Annals of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"School environment and adolescent health: Results from the HPTN 068 cohort","authors":"Ruvani T. Jayaweera ,&nbsp;Dana E. Goin ,&nbsp;Ryan G. Wagner ,&nbsp;Torsten B. Neilands ,&nbsp;Sheri A. Lippman ,&nbsp;Kathleen Kahn ,&nbsp;Audrey Pettifor ,&nbsp;Jennifer Ahern","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the relationship between school environment and health and behavior outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data are from baseline and first follow-up of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 longitudinal trial established in 2012 of adolescent girls and young women in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Data from 2212 participants are included. We measured the association between four school environment domains: school resources, school safety, negative personal experiences, and school connectedness, and several health and behavior outcomes: depressive symptoms, low attendance, recent pregnancy, recent unprotected sex, transactional sex, and having an older romantic partner. We used a g-computation approach to estimate risk differences (RD) for the longitudinal relationship between the school environment (measured at the individual and school level) on individual health and behavior outcomes, controlling for baseline covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants at baseline was 15.4; mean age at first follow-up was 16.6. Individual baseline perceptions of an unsafe school environment (RD = 3.1 %, 95 % CI: 1.3–5.2 %) and more frequent negative experiences (RD = 4.0 %, 95 % CI: 2.0–5.9 %) were associated with higher absolute risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up. There was an overall trend toward higher risk of pregnancy, unprotected sex, and having an older partner among those who reported fewer school resources, lack of school safety, more negative personal experiences, and lack of school connectedness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings provide evidence of an overall trend toward higher risk of depression, pregnancy, unprotected sex, and having an older partner among those reporting a worse school environment across four school environment domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating existing and novel methods to understand organizational context: A case study of an academic-public health department partnership","authors":"Larry R. Hearld ,&nbsp;Madeline C. Pratt ,&nbsp;Donna Smith ,&nbsp;Mariel Parman ,&nbsp;Rendi Murphree ,&nbsp;Kevin P. Michaels ,&nbsp;Stephanie Woods-Crawford ,&nbsp;Aadia I. Rana ,&nbsp;Lynn T. Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In this manuscript we illustrate how implementation science (IS) researchers and practitioners can deploy and integrate existing and novel methods to develop a more comprehensive understanding of organizational context, particularly organizational routines and processes, to inform adaptation and implementation of evidence-based interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The work reported here was part of a broader investigation of how to adapt and implement a three-component combination intervention in a county health department in Mobile, Alabama. Based on pre-implementation efforts to assess local context and barriers to implementation, we first describe three approaches that can be effectively used to elucidate organizational routines and processes, followed by a description of how these approaches were applied in our study. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and recommendations for how these approaches can be applied and improved upon by other IS researchers.</div></div><div><h3>Results/Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple methods used iteratively and collaboratively with implementation partners can enhance our understanding of nuanced organizational routines and better inform efforts to adapt and implement evidence-based interventions in complex organizational settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling shared and unique genetic causal relationship between gut microbiota and four types of uterine-related diseases: Bidirectional Mendelian inheritance approaches to dissect the \"Gut-Uterus Axis\"","authors":"Liming Li ,&nbsp;Shengmei Yang ,&nbsp;Ruming Li ,&nbsp;Jungang Su ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Ronghua Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal factor in the etiology of uterine-related diseases. This study aims to elucidate the genetic causal link between gut microbiota composition and these conditions, focusing on the systemic impact and uterine pathology to better understand the \"Gut-Uterus Axis.\"</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized pooled data from two different GWAS databases, including data from 209 gut microbiota traits and data from four uterus-related diseases. Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) approaches, incorporating Bayesian weighting and traditional inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods, were employed to explore causal relationships. The robustness of findings was ensured through sensitivity analyses, outlier testing, and MR-PRESSO analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen significant associations were identified between gut microbiota traits and uterine-related diseases, suggesting potential causal links. These associations were consistent across sensitivity analyses, affirming the reliability of our results. Conversely, reverse MR analyses did not reveal statistically significant associations between uterine diseases and bacterial traits, indicating a unidirectional influence of gut microbiota on uterine health. These findings highlight the complex interplay within the \"Gut-Uterus Axis.\"</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research establishes a causal relationship between gut microbiota and uterine diseases, advocating for targeted interventions to mitigate associated risks. It underscores the interconnectedness of gut and reproductive health, promoting a holistic approach to management and treatment within the \"Gut-Uterus Axis\".</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between iron deficiency anemia and severe maternal morbidity: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Samuel H. Nyarko PhD ,&nbsp;Lucy T. Greenberg MS ,&nbsp;George R. Saade MD ,&nbsp;Ciaran S. Phibbs PhD ,&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Buzas PhD ,&nbsp;Scott A. Lorch MD ,&nbsp;Jeannette Rogowski PhD ,&nbsp;Molly Passarella MS ,&nbsp;Nansi S. Boghossian PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We examined the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) during delivery and up to 1-year postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a retrospective cohort study across 3 states, we computed adjusted relative risks (aRR) for SMM comparing individuals with IDA versus those without, using modified Poisson regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2459,106 individuals, 10.3 % (n = 252,240) had IDA. Individuals with IDA experienced higher rates of blood transfusion and non-transfusion SMM (329 and 122 per 10,000 deliveries, respectively) than those without IDA (33 and 46 per 10,000 deliveries, respectively). The risk of blood transfusion (aRR: 8.2; 95 % CI 7.9–8.5) and non-transfusion SMM (aRR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.8–2.0) were higher among individuals with IDA. The attributable risk per 10,000 deliveries due to IDA for blood transfusion and non-transfusion SMM during delivery were 29.5 (95 % CI: 28.9–30.0) and 5.7 (95 % CI: 5.3–6.2), respectively. Within 1-year postpartum, the relative risk of non-transfusion SMM (aRR:1.3; 95 % CI: 1.2–1.3) was 30 % higher among individuals with IDA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IDA is associated with increased SMM risk. Addressing IDA in pregnant individuals may reduce SMM rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‎The association between cumulative exposure to neighborhood walkability (NW) and diabetes risk, a prospective cohort study","authors":"Simin Hua ,&nbsp;Sandra India-Aldana ,&nbsp;Tess V. Clendenen ,&nbsp;Byoungjun Kim ,&nbsp;James W. Quinn ,&nbsp;Yelena Afanasyeva ,&nbsp;Karen L. Koenig ,&nbsp;Mengling Liu ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Neckerman ,&nbsp;Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Rundle ,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine the association between cumulative exposure to neighborhood walkability (NW) and diabetes risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 11,037 women free of diabetes at enrollment were included. We constructed a 4-item NW index at baseline, and a 2-item average annual NW across years of follow-up that captured both changes in neighborhood features and residential moves. We used multivariable Cox PH regression models with robust variance to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes by NW scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with women living in areas with lowest NW (Q1), those living in areas with highest NW (Q4) had 33 % (26 %−39 %) reduced risk of incident diabetes, using baseline NW, and 25 % (95 % CI 11 %−36 %), using average annual NW. Analysis using time-varying exposure showed that diabetes risks decreased by 13 % (10 %−16 %) per -standard deviation increase in NW. The associations remained similar when using inverse probability of attrition weights and/or competing risk models to account for the effect of censoring due to death or non-response. The associations of average annual NW with incident diabetes were stronger in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Long-term residence in more walkable neighborhoods may be protective against diabetes in women, especially postmenopausal women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of frailty: How the associations between modifiable risk factors and dementia vary","authors":"Lingyuan Gao M.S. ,&nbsp;Junhan Tang M.S. ,&nbsp;Michelle C. Odden Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Chenkai Wu Ph.D., M.P.H., M.S.","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Lancet Commission has highlighted 12 modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, the effects of addressing these risk factors among the heterogeneous older adult population is not fully understood. We compared the association between risk factors and dementia by frailty, conceptualized as an explanation for the underlying health heterogeneity in old age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were from the UK Biobank, a cohort study with over 500,000 participants aged 37–73 between 2006 and 2010. Frailty was measured by five criteria: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, inactivity, and shrinking. Participants meeting 0, 1–2, and 3–5 criteria were considered non-frail, prefrail, and frail, respectively. We included 13 modifiable risk factors. We used logistic regression to determine the associations of risk factors with 10-year dementia among non-frail, pre-frail, and frail individuals, respectively. Additionally, we adopted a g-computation method to estimate the individual and combined population intervention effects (PIE) of the risk factors for dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 381,419 participants, 58.4 %, 38.2 %, and 3.4 % were classified as non-frail, pre-frail, and frail, respectively. Except for smoking, depression, and excessive alcohol use, the other 10 risk factors had a stronger association with dementia among frailer individuals. We observed the highest PIEs among frail individuals when considering hypothetical interventions targeting low education, physical inactivity, central obesity, social isolation, hearing impairment, hypertension, diabetes, high nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) exposure, high exposure of particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM_2.5), and traumatic brain injury individually. For the hypothetical interventions targeting all 13 risk factors together, we found a graded increase in the PIE across frailty status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The associations between modifiable risk factors and dementia were stronger among the frail. We advocate for incorporating frailty assessments to pinpoint those most likely to benefit from targeted risk factor interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Calculating risk and prevalence ratios and differences in R: Developing intuition with a hands-on tutorial and code” [Ann Epidemiol 86 (2023) 104–109]","authors":"Rachel R. Yorlets ,&nbsp;Youjin Lee ,&nbsp;Jason R. Gantenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor on \"The Conclusion Generator\".","authors":"Alessandro Rovetta, Mohammad Ali Mansournia","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of multiple mediation with contextual neighborhood measures in ovarian cancer survival","authors":"Andrew B. Lawson ,&nbsp;Yao Xin ,&nbsp;Edward S. Peters ,&nbsp;Courtney Johnson ,&nbsp;Theresa Hastert ,&nbsp;Elisa V. Bandera ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Alberg ,&nbsp;Lindsay Collin ,&nbsp;Paul Terry ,&nbsp;Maxwell Akonde ,&nbsp;Hannah Mandle ,&nbsp;Michele L. Cote ,&nbsp;Melissa Bondy ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Marks ,&nbsp;Lauren C. Peres ,&nbsp;Kendra L. Ratnapradipa ,&nbsp;Joellen M. Schildkraut","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mediation by multiple agents can affect the relation between neighborhood deprivation and segregation indices and ovarian cancer survival. In this paper, we examine a variety of potential clinical mediators in the association between deprivation indices (DIs) and segregation indices (SIs) with all-cause survival among women with ovarian cancer in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We use novel Bayesian multiple mediation structural models to assess the joint role of mediators (stage at diagnosis, histology, diagnostic delay) combined with the DIs and SIs (Yost, ADI, Kolak’s URB, ICE-income) and a set of confounders with survival. The confounder set is selected in a preliminary step, and each DI or SI is included in separate model fits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When multiple mediators are included, the total impact of DIs and SIs on survival is much reduced. Unlike the single mediator examples previously reported, the Yost, ADI and ICE-income indices do not display significant direct effects. This suggests that when important clinical mediators are included, the impact of neighborhood SES indices is significantly attenuated. It is also clear that certain behavioral and demographic measures such as physical activity, smoking, or adjusted family income do not have a significant role in survival when mediated by clinical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multiple mediation via clinical and diagnostic-related measures reduces the contextual effects of neighborhood measures on ovarian cancer survival. The robust association of the Kolak URB index on survival may be due to its relevance to access to care, unlike SES-based indices whose impact was significantly reduced when important clinical mediators were included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between daily distributional patterns of physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk among older adults in NHANES 2003-2006","authors":"Sunwoo Emma Cho ,&nbsp;Enakshi Saha ,&nbsp;Marcos Matabuena ,&nbsp;Jingkai Wei ,&nbsp;Rahul Ghosal","doi":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has previously been shown to be a prominent risk factor for CVD mortality. Traditionally, measurements of PA have been self-reported and based on various summary metrics. However, recent advances in wearable technology provide continuously monitored and objectively measured physical activity data. This facilitates a more comprehensive interpretation of the implications of PA in the context of CVD mortality by considering its daily patterns and compositions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized accelerometer data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on 2816 older adults aged 50–85 and mortality data from the National Death Index (NDI) in December 2019. A novel partially functional distributional analysis method was used to quantify and understand the association between daily distributional patterns of physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk through a multivariable functional Cox model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A higher mean intensity of daily PA during the day was associated with a reduced hazard of CVD mortality after adjusting for other higher order distributional summaries of PA and age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD). A higher daily variability of PA during afternoon was associated with a reduced hazard of CVD mortality, after adjusting for the other predictors, particularly on weekdays. The subjects with a lower variability of PA, despite having same mean PA throughout the day, could have a lower reserve of PA and hence could be at increased risk for CVD mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results demonstrate that not only the mean intensity of daily PA during daytime, but also the variability of PA during afternoon could be an important protective factor against the risk of CVD-mortality. Considering circadian rhythm of PA as well as its daily compositions can be useful for designing time-of-day and intensity-specific PA interventions to protect against the risk of CVD mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50767,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}