{"title":"Exploration of 3D Printing of Anti-Infective Urinary Catheters: Materials and Approaches to Combat Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) - A Review.","authors":"Archana Menon, Rubini Durairajan, Ramyadevi Durai, Nithyanand Paramasivam, VedhaHari B Narayanan","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022040452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022040452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a pioneering technology that has gained increased popularity in the fields of tissue engineering, drug design, drug delivery systems and biomedical devices. Thus, it enables us to explore this technique for fabricating 3D-printed catheters. Owing to its enhanced productivity and cost-efficiency, this technique can be utilized to fabricate any material for manufacturing or designing catheters with antimicrobial properties. From 1930s, Foley's catheter had been widely used to drain the urinary bladder of patients with impaired bladder function. Despite the complications like catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), kidney damage, chronic infections, encrustations and personal discomfort during inflation of the balloon, Foley's catheter was used universally without any changes in product design. Currently, marketed catheters have been reported for reducing CAUTI, but the prevention of limitations by coating drugs onto the catheter is very expensive. Altering the physical properties of the catheter by biopolymer blend might ease the discomfort. Thus, new technologies have to be adopted to manufacture ideal catheters that are biocompatible and provide antimicrobial and anti-fouling properties. Herein, we provide an overview of 3D printing techniques along with different materials opted for manufacturing catheters to overcome the existing challenges and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 5","pages":"51-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40717501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qurrat-Ul-Ain Khan, Muhammad Irfan Siddique, Muhammad Sarfraz, Khurram Rehman, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Haliza Katas
{"title":"Oral Dispersible Films from Product Development to End-User Acceptability: A Review.","authors":"Qurrat-Ul-Ain Khan, Muhammad Irfan Siddique, Muhammad Sarfraz, Khurram Rehman, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Haliza Katas","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021036885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021036885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orodispersible films (ODFs) have served as an emerging platform for the delivery of drugs in a convenient way. They have numerous advantages, the significant one is simplicity of administration for special populations such as pediatric and geriatric as well as patients with swallowing difficulty. Besides, the advantages include accurate dosing and fast action. The ODFs are efficiently designed with detailed knowledge of drug and polymers as well as a suitable selection of method. Many conventional and advance formulation strategies have been used for the development of ODFs. The biopharmaceutical concerns of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are given in this review in light of the fact that ODFs can be utilized to increase the bioavailability of APIs. The basic critical issues such as good mechanical properties, water solubility of the API and taste masking are very important to be considered during the development of ODFs. The knowledge of critical quality concerns of ODFs will be helpful in the future development of ODF. As ODFs remain in the mouth until complete degradation, taste, texture and mouth-feel are the qualities that in all respects liable for acceptability of the patient. An assortment of packaging choices is also accessible for ODFs. This review focuses on the different critical concerns of ODF related to composition, bio-pharmaceutical, manufacturing, quality tests, packaging and acceptability. Additionally, potential barriers in the ODFs development are discussed in details. Therefore, this review is an informative bundle of ODFs concerns from the product development stage to the end-user acceptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"33-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39746605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Holistic Approach to Combat Tuberculosis.","authors":"Sarita Rani, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Raghu Kasu, Umesh Gupta","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022039981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022039981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health challenge in this advanced era of health science. The longer therapy and higher dose of anti-tubercular drugs (ATDs) increases the patient incompliance at its peak levels of intolerance as well as toxicity. In the recent decades, nanoparticulate drug delivery has emerged as an excellent venture for the effective treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, brain as well as TB. Currently, encapsulation and conjugation of therapeutics to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) is an attractive strategy to enhance the effectivity of chemotherapeutics and minimize the toxic effects associated with ATDs. Various characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) such as high stability, high loading efficiency, and high carrying capacity gives preference to the NPs over other drug delivery systems. Multiple or dual drug delivery concept is continuously gaining attention as a strict and favourable requirement of anti-TB therapy. The ideal properties of NPs including controlled or sustained drug release from the matrix enhances drug bioavailability with dose reduction and also enhance compliance of TB patients. Natural and synthetic polymers are playing important role in curtailing the side effects of chemotherapeutics. This review extensively highlights the drug delivery approaches of ATDs and emphasized on the importance and application of PNPs to combat TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 5","pages":"83-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40717502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisha Shahid, M. M. Khan, Usama Ahmad, M. Haider, Asad Ali
{"title":"Exploring Liposomes for Lung Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Aisha Shahid, M. M. Khan, Usama Ahmad, M. Haider, Asad Ali","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2021037912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2021037912","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is referred to as a pleiotropic disease-causing approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Among all cancers, lung cancer was the leading cause of death in 2017, and 12% of fatalities were alone due to lung cancer. The associated risk factors in lung cancer include smoking (80-85%), chronic inflammation in the lungs, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, environmental and occupational exposure to nickel, arsenic, chromates, etc. Early diagnosed patients' treatment plan includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and tumor ablation. Many sorts of drug delivery carriers have been used in the past, usually in targeted chemotherapy. Liposomes are spherical shape vesicles containing a lipid bilayer and aqueous core, with potency to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs with minimal toxicity. These vesicles have a particle size of 0.02-1000 μm allowing selective passive targeting to the tumor's deeper tissues. Current publications on liposomes highlight their acceptance and best choice among all systems to deliver synthetic and herbal drugs to the lungs. This review focuses on many aspects, which include an in-depth analysis of potential anticancer drugs that have utilized the advantages of liposomes for effective lung carcinomatherapy and devices used to deliver the active agents to the pulmonary tissues. Investigations on ongoing, approved, and failed clinical trials and patents on products related to lung cancer have been highlighted to provide a critical review on the subject.","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ebrahimnejad, Zahra Mohammadi, Melika Ahmadi, Shervin Amirkhanloo, A. Babaei, K. Asare-Addo, A. Nokhodchi
{"title":"[Novel strategies using sagacious targeting for site-specific drug delivery in breast cancer treatment: Clinical potentials and applications]","authors":"P. Ebrahimnejad, Zahra Mohammadi, Melika Ahmadi, Shervin Amirkhanloo, A. Babaei, K. Asare-Addo, A. Nokhodchi","doi":"10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022043898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022043898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baburao N Chandakavathe, Ravindra G Kulkarni, Shivsharan B Dhadde
{"title":"Grafting of Natural Polymers and Gums for Drug Delivery Applications: A Perspective Review.","authors":"Baburao N Chandakavathe, Ravindra G Kulkarni, Shivsharan B Dhadde","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022035905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022035905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural polymers have received more attention because of their advantages over synthetic polymers such as abundant availability, low cost, biodegradability and non-toxicity. However, natural polymers suffer some limitations such as drop-in viscosity upon storage, uncontrolled hydration, solubility, inability to perform under high temperature and pressure (thermal stability), etc. In many instances above mentioned drawbacks of natural polymers limits their applications in drug delivery systems. Grafting of natural polymer leads to improved properties and characteristics of backbones of macromolecules such as improvement in gel strength, swelling index, mucoadhesion, drug targeting and drug release profile. Therefore, in recent decades grafting of the natural polymer has gained immense importance for the development of drug delivery systems. In addition to the pharmaceutical applications graft copolymers are extensively utilized in diversified fields. The present review is an attempt to define the grafting, various methods of polymer grafting and their application in drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 6","pages":"45-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40649107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Polymers and Excipients for Better Gastric Retention of Captopril.","authors":"Uddipta Das, Pankaj Wadhwa, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Dheeraj Varma Kalidindi, Kalpana Nagpal","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022042122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022042122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that prevents angiotensin I (ATI) from being converted to angiotensin II (ATII). However, it offers certain limitations like instability, dose dumping and burst release due to its usage in the native state. In the last two decades, different polymers and excipients have been used to make captopril more accessible and well-accepted. The present work discusses the efforts made by various scientists so far to make the oral administration of captopril more acceptable by overcoming its limitations. The different factors affecting gastric retention, approaches to achieve better gastric retention. The oral managed release dosage forms have enormous curative benefits such as improved therapeutics and better patient compliance. The polymer based gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) include microspheres, soild inclusion complex, floating tablets, alginate based beads, etc utilizes better retention in the stomach for longer duration of action and improved bioavailability. Overall, the work aims to summarize the attempts made as novel drug delivery approaches over the last two decades in reverse chronological order to make captopril more gastro retentive and orally acceptable by the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"39 6","pages":"85-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40649109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Cissus quadrangularis in the Management of Osteoporosis: An Overview.","authors":"Jaspreet Kaur, Gajanand Sharma, Akanksha Mahajan, Om Parkash Katare, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Gargi Ghoshal","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021033808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021033808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), which is a traditional medicinal herb and has a potential osteoprotective effect. CQ is a perennial climber of family Vitaceae that is commonly found in the hotter parts of India. It is most widely used in India for improving bone health and is well known as \"hadjod.\" It shows an anti-osteoporotic effect through different pathways mechanisms. It is natural matrices of excellence with proven bioactivity. Several cell line and animal studies demonstrated its protective nature against many diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, gastric ulcers etc. This review also highlights the phytochemicals identified to the date and related pharmacological applications. The discussion has also expanded to its oral formulations, which has been proven for its efficacy practically. However, the scientific information of CQ is not in the proper documentation for reference, and so availability of scientific knowledge of this climber is limited. Therefore, this review might be provided a platform to those who will be interested in studying further this herb, either for analyzing phytochemical profiling or its anti-osteoporotic usage. This is a crucial platform as several productive results have been reported on this herb, which likely to be beneficial for new drug discovery in future. Here we also discuss the bone remodeling and related factors influenced by the intake of CQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"38 5","pages":"27-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39298206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeeshan Shokat, Abdaal Ali, Uzair Ahmed, Muhammad Rizwan Javed, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Rauf Ahmed, Muhammad Shareef Masoud
{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Regeneration to Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Zeeshan Shokat, Abdaal Ali, Uzair Ahmed, Muhammad Rizwan Javed, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Rauf Ahmed, Muhammad Shareef Masoud","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021033916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2021033916","url":null,"abstract":"Targeting drug delivery has been a focus of researchers in recent years for cancer and other diseases. Many approaches such as liposomes, exosomes, nanoparticles (magnetic), encapsulation etc. have been developed and investigated for their clinical applications. But disadvantages linked to these therapies limit them to be used in clinical settings. Cell based drug delivery systems has emerged as an alternative for these therapies. Among cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proved to a potential cell type for research due to its many characteristics including low immunogenicity, chemotaxis and homing to tumor sites which are considered mandatory for drug delivery. This chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities in using MSCs as therapeutic carrier of drugs in different ailments.","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"38 3","pages":"33-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39283797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Therapeutic Advancement and Strategies Associated with Drug Delivery in Brain-Tumor Targeting.","authors":"Bjorn John Stephen, Madan Mohan Sharma, Devendra Jain, Harshdeep Dhaliwal, Vikram Sharma, Abhijeet Singh","doi":"10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2020033839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumors pose a serious burden to health care because the cancers are usually incurable, despite advancements in treatment strategies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Most studies report that specific drugs are effective in vitro, but many lose their therapeutic value in clinical settings. Maintaining therapeutic drug concentrations as an agent reaches a cancer target is the efficacy prerequisite for any form of treatment. However, in the case of brain tumors, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts to physically and physiologically block the drug, which complicates treatment options. In addition, strategies are limited by a number of factors such as difficulties that are associated with targeting tumor cells. The therapeutic potential of targeted drug delivery as an alternative to current strategies is gaining significant ground, with many studies highlighting its efficacy and compatibility in overcoming the BBB before reaching its final target in brain. In this review, we briefly describe basic physiology associated with the BBB and how modern science is taking advantage of physiological processes to deliver anticancer agents to brain. We also summarize different modes of drug delivery and highlight how nanoparticles as drug-delivery vehicles are used for drug transport in brain tumors as well as different types of surface modification that are used to increase target potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":50614,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems","volume":"38 2","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25411549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}