Veronica Iacovacci, Eric Diller, Daniel Ahmed, Arianna Menciassi
{"title":"Medical Microrobots","authors":"Veronica Iacovacci, Eric Diller, Daniel Ahmed, Arianna Menciassi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081523-033131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081523-033131","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists around the world have long aimed to produce miniature robots that can be controlled inside the human body to aid doctors in identifying and treating diseases. Such microrobots hold the potential to access hard-to-reach areas of the body through the natural lumina. Wireless access has the potential to overcome drawbacks of systemic therapy, as well as to enable completely new minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this review is fourfold: first, to provide a collection of valuable anatomical and physiological information on the target working environments together with engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots; second, to provide a comprehensive updated survey of the technological state of the art in relevant classes of medical microrobots; third, to analyze currently available tracking and closed loop control strategies compatible with the in-body environment; and fourth, to explore the challenges still in place, to steer and inspire future research.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillermo Lorenzo, Syed Rakin Ahmed, David A. Hormuth II, Brenna Vaughn, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Luis Solorio, Thomas E. Yankeelov, Hector Gomez
{"title":"Patient-Specific, Mechanistic Models of Tumor Growth Incorporating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data","authors":"Guillermo Lorenzo, Syed Rakin Ahmed, David A. Hormuth II, Brenna Vaughn, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Luis Solorio, Thomas E. Yankeelov, Hector Gomez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081623-025834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081623-025834","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the remarkable advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management over the past decade, malignant tumors remain a major public health problem. Further progress in combating cancer may be enabled by personalizing the delivery of therapies according to the predicted response for each individual patient. The design of personalized therapies requires the integration of patient-specific information with an appropriate mathematical model of tumor response. A fundamental barrier to realizing this paradigm is the current lack of a rigorous yet practical mathematical theory of tumor initiation, development, invasion, and response to therapy. We begin this review with an overview of different approaches to modeling tumor growth and treatment, including mechanistic as well as data-driven models based on big data and artificial intelligence. We then present illustrative examples of mathematical models manifesting their utility and discuss the limitations of stand-alone mechanistic and data-driven models. We then discuss the potential of mechanistic models for not only predicting but also optimizing response to therapy on a patient-specific basis. We describe current efforts and future possibilities to integrate mechanistic and data-driven models. We conclude by proposing five fundamental challenges that must be addressed to fully realize personalized care for cancer patients driven by computational models.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasmonic-Driven Regulation of Biomolecular Activity In Situ","authors":"Chen Xie, Tingting Zhang, Zhenpeng Qin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-105043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-105043","url":null,"abstract":"Selective and remote manipulation of activity for biomolecules, including protein, DNA, and lipids, is crucial to elucidate the molecular function and to develop biomedical applications. While advances in tool development, such as optogenetics, have significantly impacted these directions, the requirement for genetic modification significantly limits their therapeutic applications. Plasmonic nanoparticle heating has brought new opportunities to the field, as hot nanoparticles are unique point heat sources at the nanoscale. In this review, we summarize fundamental engineering problems such as plasmonic heating and the resulting biomolecular responses. We highlight the biological responses and applications of manipulating biomolecules and provide perspectives for future directions in the field.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He (Helen) Huang, Levi J. Hargrove, Max Ortiz-Catalan, Jonathon W. Sensinger
{"title":"Integrating Upper-Limb Prostheses with the Human Body: Technology Advances, Readiness, and Roles in Human–Prosthesis Interaction","authors":"He (Helen) Huang, Levi J. Hargrove, Max Ortiz-Catalan, Jonathon W. Sensinger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-095816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-095816","url":null,"abstract":"Significant advances in bionic prosthetics have occurred in the past two decades. The field's rapid expansion has yielded many exciting technologies that can enhance the physical, functional, and cognitive integration of a prosthetic limb with a human. We review advances in the engineering of prosthetic devices and their interfaces with the human nervous system, as well as various surgical techniques for altering human neuromusculoskeletal systems for seamless human–prosthesis integration. We discuss significant advancements in research and clinical translation, focusing on upper limb prosthetics since they heavily rely on user intent for daily operation, although many discussed technologies have been extended to lower limb prostheses as well. In addition, our review emphasizes the roles of advanced prosthetics technologies in complex interactions with humans and the technology readiness levels (TRLs) of individual research advances. Finally, we discuss current gaps and controversies in the field and point out future research directions, guided by TRLs.","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Models for Health Deterioration: Understanding Disease Pathways for Personalized Medicine.","authors":"Bjoern M Eskofier, Jochen Klucken","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-030247","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-030247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are currently widely employed in medicine and healthcare. A PubMed search returns more than 100,000 articles on these topics published between 2018 and 2022 alone. Notwithstanding several recent reviews in various subfields of AI and ML in medicine, we have yet to see a comprehensive review around the methods' use in longitudinal analysis and prediction of an individual patient's health status within a personalized disease pathway. This review seeks to fill that gap. After an overview of the AI and ML methods employed in this field and of specific medical applications of models of this type, the review discusses the strengths and limitations of current studies and looks ahead to future strands of research in this field. We aim to enable interested readers to gain a detailed impression of the research currently available and accordingly plan future work around predictive models for deterioration in health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"131-156"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Bouman Chen, Ming He, Julie Yi-Shuan Li, John Y-J Shyy, Shu Chien
{"title":"Epitranscriptional Regulation: From the Perspectives of Cardiovascular Bioengineering.","authors":"Zhen Bouman Chen, Ming He, Julie Yi-Shuan Li, John Y-J Shyy, Shu Chien","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081922-021233","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081922-021233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central dogma of gene expression involves DNA transcription to RNA and RNA translation into protein. As key intermediaries and modifiers, RNAs undergo various forms of modifications such as methylation, pseudouridylation, deamination, and hydroxylation. These modifications, termed epitranscriptional regulations, lead to functional changes in RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for RNA modifications in gene translation, DNA damage response, and cell fate regulation. Epitranscriptional modifications play an essential role in development, mechanosensing, atherogenesis, and regeneration in the cardiovascular (CV) system, and their elucidation is critically important to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CV physiology and pathophysiology. This review aims at providing biomedical engineers with an overview of the epitranscriptome landscape, related key concepts, recent findings in epitranscriptional regulations, and tools for epitranscriptome analysis. The potential applications of this important field in biomedical engineering research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"157-184"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies.","authors":"Robert S Rosen, Martin L Yarmush","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"363-385"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging Penetrating Neural Electrodes: In Pursuit of Large Scale and Longevity.","authors":"Lan Luan, Rongkang Yin, Hanlin Zhu, Chong Xie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-090622-050507","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-090622-050507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penetrating neural electrodes provide a powerful approach to decipher brain circuitry by allowing for time-resolved electrical detections of individual action potentials. This unique capability has contributed tremendously to basic and translational neuroscience, enabling both fundamental understandings of brain functions and applications of human prosthetic devices that restore crucial sensations and movements. However, conventional approaches are limited by the scarce number of available sensing channels and compromised efficacy over long-term implantations. Recording longevity and scalability have become the most sought-after improvements in emerging technologies. In this review, we discuss the technological advances in the past 5-10 years that have enabled larger-scale, more detailed, and longer-lasting recordings of neural circuits at work than ever before. We present snapshots of the latest advances in penetration electrode technology, showcase their applications in animal models and humans, and outline the underlying design principles and considerations to fuel future technological development.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"185-205"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nishaka William, Sophia Mangan, Rob N Ben, Jason P Acker
{"title":"Engineered Compounds to Control Ice Nucleation and Recrystallization.","authors":"Nishaka William, Sophia Mangan, Rob N Ben, Jason P Acker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082222-015243","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082222-015243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins, we now have easily accessible compounds and materials capable of recapitulating the mechanisms seen in nature for biopreser-vation applications. The output from this burgeoning area of research can interact synergistically with other novel developments in the field of cryobiology, making it an opportune time for a review on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"333-362"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noninvasive Monitoring to Detect Dehydration: Are We There Yet?","authors":"Martha Gray, Judith S Birkenfeld, Ian Butterworth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121028","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The need for hydration monitoring is significant, especially for the very young and elderly populations who are more vulnerable to becoming dehydrated and suffering from the effects that dehydration brings. This need has been among the drivers of considerable effort in the academic and commercial sectors to provide a means for monitoring hydration status, with a special interest in doing so outside the hospital or clinical setting. This review of emerging technologies provides an overview of many technology approaches that, on a theoretical basis, have sensitivity to water and are feasible as a routine measurement. We review the evidence of technical validation and of their use in humans. Finally, we highlight the essential need for these technologies to be rigorously evaluated for their diagnostic potential, as a necessary step to meet the need for hydration monitoring outside of the clinical environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50757,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"23-49"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}