{"title":"The localization of coma.","authors":"Kartavya Sharma, Gustavo Deco, Ana Solodkin","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2420406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2024.2420406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coma and disorders of consciousness (DoC) are common manifestations of acute severe brain injuries. Research into their neuroanatomical basis can be traced from Hippocrates to the present day. Lesions causing DoC have traditionally been conceptualized as decreasing \"alertness\" from damage to the ascending arousal system, and/or, reducing level of \"awareness\" due to structural or functional impairment of large-scale brain networks. Within this framework, pharmacological and neuromodulatory interventions to promote recovery from DoC have hitherto met with limited success. This is partly due to inter-individual heterogeneity of brain injury patterns, and an incomplete understanding of brain network properties that characterize consciousness. Advances in multiscale computational modelling of brain dynamics have opened a unique opportunity to explore the causal mechanisms of brain activity at the biophysical level. These models can provide a novel approach for selection and optimization of potential interventions by simulation of brain network dynamics individualized for each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the procedural deficit hypothesis of dyslexia account for the lack of automatization and the comorbidity among developmental disorders?","authors":"Chiara Valeria Marinelli,Marialuisa Martelli,Pierluigi Zoccolotti","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2393447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2024.2393447","url":null,"abstract":"We critically examine the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) that proposes that a deficit in procedural (as opposed to declarative) learning underlies dyslexia and other developmental disorders. We first note that the existence of dissociated learning disorders (and multiple forms for each disorder) appears incompatible with a general deficit account. Moreover, the PDH formulation appears generally underspecified in terms of predictions to be tested. A particular focus is on the conceptualization of automatization. However, there are alternative views of automaticity, and comparing these different views helps frame the body of findings on the PDH. The insufficient PDH specification led to tasks touching on different skills and selecting target groups based on general diagnostic categories. Accordingly, several recent reviews and meta-analyses reported mixed patterns of findings and reached contradictory conclusions on the PDH. We propose avenues for future research to effectively examine the role of PDH in learning and other developmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2368876
Lisa Bartha-Doering, Daniel Roberts, Bettina Baumgartner, Mehmet Salih Yildirim, Vito Giordano, Alfredo Spagna, Katharina Pal-Handl, Susanne Maria Javorszky, Gregor Kasprian, Rainer Seidl
{"title":"Developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia in a child with corpus callosum agenesis: an approach to diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Lisa Bartha-Doering, Daniel Roberts, Bettina Baumgartner, Mehmet Salih Yildirim, Vito Giordano, Alfredo Spagna, Katharina Pal-Handl, Susanne Maria Javorszky, Gregor Kasprian, Rainer Seidl","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2368876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2368876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case study detailing cognitive performance, functional neuroimaging, and effects of a hypothesis-driven treatment in a 10-year-old girl diagnosed with complete, isolated corpus callosum agenesis. Despite having average overall intellectual abilities, the girl exhibited profound surface dyslexia and dysgraphia. Spelling treatment significantly and persistently improved her spelling of trained irregular words, and this improvement generalized to reading accuracy and speed of trained words. Diffusion weighted imaging revealed strengthened intrahemispheric white matter connectivity of the left temporal cortex after treatment and identified interhemispheric connectivity between the occipital lobes, likely facilitated by a pathway crossing the midline via the posterior commissure. This case underlines the corpus callosum's critical role in lexical reading and writing. It demonstrates that spelling treatment may enhance interhemispheric connectivity in corpus callosum agenesis through alternative pathways, boosting the development of a more efficient functional organization of the visual word form area within the left temporo-occipital cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"148-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2373842
Fatima Jebahi, Aneta Kielar
{"title":"The relationship between semantics, phonology, and naming performance in aphasia: a structural equation modeling approach.","authors":"Fatima Jebahi, Aneta Kielar","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2373842","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2373842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exploration of naming error patterns in aphasia provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying naming performance. We investigated how semantic and phonological abilities correlate and how they influence naming performance in aphasia. Data from 296 individuals with aphasia, drawn from the Moss Aphasia Psycholinguistics Project Database, were analyzed using a structural equation model. The model incorporated latent variables for semantics and phonology and manifest variables for naming accuracy and error patterns. There was a moderate positive correlation between semantics and phonology after controlling for overall aphasia severity. Both semantic and phonological abilities influenced naming accuracy. Semantic abilities negatively related to semantic, mixed, unrelated errors, and no responses. Interestingly, phonology positively affected semantic errors. Additionally, phonological abilities negatively related to each of phonological and neologism errors. These results highlight the role of semantic and phonological skills on naming performance in aphasia and reveal a relationship between these cognitive processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The heterogeneity of holistic processing profiles in developmental prosopagnosia: holistic processing is impaired but not absent.","authors":"Bryan Qi Zheng Leong, Ahamed Miflah Hussain Ismail, Hoo Keat Wong, Alejandro J Estudillo","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2371384","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2371384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although it is generally assumed that face recognition relies on holistic processing, whether face recognition deficits observed in Developmental Prosopagnosics (DPs) can be explained by impaired holistic processing is currently under debate. The mixed findings from past studies could be the consequence of DP's heterogeneous deficit nature and the use of different measures of holistic processing-the inversion, part-whole, and composite tasks-which showed a poor association among each other. The present study aimed to gain further insight into the role of holistic processing in DPs. Groups of DPs and neurotypicals completed three tests measuring holistic face processing and non-face objects (i.e., Navon task). At a group level, DPs showed (1) diminished, but not absent, inversion and part-whole effects, (2) comparable magnitudes of the composite face effect and (3) global precedence effect in the Navon task. However, single-case analyses showed that these holistic processing deficits in DPs are <i>heterogeneous</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"129-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dinesh Ramoo, Claudia Galluzzi, Andrew Olson, Cristina Romani
{"title":"Phonological impairments in Hindi aphasics: Error analyses and cross-linguistic comparisons.","authors":"Dinesh Ramoo, Claudia Galluzzi, Andrew Olson, Cristina Romani","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2024.2315825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed phonological and apraxic impairments in Hindi persons with aphasia (PwA) and compared them to Italian PwA reported in previous studies. Overall, we found strong similarities. Phonological errors were present across production tasks (repetition, reading and naming), most errors were non-lexical and, among those, a majority involved individual phonemes. There were significant effects of length, but not frequency. Hindi PwA, like the Italian PwA, showed strong effects of syllabic structure, with most errors occurring on consonants and weak syllabic positions, preserving syllable structure and simplifying phonemes or syllabic templates. These similarities were modulated by some language-specific patterns. Vowel insertions were more common in Hindi, possibly due to the presence of a central vowel, and segmental simplifications concentrated on marked aspiration and retroflection features. We hope our study will encourage further research in Hindi and other Indian languages. This will improve clinical diagnosis and our understanding of cross-linguistic differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2315822
Leonie F Lampe, Maria Zarifyan, Solène Hameau, Lyndsey Nickels
{"title":"Why is a <i>flamingo</i> named as <i>pelican</i> and <i>asparagus</i> as <i>celery</i>? Understanding the relationship between targets and errors in a speeded picture naming task.","authors":"Leonie F Lampe, Maria Zarifyan, Solène Hameau, Lyndsey Nickels","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315822","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speakers sometimes make word production errors, such as mistakenly saying <i>pelican</i> instead of flamingo. This study explored which properties of an error influence the likelihood of its selection over the target word. Analysing real-word errors in speeded picture naming, we investigated whether, relative to the target, naming errors were more typical representatives of the semantic category, were associated with more semantic features, and/or were semantically more closely related to the target than its near semantic neighbours were on average. Results indicated that naming errors tended to be more typical category representatives and possess more semantic features than the targets. Moreover, while not being the closest semantic neighbours, errors were largely near semantic neighbours of the targets. These findings suggest that typicality, number of semantic features, and semantic similarity govern activation levels in the production system, and we discuss possible mechanisms underlying these effects in the context of word production theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"18-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2315823
Marc Gimeno-Martínez, Cristina Baus
{"title":"Characterizing language production across modalities.","authors":"Marc Gimeno-Martínez, Cristina Baus","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>This study investigates factors influencing lexical access in language production across modalities (signed and oral). Data from deaf and hearing signers were reanalyzed (Baus and Costa, 2015, On the temporal dynamics of sign production: An ERP study in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). <i>Brain Research</i>, <i>1609</i>(1), 40-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.013; Gimeno-Martínez and Baus, 2022, Iconicity in sign language production: Task matters. <i>Neuropsychologia</i>, <i>167</i>, 108166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108166) testing the influence of psycholinguistic variables and ERP mean amplitudes on signing and naming latencies. Deaf signers' signing latencies were influenced by sign iconicity in the picture signing task, and by spoken psycholinguistic variables in the word-to-sign translation task. Additionally, ERP amplitudes before response influenced signing but not translation latencies. Hearing signers' latencies, both signing and naming, were influenced by sign iconicity and word frequency, with early ERP amplitudes predicting only naming latencies. These findings highlight general and modality-specific determinants of lexical access in language production.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2366467
Rachel Zahn, Randi C Martin
{"title":"The role of input vs. output phonological working memory in narrative production: Evidence from case series and case study approaches.","authors":"Rachel Zahn, Randi C Martin","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2366467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2366467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Separable input and output phonological working memory (WM) capacities have been proposed, with the input capacity supporting speech recognition and the output capacity supporting production. We examined the role of input vs. output phonological WM in narrative production, examining speech rate and pronoun ratio - two measures with prior evidence of a relation to phonological WM. For speech rate, a case series approach with individuals with aphasia found no significant independent contribution of input or output phonological WM capacity after controlling for single-word production. For pronoun ratio, there was some suggestion of a role for input phonological WM. Thus, neither finding supported a specific role for an output phonological buffer in speech production. In contrast, two cases demonstrating dissociations between input and output phonological WM capacities provided suggestive evidence of predicted differences in narrative production, though follow-up research is needed. Implications for case series vs. case study approaches are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"70-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive NeuropsychologyPub Date : 2024-02-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2024.2315831
Sara D Beach, Caroline A Niziolek
{"title":"Inhibitory modulation of speech trajectories: Evidence from a vowel-modified Stroop task.","authors":"Sara D Beach, Caroline A Niziolek","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02643294.2024.2315831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does cognitive inhibition influence speaking? The Stroop effect is a classic demonstration of the interference between reading and color naming. We used a novel variant of the Stroop task to measure whether this interference impacts not only the response speed, but also the acoustic properties of speech. Speakers named the color of words in three categories: congruent (e.g., <i>red</i> written in red), color-incongruent (e.g., <i>green</i> written in red), and vowel-incongruent - those with partial phonological overlap with their color (e.g., <i>rid</i> written in red, <i>grain</i> in green, and <i>blow</i> in blue). Our primary aim was to identify any effect of the distractor vowel on the acoustics of the target vowel. Participants were no slower to respond on vowel-incongruent trials, but formant trajectories tended to show a bias away from the distractor vowel, consistent with a phenomenon of <i>acoustic inhibition</i> that increases contrast between confusable alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"51-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}