanic adolescents transitioning to adulthood. Future research and policy should address the long-term consequences of institutionalized segregation for public safety and community well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative epidemiology instruction for promoting population health thinking in occupational therapy doctoral students","authors":"Emily M. D’Agostino ,&nbsp;Cambey Mikush ,&nbsp;Denise M. Nepveux ,&nbsp;Barb Hooper","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Recent shifts toward population-based health care and research in health science training programs are vital to reducing health disparities, although students need stronger education in this area. This study aimed to determine if innovative epidemiology research instruction is associated with improved science literacy skills, a core objective of population health curricula, for occupational therapy doctoral students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS) to determine change in student science literacy skills based on change in performance from baseline. Multilevel repeated measures models were run clustering by student and cohort, adjusted for demographics and prior research courses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample included 166 students (91 % female, 57 % Non-Hispanic White, 14 % Hispanic, 19 % Non-Hispanic Black, 10 % Asian; 83 % ≤25 years old). Model estimates showed improvements in science literacy skills (β=0.39 [95 %CI:0.10, 0.67]) relative to baseline. Interaction models showed greater improvements from baseline for students who identified as Hispanic (β=0.82 [95 %CI:0.10, 1.63]) and Non-Hispanic White (β=0.55 [95 %CI:0.16, 0.94]). Additional interaction models did not show differences in the time-TOSLS association by student characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Innovative epidemiology instruction may be an appropriate method for supporting health sciences student development of science literacy skills to foster population health thinking, research, and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cardiometabolic risk factors according to body mass index in Peru between 2015 and 2023","authors":"Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco ,&nbsp;Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Global evidence has shown rising trends in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Whether the same trends are observed according to body mass index (BMI) cut-offs is unknown, though critical to focus on specific BMI populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a pooled analysis of national health surveys in Peru, grouped into three-year periods (2015–17 [n = 97,079], 2018–20 [n = 98,540], 2021–23 [n = 94,850]). BMI (kg/m²) was classified into four categories: normal weight (18–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obesity I (30–34.9), and obesity II (≥35). For each period-BMI category, we computed the age-sex-standardized prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors: raised blood pressure with and without self-reported antihypertensive treatment, self-reported diabetes with and without treatment, daily smoking, alcohol consumption in the last month, and fruits/vegetables consumption in the last week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proportion of people with raised blood pressure increased in the overweight and obesity groups, with the largest increase observed in the obesity II group (22 % relative increase). Diabetes prevalence rose substantially among normal weight (89 %) and overweight individuals (58 %). Smoking, alcohol, and fruit/vegetable consumption showed no major changes across BMI categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased between 2015 and 17 and 2020–23, with greater increases observed in the overweight and obesity groups; conversely, the prevalence of self-reported diabetes has increased across BMI categories. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions targeting both overweight/obese individuals and normal weight populations with diabetes risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of frailty: How the associations between modifiable risk factors and dementia vary","authors":"Lingyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Junhan Tang ,&nbsp;Michelle C. Odden,&nbsp;Chenkai Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Page 79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis of HPV infection and contextual factors associated with higher HPV prevalence","authors":"R. Sousa ,&nbsp;J.A. Fonseca-Moutinho ,&nbsp;F. Gomes ,&nbsp;F. Loureiro ,&nbsp;A.R. Goes ,&nbsp;P. Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify areas with high rates of high-risk Papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and associated contextual factors in the Centre Region of Portugal at the municipality level.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We conducted an ecological study in 78 municipalities located in the Central Region of Portugal from March 2019 to December 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the cervical cancer screening (CCS) program database after switching to primary HPV testing. Demographic, socio-economic, and healthcare availability variables were extracted from official sources (<em>Statistics Portugal</em> and Central Region Health Administration Information Systems). Spatial analysis and logistic generalised linear models were used to identify areas of high hrHPV infection and associated contextual factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall hrHPV infection prevalence was 9.9 %. We found three significant clusters, predominantly in municipalities near major urban centres. These clusters were characterised by higher population density, a greater proportion of younger women, higher median income per inhabitant, a larger proportion of residents with graduate degrees, and increased availability of healthcare units.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study has uncovered the geographical distribution of hrHPV infection at the municipal level and highlights the contextual factors associated with higher prevalence. Identifying demographics and socio-economic predictors of high hrHPV infection could support public health programs by targeting interventions to specific populations and contexts. This might open up new scenarios for improving prevention and control strategies, offering more intensive screening in areas with the most urgent needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"105 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and mortality trends of people living with dementia among 7 million individuals over 10 years in Italy: A retrospective cohort study using administrative linked data","authors":"Lorenzo Blandi ,&nbsp;Paola Bertuccio ,&nbsp;Timo Clemens ,&nbsp;Helmut Brand ,&nbsp;Anna Odone","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We aimed to estimate trends of dementia incidence and to compute and compare all-cause mortality among people living with and without dementia, in a whole regional population, from 2013 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our retrospective population-wide cohort study included 7,030,374 people aged 50 years and older from regional administrative data, living in Lombardy, the most populous Italian region. We computed annual age-standardised dementia incidence estimated rates and age-standardised all-cause mortality estimated rates among people living with and without dementia, both overall and stratified by age and sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the last decade, age-standardised dementia incidence estimated rates have decreased by 52.8 % for women and 53.1 % for males. In contrast, age-standardised all-cause mortality estimated rates among people living with dementia grew by 14.0 % for women and 21.8 % for males. Conversely, during the pandemic, there was a higher excess in mortality estimated rates in the female population living with dementia compared to the male, up to 60 % in older groups aged 80 or older. In the male population without dementia compared to the female, the higher excess was up to 50 % in age groups of 70–74 and 75–79.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study reported a reduction in dementia incidence and increase in all-cause mortality of people living with dementia over the last decade, indicating that dementia prevalence is declining. Moreover, previously under-investigated gender disparities in mortality estimated rates emerged across different age groups during the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}