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Cognitive Neuropsychology最新文献

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Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm 思维敏捷的人能成为好的思考者吗?使用双反应范式测量基础率忽略的神经关联
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589
O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys
{"title":"Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm","authors":"O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditionally, it has been assumed that logical thinking requires deliberation. However, people can also make logical responses quickly, exhibiting logical intuitions. We examined the neural correlates of logical intuitions by administering base rate problems during fMRI scanning using a two-response paradigm where participants first responded quickly and then reflectively to problems that did or did not pit a normative response against an intuitively-cued stereotypical response (i.e., conflict vs. non-conflict problems). As predicted, participants were less likely to make judgments in accordance with base rates on conflict problems. Critically, in only 4% of cases did longer deliberation change an initially biased response to a normatively correct response. The fMRI data revealed that intuitively-made initial biased judgments nevertheless activate regions typically involved in cognitive control, executive functions and attention, including anterior, inferior, middle and superior frontal cortex, suggesting that even when errors are made, there might be very early awareness of conflict.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"365 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of visual-spatial attention in reading development: a meta-analysis 视觉空间注意在阅读发展中的作用：一项荟萃分析
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839
Lorana Gavril, Adrian Roșan, Ștefan Szamosközi
{"title":"The role of visual-spatial attention in reading development: a meta-analysis","authors":"Lorana Gavril, Adrian Roșan, Ștefan Szamosközi","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The association between visual attention and reading development has been investigated as a possible core causal deficit in dyslexia, in addition to phonological awareness. This study aims to provide a meta-analytic review of the research on attentional processes and their relation to reading development, to examine the possible influence on it of orthographic depth, age, and attentional tasks (interpreted as serial or parallel processing indices). We included studies with participants up to 18 years of age that have considered the visual spatial attention orienting that sustains the serial visual analysis involved in the phonological pathway of decoding, and the visual attention span that supports the multielement parallel processing that is thought to influence lexical decoding. The results confirm a strong association between visual attention and reading development; we evaluate the evidence and discuss the possibility that visual attention processes play a causal role in determining individual differences in reading acquisition.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"387 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47592537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children. 同一枚硬币的两面:多动症影响儿童的反应性抑制，而不是主动抑制。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944
Isabel Suarez, Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón, Aurelie Grandjean, Ernesto Barceló, Moises Mebarak, Soraya Lewis, Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, Laurence Casini
{"title":"Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children.","authors":"Isabel Suarez,&nbsp;Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón,&nbsp;Aurelie Grandjean,&nbsp;Ernesto Barceló,&nbsp;Moises Mebarak,&nbsp;Soraya Lewis,&nbsp;Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema,&nbsp;Laurence Casini","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39833164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Atypical viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia: A behavioural and modelling investigation. 发育性阅读障碍的非典型视位效应:行为和模型研究。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107
Sylviane Valdois, Thierry Phénix, Mathilde Fort, Julien Diard
{"title":"Atypical viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia: A behavioural and modelling investigation.","authors":"Sylviane Valdois,&nbsp;Thierry Phénix,&nbsp;Mathilde Fort,&nbsp;Julien Diard","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The probability of recognizing a word depends on the position of fixation during processing. In typical readers, the resulting word-recognition curves are asymmetrical, showing a left-of-centre optimal viewing position (OVP). First, we report behavioural results from dyslexic participants who show atypical word-recognition curves characterized by the OVP being right of centre with recognition probability being higher on the rightmost than on the leftmost letters. Second, we used BRAID, a Bayesian model of word recognition that implements gaze position, an acuity gradient, lateral interference and a visual attention component, to examine how variations in the deployment of visual attention would affect the OVP curves. We show that the atypical dyslexic curves are well simulated assuming a narrow distribution of visual attention and a shifting of visual attention towards the left visual field. These behavioural and modelling findings are discussed in light of current theories of visual attention deficits in developmental dyslexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"319-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39744171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sex differences in the effects on the brain of early cognitive stimulation. 早期认知刺激对大脑影响的性别差异。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108
Saul Sternberg
{"title":"Sex differences in the effects on the brain of early cognitive stimulation.","authors":"Saul Sternberg","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A study by Farah and colleagues (2021) of the effects on the adult brain of a cognitively intense early childhood experience revealed large effects, but primarily in the brains of male subjects, while causing equally large increases of childhood IQ in males and females. The present analysis advances and tests a conjecture about one reason for the sex difference. Among the control subjects, the summed volume of four small regions of the cortex, associated with language and cognitive processes, is proportionally larger in females. Based on these four regions, a new brain measure, the \"cognitive ratio\", is defined. The cognitive ratio is found to be strongly and negatively correlated with variations in the effect of the early experience on brain volume among the males, and explains a large proportion of the difference between males and females, as well as the greater sensitivity of the male brains to that experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"336-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39673484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The seductive allure of the brain: Dualism and lay perceptions of neuroscience. 大脑的诱惑:神经科学的二元论和外行感知。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127
Gwendolyn Sandoboe, Iris Berent
{"title":"The seductive allure of the brain: Dualism and lay perceptions of neuroscience.","authors":"Gwendolyn Sandoboe,&nbsp;Iris Berent","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laypeople prefer brain explanations of behavior (Weisberg, Keil, Goodstein, Rawson, & Gray, 2008). We suggest that this preference arises from 'intuitive Dualism'. For the Dualist, mentalistic causation elicits a mind-body dissonance, as it suggests that the immaterial mind affects the body. Brain causation attributes behavior to the body, so it alleviates the dissonance, hence, preferred. We thus predict stronger brain preference for epistemic traits - those perceived as least material, even when no explanation is required. To test this prediction, participants diagnosed clinical conditions using matched brain- and behavioral tests. Experiments 1-2 showed that epistemic traits elicited stronger preference for brain tests. Experiment 3 confirmed that epistemic traits are perceived as immaterial. Experiment 4 showed that, the less material the trait seems, the stronger the surprise (possibly, dissonance) and brain preference. Results offer new insights into public perception of science, the role of intuitive Dualism, and the seductive allure of neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"205-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Apraxia of speech and the study of speech production impairments: Can we avoid further confusion? Reply to Romani (2021). 语言失用症和语言产生障碍的研究:我们能避免进一步的混淆吗?回复罗曼尼语(2021)。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790
Marja-Liisa Mailend, Edwin Maas, Brad H Story
{"title":"Apraxia of speech and the study of speech production impairments: Can we avoid further confusion? Reply to Romani (2021).","authors":"Marja-Liisa Mailend,&nbsp;Edwin Maas,&nbsp;Brad H Story","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We agree with Cristina Romani (CR) about reducing confusion and agree that the issues raised in her commentary are central to the study of apraxia of speech (AOS). However, CR critiques our approach from the perspective of basic cognitive neuropsychology. This is confusing and misleading because, contrary to CR's claim, we did not attempt to inform models of typical speech production. Instead, we relied on such models to study the impairment in the clinical category of AOS (translational cognitive neuropsychology). Thus, the approach along with the underlying assumptions is different. This response aims to clarify these assumptions, broaden the discussion regarding the methodological approach, and address CR's concerns. We argue that our approach is well-suited to meet the goals of our recent studies and is commensurate with the current state of the science of AOS. Ultimately, a plurality of approaches is needed to understand a phenomenon as complex as AOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 4","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10011684/pdf/nihms-1873932.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9161624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder. 特异阅读障碍影像学遗传学研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900
Tina Thomas, Shiva Khalaf, Elena L Grigorenko
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder.","authors":"Tina Thomas,&nbsp;Shiva Khalaf,&nbsp;Elena L Grigorenko","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The imaging genetics of specific reading disabilities (SRD) is an emerging field that aims to characterize the disabilities' neurobiological causes, including atypical brain structure and function and distinct genetic architecture. The present review aimed to summarize current imaging genetics studies of SRD, characterize the effect sizes of reported results by calculating Cohen's <i>d,</i> complete a Fisher's Combined Probability Test for genes featured in multiple studies, and determine areas for future research. Results demonstrate associations between SRD risk genes and reading network brain phenotypes. The Fisher's test revealed promising results for the genes <i>DCDC2, KIAA0319, FOXP2, SLC2A3,</i> and <i>ROBO1.</i> Future research should focus on exploratory approaches to identify previously undiscovered genes. Using comprehensive neuroimaging (e.g., functional and effective connectivity) and genetic (e.g., sequencing and epigenetic) techniques, and using larger samples, diverse stages of development, and longitudinal investigations, would help researchers understand the neurobiological correlates of SRD to improve early identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"179-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8500943/pdf/nihms-1736356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Whole-object effects in visual word processing: Parallels with and differences from face recognition. 视觉文字处理中的全对象效应:与人脸识别的相似之处和区别。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369
Monireh Feizabadi, Andrea Albonico, Randi Starrfelt, Jason J S Barton
{"title":"Whole-object effects in visual word processing: Parallels with and differences from face recognition.","authors":"Monireh Feizabadi,&nbsp;Andrea Albonico,&nbsp;Randi Starrfelt,&nbsp;Jason J S Barton","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual words and faces differ in their structural properties, but both are objects of high expertise. Holistic processing is said to characterize expert face recognition, but the extent to which whole-word processes contribute to word recognition is unclear, particularly as word recognition is thought to proceed by a component-based process. We review the evidence for experimental effects in word recognition that parallel those used to support holistic face processing, namely inversion effects, the part-whole task, and composite effects, as well as the status of whole-word processing in pure alexia and developmental dyslexia, contrasts between familiar and unfamiliar languages, and the differences between handwriting and typeset font. The observations support some parallels in whole-object influences between face and visual word recognition, but do not necessarily imply similar expert mechanisms. It remains to be determined whether and how the relative balance between part-based and whole-object processing differs for visual words and faces.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"231-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Face recognition in developmental dyslexia: evidence for dissociation between faces and words. 发展性阅读障碍的面部识别:面部与文字分离的证据。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2020.1847060
Christina D Kühn, Christian Gerlach, Kristian Bjerre Andersen, Mads Poulsen, Randi Starrfelt
{"title":"Face recognition in developmental dyslexia: evidence for dissociation between faces and words.","authors":"Christina D Kühn,&nbsp;Christian Gerlach,&nbsp;Kristian Bjerre Andersen,&nbsp;Mads Poulsen,&nbsp;Randi Starrfelt","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2020.1847060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2020.1847060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental dyslexia is primarily a reading disorder, but recent studies have indicated that face processing problems may also be present. Using a case-series approach, we tested face recognition and visual word recognition in 24 high school students diagnosed with developmental dyslexia. Contrary to previous findings, no face recognition problems were found on the group-level. Rather, a significant classical dissociation with impaired word reading and normal face recognition was demonstrated on a group-level and for six individuals with developmental dyslexia. However, four individuals with dyslexia did show face recognition problems. Thus, while problems in face recognition can be present in developmental dyslexia, the dissociation strongly suggests that face recognition can also be preserved. Combined with previously reported dissociations between face and word recognition in developmental prosopagnosia, this constitutes a double dissociation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02643294.2020.1847060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38644704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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