Annals of Epidemiology最新文献

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Value of public health interventions for HIV, HBV and HCV integrated screening: The FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme 公共卫生干预对HIV、HBV和HCV综合筛查的价值:FOCUS-CRIVALVIR项目
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.014
E. Ortega González , R. Domínguez-Hernández , M. Martínez Roma , MD. Ocete-Mochon , A. Carrodeguas , JL. González-Sánchez , MA. Casado , M. García Deltoro
{"title":"Value of public health interventions for HIV, HBV and HCV integrated screening: The FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme","authors":"E. Ortega González ,&nbsp;R. Domínguez-Hernández ,&nbsp;M. Martínez Roma ,&nbsp;MD. Ocete-Mochon ,&nbsp;A. Carrodeguas ,&nbsp;JL. González-Sánchez ,&nbsp;MA. Casado ,&nbsp;M. García Deltoro","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>A late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases the chances of transmission and healthcare costs, as well as increases morbidity and the progression of the disease. The aim was to evaluate the impact of FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme implementation on the transmission of these viruses and the costs in the Valencian Community (3,902,512 adults) compared with nonimplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A decision tree was developed to estimate the number of individuals screened and their follow-up in healthcare, combined with a transmission model for each virus to evaluate infections and mortality avoided and costs of new infections and late diagnosis. The analysis was carried out in different at-risk populations. The population susceptible to infection, interactions between individuals and the risk of transmission among undiagnosed individuals, untreated and treated without a response are considered.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>With FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme, 440,203 individuals would be screened; 1064-HIV, 1455-HCV and 1627-HBV infections would be diagnosed; and 1053, 1422 and 111 individuals would be treated, respectively. Compared with nonintervention, FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme would avoid 464 new HIV, 524 new HCV and 169 new HBV infections within 20 years and reduce mortality. The programme would cost 6 million euros (€M) to implement but would save € 154 M (€ 152 M infections avoided and € 8 M late diagnosis less cost programme) vs nonintervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The implementation of the FOCUS-CRIVALVIR programme would enable early access to the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, HCV and HBV; reduce the transmission, mortality, and costs of new infections and late diagnosis; and add value to society and the healthcare system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association between state LGBTQ+ equality and mpox vaccination rates during the 2022–2023 epidemic in the United States 美国2022-2023年流行病期间LGBTQ+州平等与m痘疫苗接种率之间的关系
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.016
Claudia Jimenez-Castro , Elizabeth A. Kelvin
{"title":"Association between state LGBTQ+ equality and mpox vaccination rates during the 2022–2023 epidemic in the United States","authors":"Claudia Jimenez-Castro ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Kelvin","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2022–2023, the United States (US) experienced an mpox epidemic that primarily affected men who have sex with men. As part of the emergency response, the JYNNEOS vaccine was offered to those at increased risk, such as the LGBTQ+ community. Despite the vaccine being free, many people at risk remained unvaccinated.</div><div>We conducted an ecological study to investigate the association between high state LGBTQ+ equality legislation and mpox vaccination rates during the epidemic. We found that states with higher LGBTQ+ equality experienced higher vaccination rates (β=33.62, p = 0.066). The association was stronger earlier in the epidemic (June-August 2022: β=129.7, p = 0.190; September-November 2022 β=76.9, p = 0.096; December 2022-February 2023 β=6.0, p = 0.005; March-May 2023 β=2.8, p = 0.003). We need to learn from this and other past epidemics that have affected marginalized groups and find ways to improve uptake of preventive healthcare, like vaccines, so we can better protect both these communities and the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Take-up of the 2021 child tax credit expansion among disadvantaged households in California: Continuing barriers to health equity 2021年加州弱势家庭扩大儿童税收抵免:健康公平的持续障碍。
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.015
Kaitlyn E. Jackson MPH , Wendi Gosliner DrPH , Lia C.H. Fernald PhD, MBA , Nicole Fernández-Viña MPH , Rita Hamad MD, PhD
{"title":"Take-up of the 2021 child tax credit expansion among disadvantaged households in California: Continuing barriers to health equity","authors":"Kaitlyn E. Jackson MPH ,&nbsp;Wendi Gosliner DrPH ,&nbsp;Lia C.H. Fernald PhD, MBA ,&nbsp;Nicole Fernández-Viña MPH ,&nbsp;Rita Hamad MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2021 Congress expanded the Child Tax Credit (CTC), one of the largest US economic supports for working families with proven benefits for health. Information on CTC take-up among eligible families is lacking. Understanding barriers to anti-poverty programs is an urgent policy issue, as low take-up is an established barrier to health equity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among a longitudinal cohort of primarily Latino and Black California families with low income (N = 380), we used data from individuals’ 2019 and 2021 tax returns to compare CTC take-up (i.e., receipt among eligible individuals) pre- and post-program expansion. We also compared CTC take-up with take-up of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), a similar US anti-poverty tax policy. We also compared take-up rates by income, age, language, and education.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CTC take-up was higher in 2021 (79 %) compared with 2019 (44 %). EITC take-up was relatively unchanged. CTC and EITC take-up was lower among marginalized groups across both periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CTC take-up increased in 2021 among this sample of low-income households, yet disparities persisted. Optimizing potential benefits of—and removing barriers to—the CTC and EITC could further reduce poverty and improve health equity. This study provides policymakers with timely evidence to inform program design to address persistent health and social inequities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Pages 59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated statistical modeling and machine learning techniques with SHAP for epidemiological data analysis 将统计建模和机器学习技术与SHAP集成,用于流行病学数据分析
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.012
S. Qurat Ul Ain , Khalid Ul Islam Rather
{"title":"Integrated statistical modeling and machine learning techniques with SHAP for epidemiological data analysis","authors":"S. Qurat Ul Ain ,&nbsp;Khalid Ul Islam Rather","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies increasingly rely on advanced analytics to uncover complex relationships in health data. This study employs an innovative SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)-driven framework to enhance the interpretability of machine learning models applied to a dataset of 1200 patients. Key features, including demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical parameters, were analyzed using a Random Forest classifier integrated with SHAP values. Health outcomes, specifically the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, were predicted with high accuracy (85 %) and AUC (0.89), outperforming logistic regression (accuracy = 79 %, AUC = 0.84). SHAP values further highlighted influential predictors such as BMI and age, offering insights into individual contributions to health outcomes. By bridging traditional epidemiological analysis and modern machine learning techniques, this study offers a transparent and interpretable model for healthcare decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Both neighborhood and individual-level social cohesion are associated with testing for HIV in Southeastern Pennsylvania adult population 社区和个人层面的社会凝聚力都与宾夕法尼亚州东南部成年人的艾滋病毒检测有关。
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.013
Joyonna C. Gamble-George PhD , Kamden Hayashi PhD , Lorraine T. Dean ScD , Ester Villalonga-Olives PhD , Isabel Martinez PhD , Yusuf Ransome DrPH
{"title":"Both neighborhood and individual-level social cohesion are associated with testing for HIV in Southeastern Pennsylvania adult population","authors":"Joyonna C. Gamble-George PhD ,&nbsp;Kamden Hayashi PhD ,&nbsp;Lorraine T. Dean ScD ,&nbsp;Ester Villalonga-Olives PhD ,&nbsp;Isabel Martinez PhD ,&nbsp;Yusuf Ransome DrPH","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Neighborhood social capital is hypothesized to influence whether people test for infectious diseases. However, it is unknown whether neighborhood and individual social capital simultaneously influence HIV testing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used multivariable multilevel logistic regression to examine whether census tract-level and individual-level social capital (collective engagement and civic and social participation), as well as social cohesion (trust in neighbors, neighbors willing to help, feelings of belongingness), were associated with testing for HIV in the past 12 months. Participants were white, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latino adults ages 18–49 (N = 1418) who participated in the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Surveys 2010 and 2012. There were 106 census tracts in this sample from Philadelphia, PA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-three percent of participants had an HIV test within the past 12 months. The mean HIV testing across census tracts in the past 12 months was 44 % (SD = 19 %). Neighborhoods (census tracts) explained 8.9 % of the individual-level variance in testing for HIV (Median Odds Ratio [MOR] = 1.72). Greater individual-level trust in neighbors was associated with lower odds of testing for HIV (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]:0.76, 95 % CI = 0.66–0.88). Both individual-level (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]:1.18, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.37) and census tract-level (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]:1.94, 95 % CI = 1.10–3.40) indicators of belonging were associated with higher odds of testing for HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Neighborhood-level and individual-level social capital components should be integrated into interventions to increase HIV testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 106-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantifying the primary care workforce in the U.S.: A validation study with and without an imperfectly measured referent standard 量化美国初级保健工作人员:一项有和没有不完全测量参照标准的验证研究。
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.011
Nicole Rafalko , Scott Siegel , Paul Yerkes , Jan M. Eberth , Igor Burstyn , Neal D. Goldstein
{"title":"Quantifying the primary care workforce in the U.S.: A validation study with and without an imperfectly measured referent standard","authors":"Nicole Rafalko ,&nbsp;Scott Siegel ,&nbsp;Paul Yerkes ,&nbsp;Jan M. Eberth ,&nbsp;Igor Burstyn ,&nbsp;Neal D. Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To validate the National Provider Identifier (NPI), a commonly used data source in health services research, for identifying primary care physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and nurse practitioners (NPs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Validation studies to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and associated 95 % confidence intervals for physicians, PAs, and NPs. For physicians, Medicare claims data were used as an imperfectly measured referent standard. For PAs and NPs, we used a simulation-based method to estimate accuracy parameters that assumed the NPI and Medicare claims were equally misclassified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using the Medicare claims as the referent standard for physicians yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 0.95 (95 % CI: 0.88, 0.98) and 0.76 (95 % CI: 0.73, 0.79), respectively. Using the simulation-based method yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 0.57 (95 % CrI: 0.11, 0.97) and 0.56 (95 % CrI: 0.10, 0.96), respectively for PAs and 0.58 (95 % CrI: 0.13, 0.97) and 0.61 (95 % CrI: 0.14, 0.97), respectively for NPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our validation results varied by provider role. Accuracy was highest for physicians further highlighting the challenges in quantifying PAs and NPs based on their NPI alone. Failure to consider potential misclassification in the NPI may result in biased research findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WITHDRAWN: Self-reported dog vaccination practices in pet owners enrolled in the Dog Aging Project in the United States found most dogs were vaccinated according to veterinarians' recommendations. 撤回:在美国参加狗衰老项目的宠物主人自我报告的狗接种疫苗的做法发现,大多数狗根据兽医的建议接种了疫苗。
IF 3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.009
John E Ekakoro, Audrey Ruple, David Renter, Natalia Cernicchiaro
{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Self-reported dog vaccination practices in pet owners enrolled in the Dog Aging Project in the United States found most dogs were vaccinated according to veterinarians' recommendations.","authors":"John E Ekakoro, Audrey Ruple, David Renter, Natalia Cernicchiaro","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changed epidemiology of influenza and RSV hospitalizations after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Norway, 2017–2024 2017 - 2024年挪威SARS-CoV-2出现后流感和RSV住院的流行病学变化
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.010
Håkon Bøås PhD , Elina Seppälä MD , Lamprini Veneti MSc , Jeanette Stålcrantz M.Phil , Jacob Dag Berild MD , Jesper Dahl MD , Trine Hessevik Paulsen MD
{"title":"Changed epidemiology of influenza and RSV hospitalizations after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Norway, 2017–2024","authors":"Håkon Bøås PhD ,&nbsp;Elina Seppälä MD ,&nbsp;Lamprini Veneti MSc ,&nbsp;Jeanette Stålcrantz M.Phil ,&nbsp;Jacob Dag Berild MD ,&nbsp;Jesper Dahl MD ,&nbsp;Trine Hessevik Paulsen MD","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many countries reported missing and atypical influenza and RSV seasons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe the incidence and seasonality of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV hospitalizations in Norway between 2017 and 2024, and the disease burden between 2022 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using nationwide data on ICD-10 discharge codes, procedure codes and laboratory results, we calculate the incidence of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV hospitalizations, by age group, week and surveillance year between January 2017 to April 2024, and report proportions receiving intensive care, deaths and length of stay between 2022 and 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The transmission of influenza and RSV was interrupted the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and reemerged with epidemics outside of the normal seasonality in 2021/2022, after COVID-19 restrictions were removed. Between 2022 and 2024, COVID-19 was a greater contributor to hospitalizations than influenza and RSV, with higher mortality rate within two weeks of admission. The use of ventilatory support/intensive care admission was highest among patients hospitalized with RSV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The transmission of influenza and RSV was interrupted during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by an unusual seasonality. Although many hospitalizations are caused by RSV and influenza, COVID-19 was the largest contributor of these three to hospital burden in the first years with co-circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A pluralistic approach to interpreting surveillance data: The likely decline in the occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic 解读监测数据的多元方法:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间日本侵袭性肺炎球菌病发病率可能下降
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.008
Reiko Shimbashi , Yuzo Arima , Koji Yahara , Maki Masutani , Ayu Kasamatsu , Munehisa Fukusumi , Toshiki Kajihara , Takeshi Arashiro , Takuri Takahashi , Miyako Otsuka , Yusuke Kobayashi , Katsuhiro Komase , Yuuki Tsuchihashi , Bin Chang , Junko Amemura-Maekawa , Tomimasa Sunagawa , Motoi Suzuki , Yukihiro Akeda
{"title":"A pluralistic approach to interpreting surveillance data: The likely decline in the occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Reiko Shimbashi ,&nbsp;Yuzo Arima ,&nbsp;Koji Yahara ,&nbsp;Maki Masutani ,&nbsp;Ayu Kasamatsu ,&nbsp;Munehisa Fukusumi ,&nbsp;Toshiki Kajihara ,&nbsp;Takeshi Arashiro ,&nbsp;Takuri Takahashi ,&nbsp;Miyako Otsuka ,&nbsp;Yusuke Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Komase ,&nbsp;Yuuki Tsuchihashi ,&nbsp;Bin Chang ,&nbsp;Junko Amemura-Maekawa ,&nbsp;Tomimasa Sunagawa ,&nbsp;Motoi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Akeda","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To systematically investigate whether the decline in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD; caused by <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>) notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on Japan’s national infectious disease surveillance system, was due to a reduction in incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Considering potential surveillance biases from changes in healthcare-seeking, testing/diagnosis, or reporting, we compared the following for the 12-month period before vs. after the state of emergency declaration (week 15, 2020): notification rates of IPD, invasive <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> disease (IHD), and legionellosis (clinically similar bacterial diseases, but unlike IPD/IHD, legionellosis is not transmitted person-to-person and serves as a negative control); surveillance timeliness indicators; notifications restricted to severe cases; and <em>S. pneumoniae</em> detections accounting for test frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the declaration, IPD notifications decreased by 60 % (notification rate ratio = 0.39, 95 %CI = 0.37–0.42). While IHD also decreased markedly (0.37, 0.31–0.44), legionellosis declined little (0.83, 0.78–0.88). None of the diseases showed delays in timeliness. Restricted to severe cases, respectively similar trends were observed for IPD, IHD, and legionellosis, with respectively similar death trends in census data. Additionally, decrease in <em>S. pneumoniae</em> detections greatly exceeded that in test counts, substantially decreasing test positivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our pluralistic approach, reduced IPD notifications could not be explained by surveillance biases and was likely due to decreased incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relationship between living in poverty and youth COVID-19 testing in underserved populations 贫困生活与服务不足人群中青少年COVID-19检测之间的关系
IF 3.3 3区 医学
Annals of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.006
Emily M. D’Agostino , Derek D. Cyr , Lisa Wruck , Maria Victoria Ferraris , Lisa Gwynn , Ryan J. Coller , Dana Keener Mast , Jennifer E. Schuster , Jennifer L. Goldman , Corinne McDaniels-Davidson , Susan M. Kiene , Eyal Oren , Krista M. Perreira
{"title":"The relationship between living in poverty and youth COVID-19 testing in underserved populations","authors":"Emily M. D’Agostino ,&nbsp;Derek D. Cyr ,&nbsp;Lisa Wruck ,&nbsp;Maria Victoria Ferraris ,&nbsp;Lisa Gwynn ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Coller ,&nbsp;Dana Keener Mast ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Goldman ,&nbsp;Corinne McDaniels-Davidson ,&nbsp;Susan M. Kiene ,&nbsp;Eyal Oren ,&nbsp;Krista M. Perreira","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children living in poverty face particular risk for pandemic-related adverse health events. Place-based pandemic-related health inequities may vary for children living in poverty due to social and environmental factors. We aimed to examine the association between living in low-income households and COVID-19 testing in youth across several regions of the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study drew data from three Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations projects (2021–2023). The association between living in low-income households and COVID-19 testing was analyzed by project using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex assigned at birth, race and ethnicity, and household member job loss.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Participants (n = 2934; median [first quartile-third quartile] age, 12 [11–13] years; sex, 52 % male; race, 56 % White, 21 % other; ethnicity, 48 % Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin; income, 18 % living in a low-income household) were included. Overall, 83·5 % of the participants had prior COVID-19 testing. Youth participants living in low-income households had 39 % lower adjusted odds of prior testing for COVID-19 compared to those not living in low-income households (0·61; 95 % CI, 0·42–0·88).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Youth living in low-income households had lower odds of prior testing for COVID-19 compared to those not living in low-income households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Pages 99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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