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Cognitive Neuropsychology最新文献

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Sex differences in the effects on the brain of early cognitive stimulation. 早期认知刺激对大脑影响的性别差异。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108
Saul Sternberg
{"title":"Sex differences in the effects on the brain of early cognitive stimulation.","authors":"Saul Sternberg","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2004108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A study by Farah and colleagues (2021) of the effects on the adult brain of a cognitively intense early childhood experience revealed large effects, but primarily in the brains of male subjects, while causing equally large increases of childhood IQ in males and females. The present analysis advances and tests a conjecture about one reason for the sex difference. Among the control subjects, the summed volume of four small regions of the cortex, associated with language and cognitive processes, is proportionally larger in females. Based on these four regions, a new brain measure, the \"cognitive ratio\", is defined. The cognitive ratio is found to be strongly and negatively correlated with variations in the effect of the early experience on brain volume among the males, and explains a large proportion of the difference between males and females, as well as the greater sensitivity of the male brains to that experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"336-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39673484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atypical viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia: A behavioural and modelling investigation. 发育性阅读障碍的非典型视位效应:行为和模型研究。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107
Sylviane Valdois, Thierry Phénix, Mathilde Fort, Julien Diard
{"title":"Atypical viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia: A behavioural and modelling investigation.","authors":"Sylviane Valdois,&nbsp;Thierry Phénix,&nbsp;Mathilde Fort,&nbsp;Julien Diard","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2004107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The probability of recognizing a word depends on the position of fixation during processing. In typical readers, the resulting word-recognition curves are asymmetrical, showing a left-of-centre optimal viewing position (OVP). First, we report behavioural results from dyslexic participants who show atypical word-recognition curves characterized by the OVP being right of centre with recognition probability being higher on the rightmost than on the leftmost letters. Second, we used BRAID, a Bayesian model of word recognition that implements gaze position, an acuity gradient, lateral interference and a visual attention component, to examine how variations in the deployment of visual attention would affect the OVP curves. We show that the atypical dyslexic curves are well simulated assuming a narrow distribution of visual attention and a shifting of visual attention towards the left visual field. These behavioural and modelling findings are discussed in light of current theories of visual attention deficits in developmental dyslexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"319-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39744171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The seductive allure of the brain: Dualism and lay perceptions of neuroscience. 大脑的诱惑:神经科学的二元论和外行感知。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127
Gwendolyn Sandoboe, Iris Berent
{"title":"The seductive allure of the brain: Dualism and lay perceptions of neuroscience.","authors":"Gwendolyn Sandoboe,&nbsp;Iris Berent","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1976127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laypeople prefer brain explanations of behavior (Weisberg, Keil, Goodstein, Rawson, & Gray, 2008). We suggest that this preference arises from 'intuitive Dualism'. For the Dualist, mentalistic causation elicits a mind-body dissonance, as it suggests that the immaterial mind affects the body. Brain causation attributes behavior to the body, so it alleviates the dissonance, hence, preferred. We thus predict stronger brain preference for epistemic traits - those perceived as least material, even when no explanation is required. To test this prediction, participants diagnosed clinical conditions using matched brain- and behavioral tests. Experiments 1-2 showed that epistemic traits elicited stronger preference for brain tests. Experiment 3 confirmed that epistemic traits are perceived as immaterial. Experiment 4 showed that, the less material the trait seems, the stronger the surprise (possibly, dissonance) and brain preference. Results offer new insights into public perception of science, the role of intuitive Dualism, and the seductive allure of neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"205-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Types of acquired dyslexia in Spanish-speaking patients with aphasia. 西班牙语失语症患者获得性阅读障碍的类型。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1989394
Micaela Difalcis, Florentina Morello García, Valeria Abusamra, Aldo Ferreres
{"title":"Types of acquired dyslexia in Spanish-speaking patients with aphasia.","authors":"Micaela Difalcis,&nbsp;Florentina Morello García,&nbsp;Valeria Abusamra,&nbsp;Aldo Ferreres","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1989394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1989394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The different types of acquired dyslexia described by cognitive neuropsychology have been observed in single-case and case series studies in different languages. However, no multipatient study of Spanish-speaking individuals has been reported that uses the same criteria and tasks to identify each participant's acquired dyslexia pattern. In this study, we analyzed participants' performance in three tasks (oral reading of words and nonwords, visual lexical decision with pseudohomophones, and written homophone comprehension) among 16 Spanish-speaking patients with aphasia. We identified 9 patients with acquired phonological dyslexia, 3 with acquired surface dyslexia, and 4 with acquired mixed dyslexia. The results of this research provide more information about the relative frequency of each type of acquired dyslexia in Spanish, which could be used to help design more appropriate treatments for rehabilitation. Identifying which processes have been impaired and which have been preserved will allow professionals to plan more specific interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"283-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39533440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Some challenges and extensions to Ward's framework for future synaesthesia research. 沃德的框架对未来联觉研究的一些挑战和扩展。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2016670
Mark Price
{"title":"Some challenges and extensions to Ward's framework for future synaesthesia research.","authors":"Mark Price","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2016670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2016670","url":null,"abstract":"In his position paper on the future of synaesthesia research, Ward’s (2021) central argument is that the tendency to develop synaesthesia is just one consequence of a more general neurodevelopmental profile. He argues that the profile underlies many of the ways in which synaesthetes perform differently from controls in various mental tasks, even if there are still a few performance differences that are caused directly by synaesthesia. The profile impacts “lifestyle choices” such as careers. It is associated with an elevated tendency for autism and anxiety. Ward summarizes empirical evidence which suggests that this profile is shared by non-synaesthete nearrelatives and appears strongest in those synaesthetes who experience many synaesthetic variants. These claims bring together much of the recent empirical work on synaesthesia and set out a useful scientific agenda. Ward’s introduction emphasizes three points: (1) Synaesthesia is dichotomous – i.e., the presence versus absence of synaesthesia in any individual is bimodally distributed. You have it or you don’t, and there is no gradation. (2) Synaesthesia arises in a manner that is “probabilistic rather than deterministic”. (3) Research should be less concerned with synaesthesia itself, and more focused on the underlying neurodevelopmental profile. Here I present some challenges or extensions to these points (Italicized text in quotes is verbatim text from Ward’s paper.)","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"279-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39768632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apraxia of speech and the study of speech production impairments: Can we avoid further confusion? Reply to Romani (2021). 语言失用症和语言产生障碍的研究:我们能避免进一步的混淆吗?回复罗曼尼语(2021)。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790
Marja-Liisa Mailend, Edwin Maas, Brad H Story
{"title":"Apraxia of speech and the study of speech production impairments: Can we avoid further confusion? Reply to Romani (2021).","authors":"Marja-Liisa Mailend,&nbsp;Edwin Maas,&nbsp;Brad H Story","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2009790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We agree with Cristina Romani (CR) about reducing confusion and agree that the issues raised in her commentary are central to the study of apraxia of speech (AOS). However, CR critiques our approach from the perspective of basic cognitive neuropsychology. This is confusing and misleading because, contrary to CR's claim, we did not attempt to inform models of typical speech production. Instead, we relied on such models to study the impairment in the clinical category of AOS (translational cognitive neuropsychology). Thus, the approach along with the underlying assumptions is different. This response aims to clarify these assumptions, broaden the discussion regarding the methodological approach, and address CR's concerns. We argue that our approach is well-suited to meet the goals of our recent studies and is commensurate with the current state of the science of AOS. Ultimately, a plurality of approaches is needed to understand a phenomenon as complex as AOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 4","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10011684/pdf/nihms-1873932.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9161624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder. 特异阅读障碍影像学遗传学研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900
Tina Thomas, Shiva Khalaf, Elena L Grigorenko
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder.","authors":"Tina Thomas,&nbsp;Shiva Khalaf,&nbsp;Elena L Grigorenko","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The imaging genetics of specific reading disabilities (SRD) is an emerging field that aims to characterize the disabilities' neurobiological causes, including atypical brain structure and function and distinct genetic architecture. The present review aimed to summarize current imaging genetics studies of SRD, characterize the effect sizes of reported results by calculating Cohen's <i>d,</i> complete a Fisher's Combined Probability Test for genes featured in multiple studies, and determine areas for future research. Results demonstrate associations between SRD risk genes and reading network brain phenotypes. The Fisher's test revealed promising results for the genes <i>DCDC2, KIAA0319, FOXP2, SLC2A3,</i> and <i>ROBO1.</i> Future research should focus on exploratory approaches to identify previously undiscovered genes. Using comprehensive neuroimaging (e.g., functional and effective connectivity) and genetic (e.g., sequencing and epigenetic) techniques, and using larger samples, diverse stages of development, and longitudinal investigations, would help researchers understand the neurobiological correlates of SRD to improve early identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"179-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8500943/pdf/nihms-1736356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Synaesthesia as a model system for understanding variation in the human mind and brain. 联觉作为理解人类思想和大脑变化的模型系统。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1950133
Jamie Ward
{"title":"Synaesthesia as a model system for understanding variation in the human mind and brain.","authors":"Jamie Ward","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1950133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1950133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to reposition synaesthesia as model system for understanding variation in the construction of the human mind and brain. People with synaesthesia inhabit a remarkable mental world in which numbers can be coloured, words can have tastes, and music is a visual spectacle. Key questions remain unanswered about why it exists, and how the study of synaesthesia might inform theories of the human mind. This article argues we need to rethink synaesthesia as not just representing exceptional experiences, but as a product of an unusual neurodevelopmental cascade from genes to brain to cognition of which synaesthesia is only one outcome. Specifically, differences in the brains of synaesthetes support a distinctive way of thinking (enhanced memory, imagery etc.) and may also predispose towards particular clinical vulnerabilities. In effect, synaesthesia can act as a paradigmatic example of a neuropsychological approach to individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"259-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02643294.2021.1950133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39187204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Psycholinguistic effects, types of impairments and processing levels in word production: Can we reduce confusions? 心理语言效应、障碍类型和单词生成的处理水平:我们能减少混淆吗?
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1950662
Cristina Romani
{"title":"Psycholinguistic effects, types of impairments and processing levels in word production: Can we reduce confusions?","authors":"Cristina Romani","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1950662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1950662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary highlights three common difficulties faced by the literature that aims to specify models of speech production based on the performance of aphasic speakers, taking as a springboard a recent study by Mailend et al. These include: (1) difficulties with theoretical assumptions which linki psycholinguistic effects unequivocally to one processing level; (2) difficulties using clinical classifications to localize experimental effects; (3) difficulties making theoretical inferences given the controversial nature of the representations that characterize different processing levels. We argue that these three types of difficulties could be ameliorated by studies in which: (1) the level of psycholinguistic effects is demonstrated with converging analyses; (2) clinical classification is not taken as a starting point in studies investigating the nature of an impairment, but, instead, associations between clusters of symptoms are carefully analysed; (3) The nature of processing levels associated with deficits is made clear and results are not over-interpreted as supporting models whose characteristics go beyond an explanation of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39194618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Whole-object effects in visual word processing: Parallels with and differences from face recognition. 视觉文字处理中的全对象效应:与人脸识别的相似之处和区别。
IF 3.4 3区 心理学
Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369
Monireh Feizabadi, Andrea Albonico, Randi Starrfelt, Jason J S Barton
{"title":"Whole-object effects in visual word processing: Parallels with and differences from face recognition.","authors":"Monireh Feizabadi,&nbsp;Andrea Albonico,&nbsp;Randi Starrfelt,&nbsp;Jason J S Barton","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.1974369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual words and faces differ in their structural properties, but both are objects of high expertise. Holistic processing is said to characterize expert face recognition, but the extent to which whole-word processes contribute to word recognition is unclear, particularly as word recognition is thought to proceed by a component-based process. We review the evidence for experimental effects in word recognition that parallel those used to support holistic face processing, namely inversion effects, the part-whole task, and composite effects, as well as the status of whole-word processing in pure alexia and developmental dyslexia, contrasts between familiar and unfamiliar languages, and the differences between handwriting and typeset font. The observations support some parallels in whole-object influences between face and visual word recognition, but do not necessarily imply similar expert mechanisms. It remains to be determined whether and how the relative balance between part-based and whole-object processing differs for visual words and faces.</p>","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 3","pages":"231-257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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