Cognitive Neuropsychology最新文献_第9页

Partial mental simulation explains fallacies in physical reasoning 部分心理模拟解释了物理推理中的谬误

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950

Ilona Bass, Kevin A. Smith, E. Bonawitz, T. Ullman

{"title":"Partial mental simulation explains fallacies in physical reasoning","authors":"Ilona Bass, Kevin A. Smith, E. Bonawitz, T. Ullman","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2083950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT People can reason intuitively, efficiently, and accurately about everyday physical events. Recent accounts suggest that people use mental simulation to make such intuitive physical judgments. But mental simulation models are computationally expensive; how is physical reasoning relatively accurate, while maintaining computational tractability? We suggest that people make use of partial simulation, mentally moving forward in time only parts of the world deemed relevant. We propose a novel partial simulation model, and test it on the physical conjunction fallacy, a recently observed phenomenon [Ludwin-Peery et al. (2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610] that poses a challenge for full simulation models. We find an excellent fit between our model's predictions and human performance on a set of scenarios that build on and extend those used by Ludwin-Peery et al. [(2020). Broken physics: A conjunction-fallacy effect in intuitive physical reasoning. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1602–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620957610], quantitatively and qualitatively accounting for deviations from optimal performance. Our results suggest more generally how we allocate cognitive resources to efficiently represent and simulate physical scenes.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"413 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Physical understanding in neurodegenerative diseases 神经退行性疾病的物理认识

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2071152

Josselin Baumard, Mathieu Lesourd, Léna Guézouli, F. Osiurak

引用次数: 2

The building blocks of intuitive physics in the mind and brain. 心灵和大脑中直觉物理的基石。

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2098709

Jason Fischer

引用次数: 1

Naturalistic embodied interactions elicit intuitive physical behaviour in accordance with Newtonian physics. 自然体现的相互作用根据牛顿物理学引起直观的物理行为。

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.2008890

Nils Neupärtl, Fabian Tatai, Constantin A Rothkopf

{"title":"Naturalistic embodied interactions elicit intuitive physical behaviour in accordance with Newtonian physics.","authors":"Nils Neupärtl, Fabian Tatai, Constantin A Rothkopf","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2021.2008890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2021.2008890","url":null,"abstract":"The success of visuomotor interactions in everyday activities such as grasping or sliding a cup is inescapably governed by the laws of physics. Research on intuitive physics has predominantly investigated reasoning about objects' behaviour involving binary forced choice responses. We investigated how the type of visuomotor response influences participants' beliefs about physical quantities and their lawful relationship implicit in their active behaviour. Participants propelled pucks towards targets positioned at different distances. Analysis with a probabilistic model of interactions showed that subjects adopted the non-linear control prescribed by Newtonian physics when sliding real pucks in a virtual environment even in the absence of visual feedback. However, they used a linear heuristic when viewing the scene on a monitor and interactions were implemented through key presses. These results support the notion of probabilistic internal physics models but additionally suggest that humans can take advantage of embodied, sensorimotor, multimodal representations in physical scenarios.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"440-454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39703057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bottom-up and top-down modulation of route selection in imitation. 模仿中路由选择的自底向上和自顶向下调制。

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2043264

Alessia Tessari, Riccardo Proietti, Raffaella I Rumiati

引用次数: 5

Do capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) use exploration to form intuitions about physical properties? 卷尾猴(Sapajus apella)会通过探索来形成对物理特性的直觉吗?

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2088273

Eleanor Jade Jordan, Christoph J Völter, Amanda M Seed

{"title":"Do capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) use exploration to form intuitions about physical properties?","authors":"Eleanor Jade Jordan, Christoph J Völter, Amanda M Seed","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2088273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2088273","url":null,"abstract":"Humans' flexible innovation relies on our capacity to accurately predict objects' behaviour. These predictions may originate from a \"physics-engine\" in the brain which simulates our environment. To explore the evolutionary origins of intuitive physics, we investigate whether capuchin monkeys' object exploration supports learning. Two capuchin groups experienced exploration sessions involving multiple copies of two objects, one object was easily opened (functional), the other was not (non-functional). We used two within-subject conditions (enrichment-then-test, and test-only) with two object sets per group. Monkeys then underwent individual test sessions where the objects contained rewards, and they choose one to attempt to open. The monkeys spontaneously explored, performing actions which yielded functional information. At test, both groups chose functional objects above chance. While high performance of the test-only group precluded us from establishing learning during exploration, this study reveals the promise of harnessing primates' natural exploratory tendencies to understand how they see the world.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"531-543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40194371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A role for visual areas in physics simulations. 视觉区域在物理模拟中的作用

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2034609

Aarit Ahuja, Theresa M Desrochers, David L Sheinberg

引用次数: 0

Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm 思维敏捷的人能成为好的思考者吗?使用双反应范式测量基础率忽略的神经关联

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589

O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys

{"title":"Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm","authors":"O. Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, Elaine Maceda, Wim De Neys","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditionally, it has been assumed that logical thinking requires deliberation. However, people can also make logical responses quickly, exhibiting logical intuitions. We examined the neural correlates of logical intuitions by administering base rate problems during fMRI scanning using a two-response paradigm where participants first responded quickly and then reflectively to problems that did or did not pit a normative response against an intuitively-cued stereotypical response (i.e., conflict vs. non-conflict problems). As predicted, participants were less likely to make judgments in accordance with base rates on conflict problems. Critically, in only 4% of cases did longer deliberation change an initially biased response to a normatively correct response. The fMRI data revealed that intuitively-made initial biased judgments nevertheless activate regions typically involved in cognitive control, executive functions and attention, including anterior, inferior, middle and superior frontal cortex, suggesting that even when errors are made, there might be very early awareness of conflict.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"365 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of visual-spatial attention in reading development: a meta-analysis 视觉空间注意在阅读发展中的作用：一项荟萃分析

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2043839

Lorana Gavril, Adrian Roșan, Ștefan Szamosközi

引用次数: 8

Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children. 同一枚硬币的两面:多动症影响儿童的反应性抑制，而不是主动抑制。

IF 3.4 3区心理学

Cognitive Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944

Isabel Suarez, Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón, Aurelie Grandjean, Ernesto Barceló, Moises Mebarak, Soraya Lewis, Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, Laurence Casini

{"title":"Two sides of the same coin: ADHD affects reactive but not proactive inhibition in children.","authors":"Isabel Suarez, Carlos De Los Reyes Aragón, Aurelie Grandjean, Ernesto Barceló, Moises Mebarak, Soraya Lewis, Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema, Laurence Casini","doi":"10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2031944","url":null,"abstract":"Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present a deficit in inhibitory control. Still, it remains unclear whether it comes from a deficit in reactive inhibition (ability to stop the action in progress), proactive inhibition (ability to exert preparatory control), or both.We compared the performance of 39 children with ADHD and 42 typically developing children performing a Simon choice reaction time task. The Simon task is a conflict task that is well-adapted to dissociate proactive and reactive inhibition. Beyond classical global measures (mean reaction time, accuracy rate, and interference effect), we used more sophisticated dynamic analyses of the interference effect and accuracy rate to investigate reactive inhibition. We studied proactive inhibition through the congruency sequence effect (CSE).Our results showed that children with ADHD had impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition. Moreover, the deficit found in reactive inhibition seems to be due to both a stronger impulse capture and more difficulties in inhibiting impulsive responses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how ADHD affects inhibitory control in children.","PeriodicalId":50670,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","volume":"38 5","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39833164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5